1 Science-based work "Ah, cі bacteria!" Vikonav: Rєznik Artem Oleksiyovich, student of the 3rd class of the MBOU "Secondary Indigenous Lighting School 13", Kaluga
2 2 ЗМІST Intro... 3 Chapter 1 Theoretical part of Bacteria and microorganism Classification of bacteria Bacteria and humans Shkіdlivі bacterії... 6 Chapter 2 Practical part Preparing minds for planting bacteria Posіvі bacterії tse poderezhennya... 7 Head of school 3 Questionnaire. 8 Visnovok... 9 Bibliography Appendices... 11
3 3 From the very childhood of the father to tell us about those who need a hand, it is impossible to pull them at the mouth and lick microbes. Who are microbes? It appears, that's what they call bacteria. A bacterium is a living organism. Vcheni have revealed traces of bacteria, for over 4 billion years. Nine scientists have described 10,000 species of bacteria, but in nature there are significantly more. The meta of my work: search, analysis and analysis of information about different types bacteria. Vidpovіdno to the point in the given doslіdzhennі, I put so zavdannya. Tasks for follow-up: 1. Find out from different sources the necessary information about bacteria. 2. Z'yasuvati, yakі buvayut bacteria (see, form, category). 3. Recognize the impact of bacteria on the life of a person. 4. Conduct tests to identify friendly minds of bacteria reproduction. 5. Conduct a survey of students of the third grades of our school with the method of expressing their thoughts about how to achieve special hygiene. 6. Zrobiti visnovok about the measles and shkoda of bacteria and the need to maintain the rules of hygiene. Hypothesis: it can be assumed that for different minds the number of colonies of bacteria can be different. The urgency of my work lies in the fact that it is necessary to give serious respect to bacteria in the minds of an unfriendly person to people dovkilla.
4 4 Follow-up methods: - selection and analysis of information; - knotted wicker material; - questioning; - Caution. Chapter 1 Theoretical Part 1.1 Bacteria and Microorganisms and Microscopic Organisms visible people play a great role in yoga life and nature. Most of them bring misery. The stench take part in molded structures and native soils, in established brown copalins and ruined dead surpluses of roslin and creatures, in over-etched hedgehogs and creatures. But, unfortunately, among the bacteria there are sickness. When it enters the body, the stench calls out in people that creatures are different (often more severe) sickness. Bacteria are still not completely vaccinated, as if they were not vaccinated to the end of them, pouring on us and the most necessary light. Bacteria are revealed in a streak: near drops of the purest pearl water, at grains of the soil, at the surface, on skele, near the polar snows, sands of desert, on the bottom of the ocean, near the naphtha and near hot water The stench lingers on roslins, fruits, in various creatures and in people in the intestines, empty mouths, tips, body surfaces. The stench even vitrival that stuck to the minds of different minds.
5 5 1.2 Classification of bacteria Even though the bacteria are even smaller, they can be distinguished visually with the help of a microscope (Appendix fig. 1). One of the widest classifications of these microorganisms is the classification by form (Supplement Fig. 2). Name the species to resemble the geometric shapes of bacteria: Microbes with the name "coca" look like a bag or like a deyak a bunch of okremy bags, like going about a colony. Batsili look like a cylindrical seal, sticks of various lengths and widths. The name "spirula" is about those who can rightly see the bacterium at the sight of the spiral. Vibrios are called bacterial microorganisms, they look like Komi. All the bacteria that live in the middle of us and the most important, beyond the level of unsafeness for a healthy person, can be divided into two categories: - bad health people; - yakі bring misfortune to people and to the navkolishny world. Navit ti, as mentally safe for a person, can become a threat to lower immunity. And they also use such bacteria, which are even more unsafe. The stench calls out impersonal deadly diseases, infects animals, birds, ribs and plants. 1.3 Bacteria and people We have already sorted out with you, like bacteria, they look like stench, that they can work. Now varto talk about those yaka їх
6 6 the role of the life of a modern person. First of all, it’s too rich to beat the miraculous vigor of lactic acid bacteria. Without these microorganisms, our diet would not have had kefir, yogurt, or syrah. Krym tsgogo, similar costs for the sourdough process (for bread). At to the rural state Bacteria vikoristovuyut podvіyno. From one side, the stench helps to help the undesirable weeds (phytopathogenic organisms, like herbicides), from the other side of the coma. Vikoristovuyut bacteria in other areas. For the help of micro-organisms, enrichment of ores and purification with water and soil is carried out. For the children of the dosledniks, the middle of the body, there are close to a kilogram of these microorganisms! Yakby on earth didn’t have bacteria that screamed rot, our planet step by step crept in with excesses of dead growths and creatures that didn’t open up. And the germs of the bacteria rotting and the surpluses do not only disappear, and all the speeches are constantly turning in the soil, from which the bodies of the dead roslin and creatures were formed. Turning to the ground, this speech is the material for new generations of growing up and creatures. We are stuck everywhere by disease-causing bacteria. According to statistics, the largest number of colonies are found on the handles of supermarkets, they are followed by computer mice in an Internet cafe, and only in the third place of the handle of a community. 1.4 Shkіdlivі bacterії Previously, we talked with you about those who are like bacteria. You see, the names of the widest microorganism were named
7 7 earlier. Let's talk about the "one-celled enemies" of people. Otzhe, first of all, we know about the peculiarities of disease-causing bacteria. Їhnya golovna zbroya against us tse toksini. For the help of such speeches, the stinks are opened by cells of organisms. The diversity of bacteria is explained to the diversity of the creaturely world. And so, scho shkidli less than people, є mortally unsafe for creatures chi roslyn. People have learned how to make vicorists of the remains, zokrema, for the downfall of the weeds and stubborn clods. The first one will be buried in those who are shkidlivy bacteria, the varto is distinguished by the ways of their wideness. And there are too many of these. Microorganisms, yakі are transmitted for help of infected and non-mite products, by means of contact routes, through water, soil, or for help by bites in clods. Naigirshe, more than one clitin, having consumed the human body from a friendly environment, can multiply for more than a few years to a few million bacteria.
8 8 Chapter 2 The practical part 2.1 Preparing minds for growing bacteria We vikoristovuvali special laboratory glassware Petri dishes. The stinks have placed a life-giving medium for the quickening of the growth of bacteria. The best way to use vicory is to use broth, gelatin and agar-agar. We prepared the life-giving medium on the basis of agar-agar in the following way: in 60 ml of water, mix half a teaspoon of agar powder. Rozchin needs to be brought to a boil and new clarity. Cool the troch and pour into cups with a thin ball, which slightly covers the bottom. 2.2 Sowing bacteria and further warning After that, like a life-giving medium in cups, I started sowing bacteria, just rubbing it with my hands. First two cups with brudish hands. One of them was kept at room temperature, and the other one was placed in the refrigerator, to marvel at the influence of the temperature of the superfluous medium on the rate of reproduction of bacteria. Let me sweat my hands with the greatest sweetness and anoint the cups with clean hands. At the fourth cup, antibacterial zasib was dripped additionally, purchases in the pharmacy. The cups of Petri were poured out at room temperature, so that the equalization of the chi helped the hands to sprout bacteria. On paper they indicated the numbers of the cups, the date of planting, wash the planting and save:
9 9 1 brudni hands, dosvіd at room temperature; 2 brudnі hands, dosvіd at the refrigerator; 3 clean hands, dosvіd at room temperature; 4 clean hands + antibacterial zasib, dosvid at room temperature. Sowing was done on 23 leaf fall 2016 (Supplement Fig. 3). The first results of the appearance of the first colonies of bacteria in the cup of Petri 1 (breast hands, dosvіd at room temperature) we succumbed to 28 leaf fall. My bags were lifted on December 10, 2016 (Supplement Fig. 4). As a result, we have pointed out that the chest of the hand at a comfortable (room) temperature is an excellent medium for the growth of colonies of bacteria. Vodnochas, on clean hands, navit without vikoristannya antibacterial agents, and at room temperature, the number of bacteria is less abundant and does not pose a threat to the health of that person's life. Chapter 3 post school We conducted a questionnaire (Supplement) among the students of the third grades of our school with the method of evaluating their level to bacteria and ways to protect them. Bulo fed 72 individuals. A lot of learning, how to fill out a questionnaire, to know what bacteria are. Less than 6 people were negatively affected. Based on the results of the survey, more children know what the average bacteria is. Do not know about tse 14 osib (Additional Diagram 1). From questionnaires we found out that among 72 students of the third class: 66 people are respected for the necessary cleanliness; 64 individuals respect for the necessary frequent hand washing; 63 individuals respect fruits and vegetables for the necessary goodness;
10 10 58 people to know that it is impossible to take fingers and foreign objects to the mouth; 58 people care that you can't grizzle nothing (Appendix Diagram 2). The diagrams show that most of the students of the third grades of our school understand the need to improve the rules of hygiene. However, not all lads understand that it is necessary to look at shkіdlivih zvichka grizzly nіgtі and take fingers and third-party objects to the mouth. Visnovok Reading the literature about bacteria, I'm sharing the visnovka, which needs to be understood, that people are inseparable from that bacteria. The stench can be like enemies and friends. My research has shown that among bacteria it is as corny as it is unsafe for humans. Building bacteria survive in different minds navkolishny middle and penetrate into the body of a person, zavdayuchi shkodi. That is why our fathers make a ration, that they often take us in hand, do not greasy nails, strive for cleanliness.
11 11 Bibliography 1. Biological encyclopedic dictionary / ch. ed. M.S. Gilyarov. M: Radianska Encyclopedia, p. 2. Child Encyclopedia. For the middle and older age. / 2nd view. M.: "Osvita", U 12 volumes. Volume 4. Roslini and Creatures. 3. What is it? Who is this. Child encyclopedia in 3 volumes. 2nd view. M.: AST, Tom Molecular biology: assistant / A. S. Konichev, G. A. Sevastyanova. - M.: Academy, p. : il. - (Vishcha osvita). 5. Ustinova A.A., Ilyina V.M., Shishova T.K. Microbiology: Posіbnik to take practical. Samara: View of PSGA, p. Vidannya 4th, vipr. that dod.
12 12 Additive Small. 1 Starry look bacteria
13 13 Small Fig. 2 Form bacteria Fig. 3. Seeding bacteria in 4 Petri dishes Fig. 4. Moment of attack
14 14 Questionnaire for students of the 3rd class 1. Do you know about the basis of bacteria? so no 2. Can bacteria be brown? so no 3. Where do you think bacteria can live? 4. What rules should be followed in order to get rid of infection with ailments that are called by bacteria? - improve cleanliness - wash your hands more often - kindly miti fruits and vegetables - do not take your fingers and foreign objects to your mouth - do not grieve any of the educators to know what bacteria to know, what to be good bacteria Diagram 1
15 it is necessary to keep cleanliness it is necessary to wash hands more often it is necessary to kindly mitigate fruits and vegetables it is not possible to take fingers into the mouth and foreign objects cannot be grimaced Diagram 2
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Moscow competition
last one creative projects
young schoolchildren
“WHAT? ZVIDKI? WHAT?
Nomination: "Healthy people and that її protection"
Robot name:"Bacteria in human life"
Viconal's robot: Yulia is waiting.
Misce vikonannya: metro Cherkessk
MKOU ZOSH No. 4, 4 "A" class
Kerivnik: Makltsova L.P.
CHERKESSK 2014
Intro.
Main part:
1. What is bacteria?
2. Form bacterial cells.
3. The role of bacteria in life.
4. Microbiological research.
Visnovok.
List of literature.
Addendum (presentation "Bacteria in human life")
Intro.
Our planet Earth is inhabited by various living organisms. I got clogged with bacteria. From the lessons of this world, I learned about those that bacteria can live in the soil, water, ground, on the body of a person and inspire the middle of it. We often feel "Brudni hands - dzherelo ailment." I tried to find out how bacteria “live” on our little bones and how stench can spill into our health. To carry out the investigation, I needed to recognize:
1. What is bacteria.
2. Vivchiti forms of bacterial cells.
3. Understand the role of bacteria in life.
4. Carry out microbiological follow-up.
To carry out the study, I turned for help to my classmates, the stench was good enough to build a snake from my own hands. And also my aunt helped me, as she works in the laboratory. In addition, I needed to see some articles in the encyclopedia and find out the information I need on the Internet.
Main part.
What is bacteria?
Look at all the things that bacteria linger on your hands. But what about the bagmen, which ones didn’t they ask for? Cicavo bacchi їх on the vlasnі eyes і frighten, skіlki їх.
Bacteria are the simplest, most common and most extensive organisms that have been found on earth for over 2 billion years. Bacteria on the flooring are in the form of other living organisms, which are seen in a special kingdom. The whole world is not so rich in space, free of bacteria. The stench lives by the water, the soil, the surface, the stench on the surface of the body of the creature and the roslin.
2. Form bacterial cells.
In laboratories, bacteria grow on a special living medium. Millions of bacteria produce colonies of various colors and shapes. Behind the form of the bacterium, a sprat group is divided.
Active bacteria make the shape of a bag and are called coca. Z cokiv utvoryuetsya lanzyuzhok - streptococcus.
Under the magnification of the microscope, you can see the garni of the crown from the cokiv. This is not a safe staphylococcus aureus. The bacilli are even broader and have a stick-like shape.
If a bacterium is similar to anyone, or if I bend a stick, then they call it a vibrio.
And the spirals are still trapping. Spirals are similar to vibrioni, but doubly and trochs are converging.
3. The role of bacteria in life.
From the course of the modern world, we know that there are bad bacteria and corny bacteria.
As bacteria drink milk, the stench can prepare us a rich variety of products.
If we ask them to cook cabbage, then we will use sauerkraut.
In addition, colibacillus bacteria live in our intestines and help to over-etch the hedgehog.
I was far away to know that the bacteria are vicorous:
For the manufacture of medical preparations.
To fight against the rural poor.
For purification of waste water.
Ale, bacteria are also germinating, yak psyut products, then the products are taken from the refrigerator, salted and marinated.
Deyakі vidi bakterіy vyklikayut serjoznі zahvoryuvannya in people, creatures and roslin. I recognized that the disease-causing bacteria and the rotting bacteria vibrate the rotten speech, as if they could exterminate the organism of a human being and a creature.
4. Microbiological research.
Older ones seem to say: "Wash your hands," but their children will listen and shy in their own way.
I wanted to spend a lesson in the classroom and let my classmates know that microbes live on their hands.
I brought to school from the laboratory sterile test tubes with 10 ml of distilled water and swabs that are in them. She laid a wadded tampon and crushed the snake, rubbing the surface of both hands. After the test, the tampon was placed in a test tube and taken to the microbiological laboratory. There, my aunt made a test on Petri dishes with a special life-saving solution, and then put it in a thermostat at a temperature of 37 degrees. After 48 years, the appearance of the colonies of microorganism has grown. In order to encourage micro-organisms to live on our hands, we were given smear preparations. We looked at smears under a microscope and determined the shape of microbes and their size.
Follow-up results.
Learn
Total microbial number (DIU/ml)
Equity at %
Nemiti hands
Hands miti z cute
Dima
Mariyka
Alina
Zhenya
According to the results of the table, bachimo, that in the serpents from the breasts of the hands, colonies of cocives, sticks and flowers were revealed. And after the solemn mitt of hands with a cute number of bacteria, the number of bacteria changed by about twice.
Visnovok.
For the results of my follow-up, I expanded memo:
It is necessary to raise your hands in front of him, if you come from the streets, if you collide with creatures, because impersonal bacteria accumulate on them.
It is necessary to take care of special hygiene, splintered hands - one of the easy ways to get bacteria into our body.
It is necessary to eat fruits and vegetables before hedgehog.
Sliding for the term of appurtenance of goods.
In the period of epidemics, contact with possible carriers of infections.
And I also want to know you with facts on the topic of my work:
The great vaga of bacteria that live in the body of a person, become two kilograms.
A company of people has about 40,000 bacteria.
Until the end of the first, make life in the body of a newly born child alive 12 species of bacteria.
I am sure, my mission is to help these lads more often establish the rules of special hygiene. For respect.
List of literature:
Encyclopedia "Living World". Vidavnitstvo "Rosmen" 1995
Encyclopedia "History of opinions". Vidavnitstvo "Rosmen" 2003
Encyclopedia "Mystery of Living Nature". Vidavnitstvo "Rosmen" 2000
Navkolishniy svіt. Auth. T.Ivchenkova.
Internet resources.
Back forward
Respect! The forward review of the slides is scored solely for the purpose of learning and may not give notice about all the possibilities of the presentation. Like you got hooked by this robot, be kind, zavantazhte povnu version.
Meta follow up: vivchiti especially zhittєdіyalnostі bacteria; learn about ailments that are called by bacteria and their prevention.
follow-up methods:
Hid busy
Intro.
The 5th class started a new subject - biology. The chapter "Kingdom of Bacteria" and I was blamed for nutrition:
Why are bacteria, which are easily germinated by microscopic, single-celled organisms, so vital?
How do you know how to spriyat a wide range of disease-causing bacteria and how do you come to preventive measures?
Theoretical part
Previously, bacteria were examined by an optical microscope and described by the Dutch naturalist Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1676. Like all microscopic sources, he called them “animalcules”.
The name "bacteria" in vvіv u vytok Khristian Erenberg u 1828 roci.
Louis Pasteur, in the 1850s, began to study the physiology and metabolism of bacteria, as well as the curves of their ailing power.
A further development of medical microbiology was found in the practice of Robert Koch, who formulated the fundamental principles for the treatment of illnesses (Koch's postulates). At 1905 vin buv awards Nobel Prize for the follow-up of tuberculosis.
The culturing of bacterial cells began with the vineyard of an electron microscope at the turn of the 20th century.
The organism of bacteria is formed from a single cell. Klitina tsya vlashtovana zovsіm іnakshe, nizh kіtini roslin, creatures and mushrooms. If they contain cells with numerous partitions (membranes) on special openings, where the processes of breathing, life, photosynthesis, etc., take place, then the bacterium "rozgorodzhuvannya" is in the very stage of the germ. Naygolovnіsha vіdminnіst - bacterium has a nucleus. Other features - no mitochondria and plastids. DNA in bacteria is located in the center of the cell, folded into a chromosome. In order to "unwind" the DNA of the bacterium, the length will be close to 1 mm.
Bacteria cells for friendly minds multiply quickly, dividing in two. If the clitina is subdued by skin pivgodini, then I will get it to give naschadkiv. And some bacteria grow more rapidly.
І one more cіkava zdatnіst bacteria. In unfriendly minds, they can often turn into supergirls. Such superworts become alive dozens and hundreds of rokiv, and in vinyatkovy vypadki navit milyoni rokiv.
The peculiarities of bacteria allow them to survive for any minds.
Fallow in the form of clitin, bacteria are divided into sprat groups: kulyas - coca, stick-like - bacili chi sticks, spiral-like - spirals, at looking Komi - vibrioni.
Human ailments caused by bacteria
Bacterial infection is one of the most common illnesses of people. Before such ailments, one can include deacons of pneumonia (streptococcus algae), Siberian sibirka (album siberian bacillus), cholera (vibrion cholera), tuberculosis (a bug - tuberculosis wand (Koch's bacillus), plague (album).
"Black death" in ancient times and in the Middle Ages was called tsiu twig, as it inspired people with panic. At VI Art. the plague epidemic hit 100 million people. The active powers, for example, the Byzantine Empire, may have been completely depopulated.
From 1346 to 1351, 24 million people perished - a quarter of the population of that Europe. Rozpoviddu about the plague epidemic in 1348. The Italian writer of the era of the Renaissance of Giovanni Boccaccio begins his book "The Decameron": "On the cob of ailment in men and women, they showed like plumes under incense, which grew to the size of a magnificent apple or eggs; people called them buboes. short hour This deadly puff was widened on other parts of the body, and then the signs of the appointed ailments were changed into black and crimson patches that appeared on all parts of the body. It seemed that they didn’t help against these ailments, and they didn’t bring the bark and joy of the doctor, nor the strength of the faces ... they didn’t help against her, neither the wisdom, nor the permissiveness of the people. Mayzhe all died on the third day after the appearance of a significant sign.
At the XX century. Plague epidemics have practically ceased to threaten people. What happened? Obviously, the planned fight against these diseases has played its role. Maizhe has risen, streaked with a blind eye, black smurf, Fleas yakoї served as carriers of illness. Ale, nevertheless, is an exact test and the exact evidence for food, which caused the plague epidemics, has not yet been found.
Cholera is often compared with the plague - through її shvidkoplinnist that lethality. In Europe, cholera bula was brought only close to 1816. from India, de bula vіdoma from the most recent hours. In Russia until 1917 over 5 million people fell ill with cholera, and half of them perished.
Until the end of the XX century. Epidemic cholera zavdyaki prophylactic began to dosing rіdkіsnimi. At this time, we live in the era of the 7th pandemic. For Russia, the problem remains relevant, the epidemic situation is assessed as unsustainable.
Prevention of cholera
So, like cholera "of the sickness of the gross hands," it is necessary systematically to take hands before the skin application, and at the same time do not stick with unmitigated hands to the mucous membranes of the mouth. Miti's hands are less hot water. The products need to be trimated for the protection of flies and coma. Sanitary and hygienic newcomers are the main zbroya in the fight against cholera.
TUBERCULOSIS.
Evil symptoms of tuberculosis legenia (dryness) - weakness, backache, and in case of illness, which has gone far, and hemoptysis - were known to the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt and people who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. They saw the evidence of their remains.
For a long time and in the Middle Ages, there was a belief that crowned individuals can turn tuberculosis with their dot. English King Charles II XVII century. bumped more lower 90 yew. sick. A fee was charged for the “jubilation”, which went to the royal treasury.
Less than in the nineteenth century. first tuberculosis sanatoriums appeared. Ale, the fight against disease began after the discovery of tuberculosis bacteria by Robert Koch in 1882.
Tuberculosis is not overpowering enough and today. In the vast Radyansk Union, tuberculosis has become a breeding ground for tuberculosis and camps, and many of them are infected with ailments. Tuberculosis is a social infection. “The better the population, the more often they get sick with tuberculosis”
Tuberculosis prevention
For newborn children, BCG vaccination is required. Then, according to the stage of their growing up, to carry out obov'yazkovu (skin 8-12 months) staging of the Mantoux reaction. The place of residence should be chosen from dry, well-lit places. The apartment is systematically cleaned and aired.
Ways of transmission of disease-causing bacteria
Povitryano-reddish path;
Handwriting;
Items will be pobuted;
The water is contaminated;
Carriers of illness are rodents, fleas, ticks, lice, great horned thinness.
Volodymyr Mayakovsky sings, who took on the work of agitation, navit, writing roses and explanations to a poster dedicated to the fight against cholera : “Gromadian!
Sob don't die from cholera,
zazdalegid live such visits.
Don't drink orphan water.
I drink water only boiled.
So do not drink kvass on the streets.
Boil water - roboti masa.
To catch up with your kvass early,
just prepare yogo z-pid of the crane...”
How do you get sick on a bacterial infection
With the development of a bacterial infectious process one of the first symptoms will be fever. Fever - a healthy reaction to the body, oskolki body temperature up to 39 degrees stimulating the work of the immune system. If the body temperature rises more than 39 degrees, it is necessary to take paracetamol with additional paracetamol, side by side, with antibiotics (lower body temperature for a period of 24-48 years on the cob of antibiotic therapy is a sign of a correctly administered antibacterial drug).
The last manifestation of a bacterial infectious process is the syndrome of intoxication. It manifests itself in poor self-confidence, apathy, lowered mood, headaches, pains in the m'yazah and swamps, possibly boredom, vomitting thinly. To relieve these symptoms, it is necessary to drink plenty of warm water (not less than 2 liters per day). Too much water to dilute the toxins of bacteria, lowering their concentration, and also remove some of them from the section.
These two signs of bacterial inflammation are universal for almost all infections. All other signs are associated with the characteristics of a particular bug, exotoxins and other factors of aggression.
Immunity- Resistance to the body to a foreign agent, zocrema, to bacteria.
Human immunity protects our body forever and ever.
Head of immunity of the people know the bacteria that have entered the body, as well as their toxins.
To prevent infection with certain bacterial ailments, splitting is carried out. When you introduce weakened health workers into the body of a healthy person, or wipe it off, as if you see the stench. The organism creates special speeches, which help the distant split human to get infected with disease-causing bacteria.
Practical part
It is necessary to say that in the rest of the hour there is a “recovery” of bacterial infections by viruses, but their significance does not cease to be relevant. So, for example, in 90-year-olds, “calming down” that diphtheria does not register, the number of splintering of the infection has decreased, as a result - an increase in the incidence of illness, the spread of infection and the death of these infections, which could be fatal. Among bacterial infections, the greatest place to plant intestinal infections:
Illness on bacterial infections in the country
| № | ailments | Vipadki | Cause | Prevention |
| 1. | Cholera | 1994 rіk - Chechen Republic, 415 votes; 2005 rіk - Rostov region; 2006 rіk - Murmansk region; 2008 rіk - Bashkiria; 2010 rіk - Moscow. |
Change of social and economic minds: bizhentsi, tourism, pilgrims; deterioration of the environmental situation - filthy water | - Polypshennya yakosti water Purification, sewerage of the population; Suvoriy looked after the robot of the hromada eating, like a product, sick robots; Dotrimannya rules of special hygiene; Veterinary animal control |
| 2. | typhoid fever | Infection fluctuations are constantly registered in Russia | Migration, an unfinished camp for the purification of the population of the city; filthy water supply, community food | |
| 3. | Dysentery Salmonellosis | Non-compliance with the rules of special hygiene, containment of contaminated products | ||
| 4. | Tuberculosis | In the rest of the years, the number of new vipads is steadily growing | Social - the viability of the population | - early immunization of newborns; Statement of Mantoux reaction to all children; Fluorography (older population) |
How do you deal with bacterial infections in our area? What are the causes of that prevention? I found out about this from the doctor - the infectious disease specialist of the territorial office of the Rosspozhivnaglyadu near the Valdai district of Guseva Natalia Tomivna.
Illness for bacterial infections by region
| Khvoroba | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| area | region | |||||||||||||||||
| abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | per 100 yew | abs | ||
| dysentery | 9 | 59,4 | 5 | 33,0 | 5 | 34,0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| salmonellosis | - | - | - | - | 2 | 13,7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 23,7 | 1 | 8,0 | ||
| Scarlet fever | 1 | 6,6 | - | - | 15 | 103,2 | 3 | 20,6 | 7 | 49,2 | 4 | 28,7 | - | - | 1 | 8,0 | ||
| Diphtheria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | |
| Whooping cough | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 21,5 | - | - | - | - | 7221 | |
| Meningococcal infection | 1 | 6,6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 7,2 | - | - | 1 | 8,0 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 9 | 59,4 | 3 | 19,8 | 7 | 48,1 | 9 | 61,9 | 10 | 70,3 | 11 | 79,0 | 4 | 31,6 | 3 | 24 | ||
It can be seen from the diagrams that for the remaining 5 years there were no cases of contracting dysentery and diphtheria (although 7 cases were recorded in the region in 2012). Meningococcal infection (a lethal flu), salmonellosis and scarlet fever are constantly recorded. But the most important is the increase in the number of new cases of ailments for tuberculosis and the average number of ailments, which are widely registered, in our district become 6-7 cases.
In the rest of the hour, a lot of fathers appeared, as if they were working for the children of splitting, they themselves inflicting their children on a fatal illness, and also inflicting on the illness of those other children. It is reliable that a decrease in illness can only be possible due to the high level of immunization of the population - 99%, in 2012 the incidence for all infections in our district decreased to 94%.
The creation of this study allowed me to develop the skills of work with supplementary literature, to conduct a study, to bring the results of the study to a minimum.
At the end of the vikonannya doslidnitskoy work, I made a visnovka:
1) bacterial infection dosi є one of the most common diseases;
2) in order to protect yourself from bacteria, it is necessary to follow the rules of special hygiene, there are no small fruits and vegetables, do not drink unboiled water, get used to fresh food, and, of course, do not forget to wash your hands often.
3) with the advancement of prevention of bacterial infections and immunization of the child and adult population.
Practical value the work of those who take materials can win for an hour of lessons in biology while taking those "Bacteria" for an hour of after-hours.
LITERATURE
1. Borisov L.B. that in. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. M: Medicine, 1994.
2. Vasiliev K.G. Segal A.Y. History of epidemics in Russia. M: Medgiz, 1960.
3. Likum A. Child encyclopedia "Everything about everything". M: AST, 2008.
4. Galpershtein L.Ya. My first encyclopedia. ROZMEN, 2007.
5. Child encyclopedia "I know the world". Medicine. M: Astrel, 2006.
6. Internet resources (illustration of materials before presentation)
Olga Gil
Doslednitskaya work on the topic: "Microorganisms, how to alienate us"
Last job
on topic:
« Microorganisms, yakі us otosuyutsya»
Viconav's robot:
Liba Artem 6 years
Kerivnik:
Gil O. P.
Entry
I often smell the sight of my father in the same food, if I sit down to eat, I come from walks, I turn around cage: Are you waving your hands? Batki dbayut and accustom us to the cleanliness of our hands, more on our hands microbes.
Axis I and virishiv more knowledge about organisms, yaki mi do not bachimo but we often talk about them.
meta mogo follow-up: find out what it is microorganism; korisnі chi shkіdlivі microorganism.
manager:
Vivchit and analyze information about microorganism;
Carry out an experiment microorganisms
Object follow-up: microorganism
Item follow-up: korist ta skoda vіd microorganism.
Hypothesis: Yakscho microbes zavdyat shkodi zdorov'yu, then microorganism they are less shkidlivy.
methodi follow-up:
Analysis of literature, materials on the Internet;
Experiment.
main part
In the course doslіdzhennya I want to say, what is microorganism set up their misfortune and misfortune for us; conduct experiments that are allowed to reveal microorganism; provide recommendations about those, how to protect yourself from shkіdlivih microbes.
What is microorganism? From the literature, I found out about the quotes about the opinion microorganism. It's an hour, if you remember yourselves, what are the least living things in the world - that's fleas! It didn’t fall on anyone’s mind that he instructed us, in the middle of that navkolo we have a majestic light "invisible". Vcheni v_dkryli tsey marvelous world for help microscope, cotriy strongly zbіshuvav analіzovanі subject. I didn’t believe it right away! Ale potim perekonalis. I named the representatives of this world microbes and microorganisms(Type of Greek word « micros» - Small). Microorganisms(microbes) - invisible to the invisible eye of the organism of the dewy and creaturely adventure. Invisible, scarlet. Microbi- The help of the invisible rulers of the Earth. Vcheni installed, scho microbes the Earth appeared earlier in the form of other living organisms. Microorganisms split into pieces group Key words: bacteria, yeasts, flowering fungi, viruses.
Golovne Misce mid microbes are occupied by bacteria. Vіd tsikh bacteria, one might say, is rich in what to deposit all our earthly life. bacteria live everywhere: near the ground and on the ground, near the water and near the soil, near the roslin, and the creature in the people.
Skoda is a meanness microbes. Active bacteria, drinking people to the body, crying out different illnesses. For example, tonsillitis, diphtheria, inflammation of the legens and all infections in open wounds are caused by the same types of bacteria. The stinks are called sick. Infection is caused by the introduction of orphan water or stale water. And also when dealing with sick people.
Є, however, and korisnі bacteria, without yakih the life of the earth would be much more important.
Yakby on Earth didn’t have bacteria that screamed rot, our planet was step by step covered with the remains of dead roslins and creatures. Ale bacteria of rotting help these remains to rot.
Roslyn bacteria also help. Roslins develop better on that soil, de rich with nitrogen. Nitrogen is consumed in the soil, especially for bacteria. Deyaki bacteria take a part in the light with brown copalins.
Richly rokіv lyudina vikoristovuval lactic bacteria for the creation of rich dairy products. How to add different bacteria to milk, sir, sour milk, kefir, yogurt, sir. Bacteria help us to pickle cabbage for the winter.
Z otstovoy bacteria to ferment the leaven for kvass.
Bacteria help chewing creatures: cows, elks, goats, horses to over-weed roslinna zhu.
Our slug has no intestinal problems. bacteria: stink help to get in even: overpoisoning її More bacteria of the human body is too dark for a human being. The most important bacteria, bifidobacteria are the main defenders of the human body. Like only in a new one you want to penetrate be-yak "shkidliva" bacterium, the stinks enter from it into the bіy i drive in її. People need to get used to fermented milk products, because they contain a lot of bifidobacteria.
In this rank, the world of bacteria is far from having all our enemies. Most of the bacteria appear brown.
My experiment
Not obov'yazkovo mother microscope, Shchob pobachiti microbes. I tried to know them in my kitchen.
How to prepare kefir?
Who among us loves kefir. How to cook yoga? Zvichayno, for the help of brown microorganism-bacteria. For whom did I need sire milk, sour cream. Heat up the milk until it's warm. We take a bottle and put a couple of teaspoons of sour cream on the bottom. We fill it with warm milk, mix it up to a homogeneous mass and put it in a warm place. I have done all the evening, and the kefir is ready for the lie.
Visnovok: Tse became through those in milk, sour cream, start є trohi of bacteria - lactic acid. As a result, the process of fermentation starts in the milk and there is a lot of lactic acid in the milk. What did I watch out for.
Live drizhdzhi. Dry drizzles are similar to small mlyavі sacks. Ale is less doty, docks do not revive millions of crying ones. microbes, yaki slumber at the cold and dry look.
They needed me badly, milk and dry yeast. Let's get quiet. We put one part of the dough in a warm place, and another part in a cold place. After 30 quilins, we will diverge and we will diverge. At the warm mist, the wandering was more swishing.
Price and result robotic microbes - drizhdzhiv.
At a warm place:
In a cold place:
Visnovok: Drіzhdzhі sensitive to the temperature, which is warmer, then it will be more wandering.
Mushrooms can also be found in our kitchens. Like a long time to get rid of this shmatochok їzhi in a warm, dark and wet place (and the same place microbes love the most, then on the new one settles down.
For ordering, I need a piece of bread, a container. I put bread on the bottom of the container, adding a little water, placing the container in a warm place. For a few days, the splash has vanished.
Visnovok: boules are friendly wash away: temperature, increased moisture, so the color appeared.
Visnovok
Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Microbi buvayut shkіdlivі and korisnі. I was far away to install, scho microbes more brown. I know where to live microbes, as the melancholy of them is taken away, as the stench of Skoda can hurt us.
I was far away to conduct experiments, yaki bring the reason microbes.
I plan to continue work on existing microorganism, shards of light microbes are great.
Publications on the topic:
Topic of the follow-up: "The confusion of the nasty middle ground". The aims of the robot: remember the reasons - why is there so much fun on our planet Earth? Z'yasuwati.
Doslіdnitska robot "People and dolphins" Municipal Budgetary Educational Educational Establishment “Golovchinsk Secondary Educational Educational School with Grave Vichenia Okremy.
All-Russian competition of pre-school work and creative projects for preschoolers and young schoolchildren "I am a student of 2017" Doslidnitska.
Doslidnitska robot "Kulbaba" Meta roboti: “Voiklikat emotsії ta bazhannya gracious beauty of nature, pіdtremіt tsіkavіst when zustrichi z kulbaboyi її nadzvychaynymi.
Meta follow-up: prevention of child road traffic injuries. Tasks that we set ourselves: 1. Vivchiti principle.
Doslidnitska robot "Licorice of Life" MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS PRIVATE LIGHTING STATEMENT "SEVERAL PRIVATE LIGHTING SCHOOL №8" OF THE MISSKOY DISTRICT MISTO STERLITAMAK OF THE REPUBLIC.
Doslednitska robot "The power of the magnet""The Power of the Magnet" Illuminating the Region "Knowledge" Doslidnitska work of children Kerivnik: Zakharova N.N.
Synopsis of the organized educational activities “Roslins, yakі rejoice” (senior group) Synopsis of the organized lighting activities"Roslini, yakі rejoice" ( senior group) Contributor: Gubaidullina Fluza Galimzyanivna.
Summary of employment - experiment. What are microorganism? Occupation topic: What are microorganism? Integration lighting areas: « Educational development”,“ Artistic and aesthetic development ”,.
Doslednitska robot "People that light" People that light Doslidnitska work Vikonav: M'yachin Mikita 7 years Kerivnik: Kokuhina A. A. MKOU Zherlitska ZOSH №20, preschool stage
Image library:
