The reinforcement of a stitch foundation significantly increases its strength characteristics, which allows the creation of stable structures with an immediate change in pressure.
Design of fittings and reinforcement diagrams are consistent with the provisions of the current SNiP 01/52/2003. The document can be used for reporting purposes, provides information on normative documents and a set of rules.
SP 63.13330.2012 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Basic provisions. The edition of SNiP 52-01-2003 has been updated. File for download
The strech foundation is responsible for its durability, reliability, resistance to various climatic factors and mechanical stresses.
The main characteristics of the value of concrete structures are the support of axial compression (Rb,n), tensile strength (Rbt,n) and transverse stress. It is important to select a specific brand and class for concrete in accordance with the normative standard indicators. To ensure the reliability of the design, correction reliability coefficients may be used, which range from 1.0 to 1.5.
At the hour of reinforcement of the string foundations, the type and control values of the reinforcement strength are established. The standards allow hot-rolled reinforcement of a periodic profile, thermally treated reinforcement or mechanically formed reinforcement before drying.
The class of reinforcement is selected to ensure the guaranteed value between the planes at maximum strength. In addition to tensile characteristics, plasticity, resistance to corrosion, weldability, resistance to negative temperatures, relaxation resistance and acceptable extension to the beginning of rusting processes are normal.
Table of reinforcement classes and steel grades
| Profile type | class | Diameter, mm | Steel grade |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smooth profile | A1 (A240) | 6-40 | St3kp, St3ps, St3sp |
| Periodic profile | A2 (A300) | 10-40, 40-80 | St5sp, St5ps, 18G2S |
| Periodic profile | A3 (A400) | 6-40, 6-22 | 35GS, 35G2S, 32G2Rps |
| Periodic profile | A4 (A600) | 10-18 (6-8), 10-32 (36-40) | 80С, 20ХГ2Ц |
| Periodic profile | A5 (A800) | 10-32 (6-8), (36-40) | 23Х2Г2Т |
| Periodic profile | A6 (A1000) | 10-22 | 22Х2Г2АУ, 22Х2Г2Р |
The development of the stitch foundation is carried out in accordance with the recommendation of GOST 27751, the indicators of the boundary areas of the installations are covered by groups.
Before the first group of installations, which leads to complete failure of the foundation, to another group of installations, which leads to frequent loss of durability, which complicates the normal and safe operation of the foundation. Beyond the permissible limits of the other group the following vibrates:
The main indicators of resistance to deformation and the value of the concrete fittings are based on the maximum value when stretched or compressed, which is determined in laboratory sinks on special testing stands. Technology and testing methods are prescribed in sovereign standards. In some cases, the generator can quickly rely on regulatory and technical documentation developed by the industry. In this case, the regulatory and technical documentation may be subject to strict approval by regulatory authorities.
For concrete structures, these values can be interchanged by the maximum indicators of the change in linearity of concrete. As the coordinated displays are accepted as actual diagrams, they will become reinforcements with a short-hour one-sided influx of rozrakhunkov normative values. The nature of the diagrams of the future fittings is established according to the specific type and brand. During the engineering development of the reinforced foundation, the diagram of the structures is determined after replacing the normative indicators with the actual ones.
Reinforcement cage - photo
For reinforcement, it is possible to use only clear reinforcement, the knitting of mesh is consistent with the structure of the design parameters. It is important to note that the tolerance fields regulated by SNiP 3.03.01 are not allowed. Special daily visits must ensure reliable fixation of the reinforcing mesh in accordance with the relevant rules.
SNiP 3.03.01-87. Carrying and gardening structures. Standards and regulations. File for download
When the fittings are damaged, it is necessary to use special devices; the minimum radius of the fittings must be determined by the diameter and specific physical characteristics of the fittings.
The reinforcement is inserted into the formwork, the prepared formwork is assembled according to GOST 25781 and GOST 23478.
STEEL FORMS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SLEEVE CONCRETE VIROBITS. Technical minds. File for download
Formwork for the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Classification and additional technical aids
For a cross-stitch foundation, the lazhen is fitted with reinforced reinforcement with a periodic profile Ø 6÷12 mm.
Chinni sovereigns regulations regulate the minimum number of rods in concrete to give it maximum performance characteristics. The minimum ground cut of late reinforcement bars cannot be ≤ 0.1% of the area of the cross cut of the foundation stitch. For example, if the cross-section foundation has a cross-section of 12000×500 mm (the cross-cut area is 600,000 mm2), the counter area of all later rods must become no less than 600,000×0.01% = 600 mm2. In practice, forgetters rarely see this display, depending on the nature of the soil and the specific grade of concrete. This value can be taken into account as an orientational value; if compared to the recommended values, there is no need to overestimate it by ≈20% on the smaller side.
To determine the size of the reinforcement, it is necessary to know the area of the cross-section of the foundation stitch and the area of the cross-section of the reinforcing bar. To make things easier, we present the finished table for your consideration.
| Number of swifts | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter, mm | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 6 | 28,3 | 57 | 85 | 113 | 141 | 170 | 198 | 226 | 254 |
| 8 | 50,3 | 101 | 151 | 201 | 251 | 302 | 352 | 402 | 453 |
| 10 | 76,5 | 157 | 236 | 314 | 393 | 471 | 550 | 628 | 707 |
| 12 | 113 | 226 | 339 | 452 | 565 | 679 | 792 | 905 | 1018 |
| 14 | 154 | 308 | 462 | 616 | 769 | 923 | 1077 | 11231 | 1385 |
| 16 | 201 | 402 | 603 | 804 | 1005 | 1206 | 1407 | 1608 | 1810 |
| 18 | 254,5 | 509 | 763 | 1018 | 1272 | 1527 | 1781 | 2036 | 2290 |
| 20 | 314,2 | 628 | 942 | 1256 | 1571 | 1885 | 2199 | 2513 | 2828 |
Now it’s time to get some rest. For example, to reinforce a strick foundation, you vikorist entire rows of reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm. According to the table, the counter area of the swifts is 628 mm. Such a frame can be made with a concrete line with a depth of 120 cm and a width of 50 cm. A few square millimeters can be avoided, as they will be additional insurance against damage to the knitting technology or the preparation of certain materials no concrete.
In addition, these indicators must be calculated according to the diameters of the rods for the foundations. These displays are stored in a wide variety of warehouses; to simplify the layout, you can quickly use a table.
Using this table, you can easily select the diameter of the reinforcement, which is recommended for a strick foundation.
With a number of patterns for knitting fittings, a leather memorabilia can be made as handy as possible for yourself. The choice of schemes needs to be made based on dimensions and characteristics.
The reinforcement can be knitted tightly, and then ready items The structures are lowered into the foundation trench and connected to each other, or they can be directly knitted in the trench. Both methods are of equal value, but there is little difference. On the ground, all the main straight elements can be operated independently, during an hour of work in the trench with a binder. To knit, you need to prepare a special hook, the joint is knitted with a soft shot with a diameter of 0.5 mm.
In some cases, you can be careful about tying with a hand-held electric drill - do not show respect to them. Those who have no idea about work can write this way.
First of all, when drilling, your hand will get tired much more and more quickly, less like a light kick. Otherwise, cables always get tangled under your feet, get caught at the ends of the fittings, etc. Thirdly, not in all everyday plots electrical energy. And, fourthly, your knots will always be either unstretched or torn.
For knitting the reinforcement, the soft material is fine and dries, and the material is of low value. Pull it well, the connection may come out in two or three turns. In other cases, productivity decreases and fatigue increases. There are also other options for welding fittings, we will talk about them in the next section of the article.
We have already been told that this method can be used to knit reinforcement on the ground. Only straight sections of mesh are prepared, which are tied after they are lowered into the trench.
Krok 1. Prepare the reinforcement materials. The standard depth of darts is six meters; if possible, they are not required. If you are afraid that it will be difficult to deal with such a dynamic, cut them loose.
We would like to start knitting the reinforcement for a short section of the string foundation, so that we can have a little trouble and deal with the long rods more easily. It is not recommended to cut them, as it increases the loss of metal and reduces the value of the foundation. The dimensions of the workpieces can be seen from the butt of a stitch foundation with a height of 120 inches and a width of 40 inches.
The reinforcement must be filled with concrete at least 5 centimeters thick on all sides. This is the weekend. To ensure the sheer size of the reinforcement frame, it is necessary to ensure a height of no more than 110 cm (minus 5 cm from the skin side) and a width of 30 cm (minus 5 cm from the skin side). For knitting, you need to add two centimeters from the skin side to the overlap. This means that the blanks for the horizontal jumpers are 34 cm long, the blanks for the vertical jumpers are 144 cm long. If the frame is so high, it’s not good enough; a height of 80 cm is enough.
Croc 2 Select an equal dart, place two long darts, align their ends.
Croc 3 At a distance of ≈ 20 cm from the ends, tie horizontal struts along the edges. For knitting, the required length is approximately 20 centimeters. Fold in two, slide the knitting under the seam and tighten the knitting hook with the first turns. Do not overdo it with force, otherwise you may not be able to show off. The amount of twisting is determined by the last step.
Croc 3 At a distance of approximately 50 centimeters, tie along all the horizontal struts that are missing. Everything is ready - place the structure on a free place and thus create another frame element. You've got the top and bottom parts, now you need to glue them together.
Krok 4. Next, attach the stops for the two parts of the mesh, so that they can be pressed against any object. The head, so that the knitted elements occupy a stable position, stand between them and adjust the height of the knitted reinforcement.
Krok 5. At the ends, tie two vertical struts, you know the dimensions. Once the frame has become smaller and you can guess the finished fabric, tie on all the other pieces. Don’t rush, check all the measurements. If you want to prepare a new dinner, there is no harm in checking the dimensions.
Krok 6 This algorithm itself requires the earth to bind all the straight sections of the frame.
Krok 7. Place pads no less than five centimeters high at the bottom of the trench and the lower parts of the mesh on them. Place the barrel supports and place the mesh in the correct position.
Reinforcement (framework for installation in formwork)
Krok 8 Find out the dimensions of the unknitted cutlets and joints, prepare the reinforcement strips to join the frame into a single structure. Please note that the overlap of the ends of the reinforcement is no less than fifty rod diameters.
Krok 9 Tie the bottom turn, then the vertical posts and the top one. Turn the reinforcement upside down to all surfaces of the formwork.
The reinforcement is ready, you can start filling the foundation with concrete.
To prepare the device, you will need a bunch of boards approximately 20 mm thick, the amount of lumber may be sufficient. It’s not important to prepare the template, but it’s important to forgive the robot.
Krok 1. Place the boards next to the reinforcement, connect two of them at the edge of the vertical posts. It is necessary to leave two new templates. Make sure that the alignment of the stand between the slats is the same, otherwise there will be no vertical position of the necessary elements.
Croc 2 Create two vertical supports; the height of the supports depends on the height of the reinforcing mesh. The supports are made of heavy-duty stones, which prevent them from moving over. All knitting work must be carried out on a level area. Check the resistance of the selected device, turn off the ability of its transfer before the hour of operation.
Croc 3 Place the feet of the supports on two broken boards, place the two boards on the upper surface of the supports. Fix this situation in any way.
You have the final layout of the reinforcing mesh, now you can robotically assemble the wire without outside help. Place at the designated place for preparing the vertical spread of the reinforcement, first, using the help of anchors, immediately fix its position. Place a reinforcement bar on the horizontal metal bridge. Repeat this operation on all sides of the frame. Reverse this position again. That's all right - take a piece of paper and start knitting. Suspension should work as long as you have a lot of new mesh sections with reinforcement.
Work in the trench in a rich manner through the boundaries of the brain. It is necessary to think carefully about the pattern of knitting the surrounding elements, so that later it does not happen to intertwine between the reinforcement bars. In addition, you won’t be able to knit the mesh on your own; you will need to use a helper.
Krok 1. Place a stone or clay no less than five centimeters high at the bottom of the trench, raise the metal from the ground and allow the concrete to cover the reinforcement on all sides. Standing between the stones may adjust the width of the mesh.
In the photo - a retainer for the reinforced frame
Croc 2 It is necessary to place late rods on the stone. The horizontal and vertical rods are already cut according to the dimensions as they have already been cut.
Croc 3. Begin to form the frame frame from one side of the foundation. If you tie the horizontal struts to the lying rods in front, then the process will be easier. The assistant is responsible for pressing the ends of the rods until they are fixed in the required position.
Krok 4. Afterwards, continue to knit the reinforcement, standing between the spreaders may become approximately fifty centimeters.
Krok 5. Using this very algorithm, tie the reinforcement on all straight sections of the foundation stitch.
Krok 6 Check the dimensions and position of the frame, if necessary, adjust the position and remove a few metal parts before the formwork.
Krok 7. Now is the time to start working on the foundation. There is a folding option for knitting in kuts for the little one, you can come up with a simpler one. Golovne, so that the dove of overlaps was trimmed. And one more respect. In the Kutas, the foundation is based not only on the vigin, but also on the vertical expansion. Be sure to press the vertical rods of the auxiliary fittings, do not forget to install them. To guarantee these purposes, reinforcement with a large diameter can be used.
It is necessary to know that, even if welding destroys the physical characteristics of the reinforcement, use this method only in extreme cases.
If you still have to weld a lot, then you can do everything possible to apply the minimum amount of seams in one place, put a few centimeters of the edge to fix the horizontal and vertical stops. During brewing, accurately determine the optimal strength and diameter of the electrodes. The metal at the places where the seam is placed is not liable to overheat.
Making fittings – photo
And the most important thing is that special fittings are required for welding; the brands of such fittings are indicated by the letter “C”. Before speaking, this fittings are significantly more valuable than before.
There are a number of ways in which you can speed up and ease the knitting process and thereby improve the strength of the structure and reduce the waste of materials.
To spread, bend the reinforcement near the letter “P”. For this, you can create a rudimentary workbench in a couple of years, and you will have plenty of money for bending rods. To make a cob, you need to bend one symbol, check its size and then, using the symbol as a template, prepare all the connections. Such spreads are much easier to knit, and they immediately reduce the required size of the structure. Another plus is that expensive material will be wasted less quickly. At first glance, the savings seem to be non-network, a maximum of ten centimeters per connection. If you multiply ten centimeters by the number of pieces and the price of the fittings, then you get an “acceptable” amount.
For spreading, it is possible to use reinforcement of a smaller diameter and a flexible road with a constant profile. Use metal darts or wire rod of suitable diameter.
Since you don’t have the hunger to learn such jobs, it’s better not to work on your own. The presence of an assistant greatly simplifies the process and makes it safer.
At the cost of reinforcement, the foundation is significantly more expensive than most, so consider this method of strengthening architectural structures in extreme cases. There are a lot of cheap ways to increase the load-bearing characteristics of a string foundation. It’s true that stinks can develop over time, depending on the peculiarities of the site’s design, the characteristics of the soil and the landscape.
A few words can be said about the front reinforcement. Tse folding method, which allows you to significantly paint all the indicators of the stitch foundation without increasing the amount of reinforcement. The essence of the method lies in the forward tightening of the rods with tension forces so as to exert pressure on the structure during the hour of operation of the foundation. For example, if you press the rod against the rod, squeeze it tightly in front.
After choosing a plot, laying out the plan for the booth, and analyzing the soil, you can safely proceed to laying the foundation.
How solid the foundation of the building will be depends on a number of factors: the type of foundation, the concrete structure and the foundation, the correctness of waterproofing, drainage, paving.
In the process of everyday life, melodiously, vinikne logically nutrition: “How to reinforce the strichkovy foundation?”
The correct reinforcement of a stitch foundation should be made with the help of torsional metal runners with a diameter of 10-12 mm.
With special respect, I would like to add robots with basic parts.
If the installation of reinforcement in a string foundation is done incorrectly, the results will be even more disastrous. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the rods overlapping, hooking them behind the vertical reinforcement.
The rods that are located at the inner part of the walls must move and reach the outer edge of the wall, otherwise the dispute will become German.
During the reinforcement process, it is necessary to carefully align the gaps between the runners.
Concrete, as you know, has a high resistance to compression and is not at all susceptible to tearing.
However, this shortfall is partially compensated by metal reinforcement, which lays the lower and upper parts of the foundation along the lines.
There is a significant increase in value for money and for growth.
Vertical reinforcement is additional and will ensure durability. Such considerations are insignificant, so the main function of the vertical reinforcement is a stand that supports the lower and upper reinforcement belt.
It is important that between the runners of the vertical reinforcement there is a distance of 0.5-0.8 m.
The steel reinforcement was stolen from view influx of negative dovkilla, and the track is filled with concrete to a level of 700 mm at the lower part and up to 40-60 mm at the top.
The distance between the veins of the reinforcement is at least 0.3 m. As a rule, the reinforcement should be carried out using 2, 3, 4 rods at the skin belt.
It is impossible to reinforce the foundation without vicor and hot-rolled metal reinforcement grades “A” - “W” with a periodic profile and girder of 10-22 mm in diameter. The quantity of cutting tracks must be insured at the design stage. So, for working fittings, the diameter is 10-22 mm, and the additional one is 4-10 mm.
To understand how to properly reinforce a strip foundation, it is necessary to first know in what sequence the reinforcement will be connected.
Proper reinforcement of a string foundation can be done in stages:
An even more popular method of reinforcement is the principle of attaching reinforcement, since the fragments in this type of power are not subject to change.
Farmers also recommend building a foundation, the width of which is between 40-50 cm, with the help of 4 long rods that are installed on the riser 0.2 modins apart. Using additional thin rods, they are formed into a square frame.
To obtain the required strength of concrete, it is necessary to expand the depth, width and height of the base.
It is especially important to install the reinforcement of the foundation independently. Golovna, for which it is necessary to constantly sacrifice your respect, - cut it.
The fakhivtsi are advised to install bent rods in the tufts under the nakhil, without losing the joints.
After the fittings are installed, it is necessary to make ventilation openings and fill them with cement.
To correctly calculate how much concrete is needed for the foundation, it is necessary to measure the width, depth and height of the base contour. You can find the example of such a vimir on the foundation page in Shchelkovo.
The standard stitch width, which is most often narrowed, is a contour with a parameter of 20-40 cm.
As we are talking about height, then when it comes out of the structure it is necessary to cover the underground part of the foundation and the ground part that protrudes. The wona is approximately 2 m long.
The extension to the contour is the perimeter of the external walls and the extension under the internal walls.
The middle of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations are usually divided into:
After that, you can proceed before the ventilation is installed and the water supply is carried out. For this, across the formwork, it is necessary to install an asbestos-cement pipe and fill it with a squeak, so that it can be poured into it.
And first of all, it is necessary to determine exactly how communications will be distributed. At least two such pipes should be installed.
As a waterproofing agent, you can vicorate roofing felt and resin, with which it will be necessary to glue the entire perimeter. However, there are a lot of other materials, about which they reportedly wrote on the side of the waterproofing.
However, there are also richly modern materials, such as penetron, for example.
Yogo needs to be added to the rozchin, protecting in such a rite not only the edge of the foundation, but also making the entire concrete waterproof.
So that after the inflows, the seams are not screwed up, water can penetrate through the yak, it is necessary to fill it in at a time.
The formwork before the flood should be rammed in order to avoid the pitting of damaged pits.
The strip foundation is the most popular for private living. Wine is ideal for the life of small houses, garages, lazen and other government houses. All works can be done with your own hands, and a small amount of materials and a minimum amount of earthen work allow you to reduce the price of that term of preparation. Obviously, so that everything went as planned, it is necessary to know how to properly reinforce the foundation.
First of all, how to properly reinforce a strichkovy foundation, varto say a few words about the choice of reinforcement.
First of all, when purchasing solid corrugated fittings - complete the road is unhappy. If you built the reinforcement of the string foundation with your own hands, it means that the work done is not very great. So you will have to overpay a maximum of a few hundred rubles - this is fully compensated by the high durability and reliability of the finished structure.
With independent development and selection of reinforcement for the reinforcement frame of a string foundation, there is a great deal of damage. In the future, maybe the reason for the ruination of the booth, then the best decisions You will lay out the project for reinforcement of the foundation at the designer, and knit the frame by self-tightening the chair.
First, go to the store to purchase the material, you need to find out how much you need to reinforce the string foundation. For this reason, it’s important to think about what type of reinforcement scheme for a string foundation will be the best choice for a concrete structure for a specific project.
Butt reinforcement frame for foundation
When there are small buildings, garages and crawl spaces, the following frame configuration is used:
This scheme is optimal. Now, knowing the size of the future dispute, it is not at all difficult to deal with various types of disorders.
Let’s say you want to have a spacious frame or wooden dacha with an area of 150 square meters From external walls with a perimeter of 50 meters. Let's carry out the investigations that come out of this. Vikorist is used when reinforced with a strech foundation. SNiP is consistent with the characteristics described above.
There are two belts with three rods in the skin. At once - 6 multiplied by 50 = 300 meters of main reinforcement. We ensure that the length of the jumper is sufficient to fit within a width of 30 centimeters. For this, 50 meters is divided by 0.3. We are taking 167 pieces. The transverse jumpers in this frame are 30 centimeters long, and the vertical ones – 60 centimeters. On the vertical jumper you need 167x0, 6x2 = 200.4 meters. On the horizontal - 167x0, 3x2 = 100.2 meters. At the same time, you will need 300 meters of thick corrugated reinforcement and 300.6 meters of thin, smooth reinforcement. Having taken away these numbers, you can safely go to the store for the material - a strip foundation without reinforcement will not last long. Dealers recommend taking reinforcement from a reserve of 10-15%. Even so much material is needed to strengthen the core parts of the stitch foundation and before sticking.
The rules for reinforcement of a stitch foundation may vary depending on the vicoristic welding of the knitting bark, since during vicoristic welding, at the places where the welding joints are made, the metal rods lose their value up to 2-2.5 times. c. Moreover, corrosion most often occurs here, which can damage the reinforcement at great risk, thereby reducing the reliability and durability of the base. It is permissible to no longer contact for additional mating assistance. It took an hour to complete the difficult stage, which was not enough of an accomplished correspondent. However, there is a lot to be found here depending on what kind of tool you will use.
Nadiyny vuzol knitted with dart reinforcement
The classic tool for knitting reinforcement on a stitch foundation is a special knitting hook. Vikorist yogo, proven masters can produce up to 12-15 knots per quill (especially as the knitting worker takes care of the preparation and cutting). The main advantage of this option is accessibility - the hook can be bought in many stores for a hundred rubles or even cheaper. The downside is that the speed of work with it is low among the masters. Worth it - you'll end up making hundreds of ties in the form of reinforcement for small-sized foundations.
Drit and hook for knitting the frame
If you want to finish the job as quickly as possible, you can quickly use a special knitting gun. When dealing with it, it is easy for unsatisfied merchants to get 25-30 knots per coin. So, the productivity of growth is at least twice as high. Unfortunately, the value of such possession is not low - about 50 thousand or more. Besides, to work with him you need a special drill - you may not be able to go there. This is additionally greater variety. If it is possible to rent a knitting gun for as many years as you need, feel free to accept this proposition, but do not forget to know about the maximum diameter of the reinforcement that can be connected. Working with a simple tool, you will spend a maximum of a day on the folding frame - properly reinforcing the stitch foundation becomes lighter and smoother. If done manually, this process can take a week or more.
First proceed to the reinforcement of the stitch foundation, and the support frames are installed. It is important for the frame to lie down so that the frame will serve for many decades, or it will become covered with cracks in the first spring due to seasonal fluctuations in the level of the soil.
In order not to worry about the time of preparation, it is necessary to remember a few rules:
All elements for reinforcement of the foundation are cold-formed. Every time the fittings do not heat up, the fragments will lead to loss of their value.
As you know, the rules are as simple as possible. In addition to their activities, the alarm clocks do not suspect or forget about their uninformed activities. This leads to the fact that the technology of reinforcement of a string foundation is destroyed and the service life is significantly reduced.
One of the advantages of a string foundation is the relatively small amount of earthwork required. A couple of people working every day with short breaks can easily dig a pit of a reasonable size on normal soil. Once the foundation pit is ready, you can start blazing it off.
The first stage is the preparation of a cushion for the foundation. This significantly reduces the negative influx of groundwater onto the foundation, and also distributes it as evenly as possible along the ground, including the foundation itself and all other sources. Here you can find various materials. Most often, sand and crushed stone become stagnant. It is bad for you to cope with your function in the winter - smut, so that the thickness of the pillow becomes at least 15-20 centimeters.
Ale deyaki experts will please the concrete pad. So, it’s the most expensive way to go. Expensive cement and the need for reinforcement of the pillow will greatly advance the quality of life and living conditions. Then, as a result, you will select the most reliable basis for the foundation, which guarantees that it will last for many years. This can be said emphatically - not a penny to throw away.
The butt of the reinforced stitch foundation
If the work is being carried out on weak, heaving soil, or it is planned to build an important permanent structure, if the monolithic foundation is to be replaced for some reason, then it is possible to vikorize the strech foundation with the sole. The wider bottle allows you to completely reduce the pressure on the ground. Of course, do not forget about the reinforcement of the foundation - on heaving soils, the importance of tension and tension is regularly observed. It is very important to ensure that you have enough money.
As time goes by, the wear and tear on the foundation and the base of the soil will increase. Before that, you will have to spend a lot of money on reinforcement of the base of the stich foundation - as it will go wrong, which will lead to the most obvious ruin of the entire structure.
Formwork is installed on top of the finished cushion. When choosing the width, make sure that the finished foundation is subject to 10-15 centimeters of damage to the lower outer walls that need to be supported.
The next step is to install waterproofing. The workers of the building industry use roofing felt, but instead use expensive material. And the great woman simplifies the styling process. Therefore, you can vikoristovat a daily flight. So, vin less mіtsny. Ale wine is needed for a few days - so that the milk of cement does not go into the sand. Therefore, cheap and lightweight polyethylene is completely suitable. The vin is laid on top of the formwork. In some places, you should use a larger overlap - no less than 10-15 centimeters - and glue it with wide tape.
Where will the robots’ preparations end? Now let's talk about pouring and reinforcing the foundation with our own hands.
It is best to assemble the frame from the reinforcement directly from the prepared pit - this allows for the most accurate fixation of the elements. If you are thinking about reinforcing a buried string foundation, or if the foundation pit is too narrow for work to be carried out in it, then you can assemble the frame of the tower over the trench, after which you carefully lower it in place. There are no problems here, it’s not my fault Pokrov's instructions not required.
The last and one of the most important stages is pouring the foundation.
Pouring a slab foundation with a concrete pump
Bazhano vikoristati for this concrete grade M200 or higher. The wine has a high value to show significant interest, and also has a sufficient indicator of frost resistance.
It’s important to say that for work you will need a lot of material. Conduct everything in the background necessary care- Concrete must be poured in one go, avoiding spillage of other sections. In other cases, the value of the base will significantly decrease, and this will result in unnecessary operation of the booth. For these reasons, it is important to hire a concrete mixer. Today, many companies demonstrate such service. Moreover, renting cheap models is quite inexpensive - less than a thousand rubles to rent. With intensive work, you can spend a whole hour working with work. In addition, the presence of a concrete mixer allows you to increase productivity - you no longer need to add sand, cement and pour water, which can be easily removed by the finished product, which just needs to be poured onto the frame, installed in the formwork. It is impossible to achieve such productivity by working with shovels.
After pouring concrete, it is necessary to wait 28 days. In this hour, the concrete will have gained sufficient strength and it will be possible to start working in your home, garage or bathroom.
It is recommended that before watching the video, the civil engineering engineer will inform you about the important nuances of foundation reinforcement. In order to build respect for the crown, he works for us in advance, so that the foundation of the everyday life becomes reliable.
Now you know how to reinforce a strip foundation with your own hands. For whom it is not at all obligatory to have highly specialized skills or to purchase the road to possession. It is enough for the nobility to want to theoretically, as it strengthens the foundation. The proof will come in the process, and all the tools can be replaced with cheap analogues or rented for a pittance per hour.
Is it possible to pour a foundation without reinforcement? Don’t rush to speak negatively. This is the subject of active super-reactions, and the evidence is far from always negative. Today's everyday life is not against such technology.
A foundation without reinforcement appears to be completely inadequate, since the soils on the site are susceptible to crumbling. A string foundation without reinforcement can simply be torn apart when the earth collapses.
Is it possible not to reinforce the strech foundation?
For certain types of soils there is absolutely no need. And the first butt, for which people wanted to have a base on clay, for those areas where most of them will be on burning sticks. As a result, the line base appeared to be broken in many places already in the coming season. as it adds elasticity and elasticity.
A string foundation without reinforcement may result in a reduction in service life for most rainfalls.
What kind of reinforcement is required for a strip foundation?
Most situations require it. There is no alternative. The savings on fittings here are not unreasonable. Moreover, the optimal way to fasten a reinforced frame is by knitting. With the help of a special knitting pattern, you can quickly create a bright and white frame. If the joint is twisted behind additional welding, the structure of the rod is destroyed. Foundation without reinforcement in the process of bond shrinkage, which takes about 5 years, with high reliability. Therefore, saving on frame materials is unacceptable.
Is it possible to pour a foundation without reinforcement?
Technically, it is entirely possible and a lot of work. It’s important to understand exactly how the reinforcement works on the stand in every case. It does not allow the additional forces that develop during the hour of frost heaving to damage the integrity of the base.
This means that the foundation can replace the frame only due to the presence of rocks in the soil. Otherwise it is obligatory.
How can a foundation be built without reinforcement and replaced with other metal?
This is permissible for the Gospodar's budivel or small sporuds, such as parkan. Ale for a living budinka, it’s not possible to tidy up the base.
Some fakhivts indicate on the old days, if there was no reinforcement and the foundation was poured on whatever was at hand, including simple metal beams. However, it is completely wrong to focus on outdated methods of work. Therefore, metal trusses can only be used for small foundations in very stable soils.
How do you reinforce the stritch foundation?
Everything will be kept aside from the final technical shows. If you begin to reinforce the base, then there will be no food. If you wanted to create a special foundation without reinforcement, you should carefully consider the underlying soils and their dynamics over the seasons. It is also necessary to know exactly the technical characteristics of the future building and all its benefits down to the foundation. Only then can you confirm that it is necessary to reinforce the foundation that supports the risk and damage new technologies. The choice for each skin condition is individual.
The foundation yields steadily and meets daily demands. There are countless reasons that lead to the destruction of its integrity and the destruction of the base belt. Therefore, before going to work, it is necessary to accurately analyze the structure of the skin and absorb all the negative factors that are “pressed” onto the basis of the day - this is how you can save your life.
The smallest deformation of the foundation is indicated throughout the entire structure, and it is difficult to convey the nature of the deformation. Possible defects can be better avoided by using advanced technologies and rules for the selection of materials.
Particular care for the foundation of the one who is in search of the eyes. Keep an eye on the indirect signs and make sure to accurately note and recognize them in order to follow the following steps:
There may also be many reasons for the destruction of the integrity of the base:
The territorial and constructive features of a particular everyday life object indicate its importance and reliability for the modern technology of everyday life.
Is it possible to pour a foundation without reinforcement? Don’t rush to speak negatively. This is the subject of active super-reactions, and the evidence is far from always negative. Today's everyday life is not against such technology.
A foundation without reinforcement appears to be completely inadequate, since the soils on the site are susceptible to crumbling. A string foundation without reinforcement can simply be torn apart when the earth collapses.
Is it possible not to reinforce the strech foundation?
For certain types of soils there is absolutely no need. And the first butt, for which people wanted to have a base on clay, for those areas where most of them will be on burning sticks. As a result, the line base appeared to be broken in many places already in the coming season. The reinforcement at the foundation not only provides great strength, but also provides elasticity.
A string foundation without reinforcement may result in a reduction in service life for most rainfalls.
What kind of reinforcement is required for a strip foundation?
Most situations require it. There is no alternative. The savings on fittings here are not unreasonable. Moreover, the optimal way to fasten a reinforced frame is by knitting. With the help of a special knitting pattern, you can quickly create a bright and white frame. If the joint is twisted behind additional welding, the structure of the rod is destroyed. A foundation without reinforcement during the process of bond shrinkage, which takes about 5 years, cracks with a high probability. Therefore, saving on frame materials is unacceptable.
Is it possible to pour a foundation without reinforcement?
Technically, it is entirely possible and a lot of work. It’s important to understand exactly how the reinforcement works on the stand in every case. It does not allow the additional forces that develop during the hour of frost heaving to damage the integrity of the base.
This means that the foundation can replace the frame only due to the presence of rocks in the soil. Otherwise it is obligatory.
This is permissible for the Gospodar's budivel or small sporuds, such as parkan. Ale for a living budinka, it’s not possible to tidy up the base.
Some fakhivts indicate on the old days, if there was no reinforcement and the foundation was poured on whatever was at hand, including simple metal beams. However, it is completely wrong to focus on outdated methods of work. Therefore, metal trusses can only be used for small foundations in very stable soils.
Everything will be kept aside from the final technical shows. If you begin to reinforce the base, then there will be no food. If you wanted to create a special foundation without reinforcement, you should carefully consider the underlying soils and their dynamics over the seasons. It is also necessary to know exactly the technical characteristics of the future building and all its benefits down to the foundation. Only then can one determine whether it is necessary to reinforce the foundation, what is the basis for the risk and the introduction of new technologies. The choice for each skin condition is individual.
Until then
The foundation yields steadily and meets daily demands. There are countless reasons that lead to the destruction of its integrity and the destruction of the base belt. Therefore, before going to work, it is necessary to accurately analyze the structure of the skin and absorb all the negative factors that are “pressed” onto the basis of the day - this is how you can save your life.
The smallest deformation of the foundation is indicated throughout the entire structure, and it is difficult to convey the nature of the deformation. Possible defects can be better avoided by using advanced technologies and rules for the selection of materials.
Particular care for the foundation of the one who is in search of the eyes. Keep an eye on the indirect signs and make sure to accurately note and recognize them in order to follow the following steps:
There may also be many reasons for the destruction of the integrity of the base:
The territorial and constructive features of a particular everyday life object indicate its importance and reliability for the modern technology of everyday life.
stroykarecept.ru
Let me finally understand that it is necessary to reinforce the foundation, and that you can completely do without this heavy reinforcement.
Incredibly possible, even the production of rolled metal began to develop in the mid-19th century. The construction of buildings, fortresses, churches and other objects of the municipal infrastructure took place in much earlier periods, and the architects of these rocks managed without fittings.
For example, the Colosseum has stood for a long time, and in a seismically safe zone, until it was destroyed, due to a number of earthquakes and human factor. And what about the fittings at that hour? The proof is obvious - so, the water fittings did not burn out. During this period, special bronze bonds were put in place to secure the blocks.
I have been and will continue to do so reliably. As it seems among the people, in the past things were fate, and so it remained for centuries.
And, those same ones, the Leninakan earthtruder collapsed near Virmenia in 1988 large number Sporud, although at this hour they were already vikorizing the fittings everywhere during waking hours.
It is true that you should respect that in the same Colosseum, according to the descendants, the foundation was 9 meters deep and 13 meters deep.
The removal of reinforcement cages from the reinforced concrete allowed the construction workers to implement simple engineering solutions according to the construction standards.
Particularly due to the inherently massive everyday life, the fragments of this decision help them save money and pay serious dividends.
In times of private low-surface living, the nutrition lies mainly in the fact that the visible view of the vicorous fittings may be lining, most likely, as the lining will serve design developments, and not just protect your property.
In this case, there is a lot of deposits in the type of soil, including contamination of ground water and other working conditions.
For example, if you have drawn up a project, then there may be a technical and economic assessment (TEC), in which such a technical solution will be praised.
If you look beyond the fall, then note that under residential buildings and other overhead structures (garages, sheds) do not reinforce foundations on rocky and highly elastic types of soil, as well as on non-heaving soils that swell good quality, what you carry.
Practice shows that it is often necessary to reinforce the foundation of a booth, however, as is the case when constructing light structures from wooden beams, chopped logs, shield booths, etc.
Also, it should be noted that on heaving soils (clays, loams, sandy loams, places with high level flooding of groundwater) it is better to carry out reinforcement of the foundation in a binding manner.
Apparently, concrete is classified as a non-plastic material, and can therefore easily crack when stretched.
In the process of flooding into a new uneven environment, the walls will be subject to the forces of frost heaving that are applied to the heaving soil, the foundation of the hut can easily become deformed.
When deformation occurs in concrete, a compression zone appears on one side, and on the other side, a tension zone appears. Where tension is created, cracks may appear. To make this unique, the foundation should be reinforced.
The essence of foundation reinforcement lies in the fact that a steel reinforcement frame is placed in the middle of the concrete-based structure. Metal, unlike concrete, is more resistant to the stretching process and absorbs all the pressure that stretches on itself.
As a matter of fact, how to properly reinforce the foundation for a building in your own case, you can only tell us how to make the necessary adjustments based on the relevant parameters and values (type of soil, type of foundation, depth of foundation, amount of reinforcement, etc.).
If you lay the reinforcement in a slip, then you can save and earn a small reserve of value for the foundation, or lay the reinforcement, which will automatically increase the cost of the foundation through the over-expenditure of materials and increased costs for the construction of the work. birannya frame.
As far as the basic principles of armoring are concerned, we can say this:
1) The optimal position between the reinforcement runners (reinforcement cage frame) lies between 150 and 250 mm, approximately 2 - 3 diameters of the crushed stone fraction.
2) Are you going to make reinforcement? It is better to knit, although SNiP is allowed and welding of fittings. However, not all standard fittings are suitable for welding, so the fittings need to be marked, for example, markings that are worth the letter “C”, which itself means that they are suitable for welding work.
It is better to knit through those that at the time of welding, the reinforcement overheats and wastes time on rupture. So the welding seams themselves are more susceptible to corrosion.
You can use caution on welded metal structures so that you can stand on exposed ground. Irzha appears on them directly in front of the brewing area. Therefore, in this situation, it is better to survive the approaches to ensure additional protection against corrosion.
3) It is important not to abuse scraps of reinforcement. The reinforcement is knitted and welded together overlapping. This value depends on how constructive the work fittings are.
When boiled, the amount of overlap may be a little less. Well, it’s all the same, the shorter the stitches, the more there will be such sticks, which will only lead to over-wetting of the material and an increase in labor intensity, and as a result, it will work.
4) With a wide foundation pad, with the so-called bunk type of foundation, behind its width, in the lower part of the track, lay additional transverse working reinforcement, fragments, reinforcement, which is distributed at 45 degrees, similar to From the walls, there is the creation of the village plots, in which foundation begins to function as a console.
This additional working reinforcement in the lower part of the foundation is required for its achievement.
5) With a rigid foundation scheme, if the foundation is not heavy, then the working reinforcement is not laid, but the structural reinforcement is installed, which serves to secure the later reinforcement in its working position, so that it does not stick out at the time of pouring concrete. The parameters of such fittings cannot be specified.
6) According to the diameter of the reinforcement, it is not possible to determine its significance, so that it is not constructive or functional. This is a mercy. U in various situations And in some places, structural reinforcement can be used as a working function.
7) If you wanted to protect and install reinforcement of a lower value class, for example, instead of reinforcement of class AII, substitute class AI, then use bars of larger diameter or install it more often. Therefore, this option may not result in significant savings, again due to increased labor costs for installation of the frame.
This is the answer to this: how to properly reinforce a strech foundation is the best way to figure out the design of your hut.
Watch this video on the topic of reinforcing the foundation of a hut, for people with practical knowledge of everyday life.
Below you will find a short video about everyday life.
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To increase the value of damage and destruction, concrete must be laid with reinforcement.
One cool fact- Previously, during the existence of private booths, the reinforcement of foundations was rarely, or even rarely, used.
Then there was no such understanding. And the little houses built on the foundations, which had been burnt out from sacrifices, were filled with either alcohol or just water. In this manner, she was strengthened to the point of needlessness. There are plenty of buildings built on such a foundation that stand and are not going to collapse. So, cracks appear on the walls near the surface of the plaster, and cracks appear in the exterior work. If you need to understand that these days were awakened 30-40 years ago, they have already been checked for an hour.
This is a different story - the foundation is solid, well-reinforced, and the buildings on this foundation begin to crack after the first winter.
What am I up to? And before that, what matters most about this fact is not the extent to which the foundation of our booth is built, reinforced, but those on which ground you will have the booth.
It is not safe for anyone to create heaving soil.
Zazvichay tse ґrunt, where there is a lot of clay. Clay has a lot of moisture, in which water accumulates. When wintering, freezing, the ice turns into ice. Ice has a lower thickness than water, so when frozen, the ice is thicker. As a result of this process, such soil becomes dense.
The forces are so great that the buildings will raise a dispute of any size or size.
The axis of this situation will help us reinforce the foundation. With reinforcement, there is a greater chance that the foundation will not be weaker. Well, as I say, no one can give a 100% guarantee for those who lay a well-reinforced foundation against the force of heaving soils.
To protect against swelling of the soil, there are other features - for example, waterproofing of pavement. In this case, we will not sink the log under the foundation. And since there are no vologies, that means there is no swelling.
If the soil is heaving, it is necessary to vikorize the entire complex of dry deposits. That will be the result.
If the soil is not dry, the foundation cannot be reinforced. But we cannot forget about waterproofing of pavement.
dvorika.net
The foundation is a structural element that transmits its impact to the ground. The foundation and soil itself form a single system, which, under the influx of natural and anthropogenic factors of the external environment, creates additional pressure on the foundation. This is due to the influence of the soil, the snow, the pressure of the wind, as well as the pressure that arises during the operation of the alarm system or during the execution of everyday activities.
Wider types of foundations
In practice, small-surface buildings most often use the following types of reinforced concrete foundations, such as fawn, fawn-grillage (the role of a grillage can be played by a monolithic reinforced concrete frame or a monolithic reinforced concrete slab), buried low-depth or low-slung foundation, monolithic slab (flat or ribbed).
The design of the foundation is responsible for ensuring an even distribution of pressure on the lower ground and guaranteeing a minimal change in the position of the foundation and all architectural structures when changing the power of the ground on forget the place. The reason for such changes may be natural factors - drying or watering, freezing or sealing of the soil. The most dangerous for the integrity of reinforced concrete foundations are local soil failures or changes in their authorities, the legacy of which is unequal pressure on the structure.
Steel and concrete
Resistance to concrete up to 50 times compression, less than stretching. In order to increase the durability of concrete structures before stress, due to tension, an increase in structural value was achieved through the use of hardened steel (later – and composite) reinforcement. Steel can be heated without tearing when stretched by 4 to 25 mm, and unreinforced concrete loses its integrity when stretched by 0.2-0.4 mm. Concrete reinforced concrete (concrete reinforced with steel rods) is well suited to the complex of pressure and tension.
The project is the rule
In order for the foundation to have the required characteristics to ensure its integrity, the reinforcement must follow the usual rules. Unfortunately, with independent construction or with construction of a cabin by a team of shabashniks (as there will be cabins without a design and the eye of an architect), reinforced concrete foundations are often reinforced insufficiently or incorrectly. It’s not surprising that on everyday forums on the Internet there is a steady increase in information about concrete foundations that have cracked, and some homeowners are singing about the fact that concrete foundations “may burst” sooner or later.
In one article, it is difficult to know about all the norms and rules for the reinforcement of reinforced concrete foundations. We would like to pay special attention to the mixtures of armour, which often become sharp, which can lead to unnecessary and unsafe results.
Not all fittings are made of metal
From books for summer residents of the Radian period, if in the region there were difficulties with the additions of any kind of viruses, in addition to other people V. I. Lenin, it is a good idea that concrete can be reinforced with any kind of slimy objects - pipes, parts of beds, fence nets. However, not all such hammers have the necessary characteristics to adequately absorb tensile strength and do not protect concrete from deformation and crack formation. Thus, the popular reinforcement of concrete foundations with slats is not recommended due to the detriment of bonding the concrete to the smooth surface of the metal. And the inclusion of aluminum injectors into the concrete warehouse as reinforcement will lead to chemical reactions ruining concrete.
Vidi armaturi
For operational reinforcement of reinforced concrete foundations, it is necessary to stagnate reinforcement of a periodic profile of class A500C, which is welded (letter C means that such reinforcement can be connected with additional welding). When changing to the old class of reinforcement A-III (A400), it will increase by approximately 10%, since reinforcement requires more reinforcement through the lower part of its length during stretching. Such reinforcement will have to be joined together not by welding, but by direct anchoring (fastening the reinforcement in concrete), then by overlapping the rods by an amount that is at least 50 diameters of the reinforcement. The connection of reinforcement of non-welded class (without letter C) to welded materials leads to a local weakening of the metal structure, which is susceptible to damage and rupture of concrete under pressure. The reinforcement is ribbed for a good connection with concrete. Smooth reinforcement is preferably vicorized for additional transverse reinforcement.
Diameter of reinforcement bars for reinforced concrete foundations
The minimum permissible diameter of reinforcement for concrete foundation elements up to 3 m should be 10 mm, and above 3 m – 12 mm. For bored blocks, the minimum diameter of the reinforcement is 12 mm. Late working fittings are to blame for their sheer water diameter. If rods of different diameters become stiff, then rods of larger diameter should be placed at the bottom of the foundation stitches - in the stretching zone.
The required number of bars of later reinforcement and their diameter should lie within the area of the cross-section of the grillage or foundation struts. The total area of the cutting area of the working reinforcement bars may become no less than 0% of the area of the cutting line of the foundation or grillage.
To prepare transverse elements (clamps) for foundation frames with a height of up to 70 cm, reinforcement with a diameter of no less than 6 mm is inserted, and for a foundation cross-cut height of over 80 cm - no less than 8 mm. In underground slopes, the length of installation of transverse reinforcement (clamps) does not have to exceed 50 cm. With a foundation height of more than 70 cm, additional structural reinforcement is required at the side faces to absorb additional pressure - such as settlement What is the expansion - with increasing concrete value and temperature expansion .
Rotating the shears of the reinforcement and the dry ball of concrete
Robochi Brizhni Armaturi guards Rostashovani Jacorto Comfort to the between structures, the maximum of the maximum of the size of the armored reerase to the foundation, Ale at the Tsoma ball concrete, the reinforcement of the reinforcement of the VID Koroziya, was not guilty of Boti Menshim for the singer of the substantive.
In underground falls, the late working reinforcement in concrete must be spread no closer than 70 mm to the edges that are in constant contact with the ground. Also, since the base of the foundation allows for concrete preparation, the drying ball of concrete can be shortened twice - up to 35 mm.
Wider grinding means the unevenness of the spreading of the working reinforcement, which leads to a changeable value of the reinforced cross-section of the foundation. According to the standards of ventilation, the position of the strip reinforcement does not need to be exceeded by 10 mm.
Top of steel reinforcement
The position of the surface of the reinforcement will ensure the strength of the metal and concrete. Vaughn is guilty but free of any “intermediate” balls - brood, sour cream, ice and snow that are spherical. Farbuvati fittings is not possible. It is permissible to use a special epoxy coating because it reduces adhesion to concrete and increases corrosion of metal.
And the axis is amazing, at first glance, the call to water the steel reinforcement several days before installation, so that it rusts, and “concrete sticks to it more strongly,” which is neither a hack nor a sham. For example, in the official comments to the American set of rules for concrete ACI-318-08, paragraph R7.4 says: “The primary surface soil, which is not spherical, increases the force of adhesive reinforcement with concrete. The rusty surface is more easily glued together with cement gel in concrete. If you have anything that is being shaved, you need to delete it.”
Lost steel reinforcement
In many cases, steel reinforcement will have to be assembled for anchoring the reinforcement bars, for making the correct reinforcement of the corners and the adhesion of the strut foundations and grillage frames. Reinforcement of class A-III can be bent in a cold mill without losing the bending value up to 90 degrees. The diameter of the vigin is not less than 6 diameters of the reinforcement.
Connection of string fittings
Is it still necessary to properly connect the reinforcement in the foundation? First of all, the connected fittings will ensure the transmission of rotary forces from one rod, which is being pressed, to another. Current advantages to preserve structural integrity include the presence of at least two damage-free reinforcement contours in areas that are susceptible to tension.
The easiest way is to connect steel reinforcement that is being welded. They are welded with an overlap of at least 10 diameters of the reinforcement bar. And the axle, when connecting non-welded reinforcement with an overlap (direct anchoring), will cause a lot of damage. First of all, the maximum amount of reinforcement required is not less than 50 diameters of the reinforcement. In other words, the jointed reinforcement without welding, overlap does not at all mean physical contact of the reinforcement strips: the strips are not innocently pushing against each other, so that the concrete mix, when laid, can “burst” the reinforcement strips, so join together from all sides and secure Ex. The distance between the rods of the working fittings, which are connected by an overlap, must be no less than 25 mm and no more than 8 mm in diameter.
Armuvannya kutіv i primikan
It is important to reduce labor and waste and it is wrong to understand other publications to reduce the reinforcement of foundation zones with the highest concentration of stress - cut and contact. In popular everyday mythology, an unacceptable form of reinforcement of cutlets and adhesion to the simple intersection of the ends of the reinforcement, twisted with a knitting rod, was born and became firmly established. Such concrete reinforcement threatens the foundation with splitting balls along the width and creates cracks in the corners, since the simple crossbar of the reinforcement “intersections” does not connect to the connections (anchorages), but actually breaks the reinforcement. In this type, the stitch or grillage loses monolithicity, transforming into a structure with adjacent reinforced concrete beams that are united, but not structurally, the fragments of transmission of the force from the shear to the shear in this type are not observed. Proper reinforcement of the cutouts and adhesion with a system of anchoring of string reinforcement with a line of bends or vikoristan anchoring with U-like reinforcement elements (clamps), the amount of which is required to be no less than the width of the stitch or grillage of the foundation (point 1 0-4.5 SP 62.0133 designs").
Roll up to the fakhіvtsіv
Failure to place a foundation before construction, which collapses due to the reasonable internal motive of the forgetter or practitioner to create something “cheaper and better,” will most often lead to problems for the future. As a rule, stinks are associated with expensive repairs or renovation of foundations that have lost their strength, or damaged buildings. The totality of competence, haste and savings during the daily routine often lead to unbearable losses and, as a result, until all the money invested in the daily routine is spent. I suspect that a short look at the armament’s mercy will serve as a drive for the development of the future forgetter to the fakhivtsev or at least to the BNiPiv and the crypt of rules (SP), which will be the basis for any kind of everyday life, now That is why until now everyone is guided by those “as developed by the neighbor "
stroymanual.com
Any intelligent architect will tell you that installing reinforcement in the middle of concrete load-bearing structures is not a complicated procedure. Without properly installed reinforcing mesh, a concrete structure will quickly collapse or become much weaker.
Moreover, reinforcement helps to promote the value not only of foundations, but of various types of screeds, paving and other additional elements, which may also require a sufficient reserve of value.
This article will examine the methods and technology of reinforcing various types of foundations with your own hands, obviously up to the current SNIP, and will introduce related schemes and necessary developments. You will also learn how to correctly install the reinforcement technology around the cabin, the structure and what equipment is needed for it.
Read also: technology of foundation slab reinforcement.
First, let’s take a look at the diagram and technology of reinforcement of a string foundation for a booth, which is the most popular in our area. During the operation of the booth, the string foundation can withstand a large number of different pressures:
The soils are too weak to the point of being worn out, they have sunk, and are the main enemy of any foundation, since their collection increases, as a result of which the foundation needs to be repaired.
Well, in the spring, when the ground waters melt, the water in the ground changes, which provokes subsidence of the foundations, which were not built in accordance with the SNIP technology.
For that, the foundation of your booth is a buff on the navigation of the navigan, with a navigan, hesitated to the yogo a armubovnia, the yake is hard to zbil, the yoga mijob, I paint the buildings, and the Nesae.
All the fragments of tension fall on the concrete beams of the foundation, and the tensile strength falls on the reinforcement, which is placed in the new one, which can effectively reinforce the upper and lower parts of the foundation.
For example, SNiP does not transfer the reinforcement of the middle section of the foundation beams, and the stench fragments do not pose a serious threat. In this part of the foundation, the reinforcement is placed just beyond the frame of the clamp supports.
Read also: steps and rules for laying foundation blocks.
To create a reinforcement cage, it is necessary to use corrugated reinforcement of class A3, produced using hot-rolled technology, with a diameter of 10-15 mm. For vertical jumpers, smooth reinforcement A1 with a diameter of 6-8 millimeters is used.
The gap between the vertical jumpers when reinforcing a monolithic foundation should be at least 25 cm. To connect the reinforcement, a knitting thread is used. The frame is recessed into the middle of the concrete beams by at least 5 cm.
It is very important to ensure that the reinforcement for the foundation is correct - so that the quality of the work carried out meets BNiP standards. SNiP does not allow it to be cut in such an overlapping way, since such a connection of the cutouts will not provide the necessary lining of the structure.
The pale-yellow foundation is widened widely, but also often narrows. Reinforcement of the foundation from fingers some particularities. Reinforcement of the finger foundation is necessary in two situations:
The reinforcement of the screw bases is not bent, just like the hammered concrete pins, which already leave the factory reinforced and ready for use.
Read also: how and why to carry out dynamic testing of fingers?
From the very beginning, we are mowing to reinforcement of drilled type pins. And now let’s start with the analysis, final analysis of all necessary materials and selection of working equipment.
Any reinforcement that will be required for reinforcement of bored rods must be finished and primed at the designed height and diameter of the rods.
For the butt, we cut out the dimensions of metal or plastic reinforcement necessary for reinforcing the foundation with sixteen drilled pins, the distance between which is 200 cm, the height of one pillar is 200 cm, and the diameter is 2 0 cm
For the reinforcement of 2-meter curls, we need reinforcement rods 2.35 m high. 200 cm of these will go to the underground column, and 35 centimeters will go to the connected pallet and beams to the grillage. According to the requirements of SNiP, several reinforcement bars are installed on one drilled column, which are connected into one frame.
Based on the stated data, the following is the size: for one drilled block there is 4 * 2.35 = 9.4 meters of corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm. The back half of the reinforcement, as it goes to the foundation, adds up: 16 * 9.4 = 150.4 meters.
It is also necessary to develop the structure of the knitting frame, or the reinforcement of smooth reinforcement of small diameter, with the help of which the rods will be joined into one frame. There are two types of welding of the reinforcement frame, compatible with SNiP - jointing with additional welding, and the other with additional knitting.
It is best to work with your own hands using a knitting tool and a stitch for knitting reinforcement, as this will give the frame greater value and durability to dynamic strength.
The reinforcement frame for the pallet is connected in three places, with one connection having 3.14*20 = 62.8 cm of knitting distance, and three connections having 1.9 meters. Coming from this, we carefully consider the size of the required knitting length: 1.9*16=30.4 meters.
If you plan to install reinforcement on the sole of the expanded pallet, then the quantity of corrugated reinforcement must be increased by 10-15%;
Zhodne dodatkove obladnannya There is no need for reinforcement of drilled pins; everything must be hammered with your own hands. You will need more standard equipment for plastering a bored foundation with a grillage - a shovel, drill, concrete mixer, scraper, or a wheelbarrow for transporting concrete.
We first finish drilling the drilled part under the pallet, and, once the base is finished, it is expanded and given its final shape. Next, the casing pipe is anchored into the bore (there are ways to protect it at this stage - for example, twisting the roofing material twisted with your own hands as the casing has fallen).
To create a drilled paste of greater value, it is recommended to strengthen the concrete, for which special vibrating machines are used, otherwise you can do it with your own hands using additional plastering.
Now we have great respect for similar robots, which are also associated with a significant grillage. It also plays an important role in the creation of a stable foundation.
