German doctor, bacteriologist, one of the founders of modern bacteriology and epidemiology.
1905 roku Robert Koch buv Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for seeing that the health worker had tuberculosis, as he saw the next day 17 fates of work at the laboratory.
1871 rock team presented on the day of the people Robert Koch microscope, and from that hour in the same day, having spent the rest of the prilad, doslіdzhuyuchi different fabrics.
Pіznіshe Robert Koch doslіdzhuvav siberian buddnik; choleric vibrio; tuberculosis wand (at that time, in Nimechchyna, a person's skin was dying from tuberculosis). The bacteriologist was close to revealing the role of mosquitoes in malaria sufferers, and even outperformed the English Ronald Ross.
« Robert Koch rightfully vvazhavsya head of European microbiologists. A simple strong doctor, vіn palav unquenchable addiction to scientific achievements. Pratsiyuyuchi at the primitive silsky laboratory, Koch developed low new methods in the studied microbes. Three of them were truly revolutionary. First, Koch began to kill bacteria. Until recently, all the successors had been afraid of microbes without a bar, which, looking at the optics of the past century, led to numerical pardons, and sometimes it simply did not give the opportunity to treat the microbe, as its optical thickness was little breathed into the optical quality of the gap. Koh zastosuvav aniline barvniki, like vibirkovo zabarvlyuvali less than microbial bodies, and before the last days a new world of microscopic istots appeared. Going ahead, I want to say that from a simple methodical method, a lot of microbiology has evolved, so that the tinctorial powers of microbes stand up (so that they can take on those zdatnosti that are otherwise zabarvlennya in the fallowness of the peculiarities of speech organ exchange). In this way, having killed bacteria, Koch gave the opportunity to conduct microbiological studies on a new scientific level.
In a different way, Koh vinayshov is a solid life-giving medium. It seems that it became vipadkovo. Nibito Koch forgot the boiled potato at the laboratory, and showed colonies of microorganisms on the offensive wound. It is an understanding that he has given you a new method of follow-up. On the right, in the fact that before Koch's work, microbes were grown in broth, then in a rare medium, it is impossible to separate the diversity of microorganism, and also, it is even more important to take away the pure culture of the vigilante. For whom it was possible to go into foldable methodical tricks, which did not always give an effect. When a sum of bacteria is applied to a hard life-giving medium, the skin microorganism becomes the ancestor of a whole colony of bacteria in that area, having consumed the life-giving medium on the life-giving place. I have a clean looking microbe. Experimenting with different livelihood products (gelatin, agar-agar - speech, which is seen from algae, etc.), Koch developed the low quality of solid livestock and, at the same time, gave microbiology opportunities, which were not small until that hour.
The third innovations, proponed by Koch, are an immersive object. Before Koch, the limit of the increase in the microscope, in which it was possible to see microbes, was 400-500 times. Zastosuvannya lens, immersed in oil, made it possible to vicorize lenses with a greater curvature, sharply increase the diversity of the microscope structure and capture the image with increased 900-1400 times».
Frolov St A., Viperediv hour, M., "Radyanska Rosiya", 1980, p. 166-167.
Main scientific opinion that winemaker Robert Koch has worked with the gallery of biology and microbiology. Robert Koch, a German doctor, a bacteriologist and one of the founders of modern epidemiology and bacteriology, made a contribution to biology, you know from this article.
Information on the biology of varto rozpochati z revealed the most common bacterium sibirka. ї vivchennya vіn occupied with the rest of life. With great care and diligence, the bacterium "Bacillus anthracis" was seen, which calls out to unsafe ailments. In addition, vcheny zrobiv її microscopic photo. After the grandiose presentation of Robert Koch, a report on the bacterial growth began. Vіn dovіv, scho Bacillus anthracis zdatya razvinutsya in a large colony for a short term. That is why the illness of the Siberian woman runs bliskavichically. The bacterium is characterized by high vitality and resistance to various methods of exaltation. The risk of the patient's death is already great.
It is also a statement of dovіv, that the ailment saves vitality for a thriving hour. For lowering the bacilli, it is necessary to pour її 40 hvilin with a temperature of more than 100 0 С in an autoclave. In addition, Koh Doviv, that a microorganism that calls Siberian, in the last infected creatures, can live peacefully for a few years. This is the merit of Robert Koch, who made him famous in the world of science and medical achievements.
I gained the greatest glory of the teachings for vodkritta budnik tuberculosis. Vіn dovіv, that the disease is caused by mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and people are infected with the disease. For the sake of the method, the researcher has tested the mass of the test and researched, looking after the biological material of sick patients. For a long time Nobel Laureate nothing can be revealed in a moment. After conducting a black test, Robert Koch revealed that the key role in the development of tuberculosis is not the virus, as it was considered earlier, but the tuberculosis bacterium. For її vyyavlennya vikoristovuva barvnik, shards of the wand was barless. I’m persuading the riddle about the stick, to name Robert Koch in honor, having published the doctrine on 24 February 1882. Todi svіt pobachiv first photo of the microorganism.
Krym vyvchennya tuberculosis and Siberians, vcheniy doslіdzhuvav cholera. Youmu far away to signify the sickness of the sick person, and show how to get rid of cholera vibrio. Also, Robert Koch is the author of such understand: Koch's triad (a method for bringing the cause of a guilty ailment), Koch's test (indicating the presence of tuberculosis bacteria and at the current stage of the development of ailments there are ailments).
Robert Koch contributed to biology by adding greatness and viklav yoga to the practice “Methods for the elimination of pathogenic organisms”, “Research and investigation into the treatment of tuberculosis”.
The achievements of Robert Koch were not separated by long-term health care workers of unsafe ailments. Wine is also the life of the hard core. I wanted to do it in a vipadkovo way: I forgot to cut the boiled potatoes in the laboratory. And vranci having revealed the number of colonies of microorganisms on it. Before Koch, micro-organisms grew in a rare medium, and dividing them for the maintenance of a pure culture of the life was more smoothly. So the scientist was far away to blame for finding a new method of research in medicine. To finish the Bulo, apply the sum of microbes on the hard life-giving medium and the skin microorganism “creating” a whole colony of microbes on that area, having consumed the wine. So it was possible to easily trace the appearance of the skin and fight against the disease, to break up the faces against it.
Another innovation of Robert Koch is the tse іmersіyny ob'ektiv. If the lens is blurred into olive, it is possible to bend the lenses with greater curvature. They promoted the diversity of the microscope and enlarged the image by 900-1400 times.
We believe that Robert Koch did help to find out about the smut of the great German scientist. A short speech on the topic "Robert Koch contributed to the development of microbiology" You can leave through the comment form below.
Maybe, every day you get sick with a lot of romantic halo, like tuberculosis. This ailment introduced a penetrating note of fatality in the work of the poet John Keats and the Bronte sisters, Molière and Chekhov. ale in real life the dryness was not romantic, but on the other hand - wild and sick. At the same time, from the languid light came weakness, a hoarse cough, that death was bleeding more easily. This zhahlivy for thousands of people reality was given to them by "white plague", even if it took no less than life, lower the plague of "black", bubo, just drove it right. It is not surprising that a person who “knew” the world of tuberculosis and gave hope for victory over her was awarded the Nobel Prize. Formula for the Nobel Committee: "For the follow-up of that statement that they are celebrating the exultation of tuberculosis." And the name of this person was Robert Koch.
Baby 1. Rudolf Virhof (1821-1902). A German doctor, a histologist, a pathologist, and a lot more, as well as a political delinquent before the reforms. Dopovniv clitin theory Schwann and Schleiden and heading the blow to the popular song hypotheses of spontaneous generation of organisms the great thesis "Omnis cellula e cellula" ("A cell looks like only like a cell"). Having established the life of impersonal tissues and organs, describing the pathogenesis of some diseases. At the same time, viviv nіmetsku sanitarіyu on zovsіmі іnshіy rіvіn, keruyuchi dumkoy scho doctors - "natural advocates bіdnih", and that can take an active part in the virіshennі social nutrition.
Speaking of tuberculosis, it’s not only the classics of the Victorian era, but Koch’s sticks, and tuberculin (the antigen in the Mantoux reaction), the same Kochovsky, and Koch’s postulates, and at the same time, the name of a prominent scientist, people, for which tuberculosis has become triumph and tragedy, - Robert Koch.
Koch was born on December 11, 1843 near the town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld near Lower Saxony with a maid engineer. Robert appeared already a gifted child - already at five fates of years, having struck his fathers, who learned to read independently, looking at newspapers. Whom did you see yoga in pochatkov school, and after three years of wine had already entered the gymnasium. Koch started out of satisfaction and showed a clear interest in biology. What, obviously, marked Yogo a further choice: in 1862, roci wines joined the Goettingen University, de zahopivsya medicine. Right here, at Göttingen, at that time, the famous anatomist Jacob Henle, who worked as the first lasts in the gallery of microbiology, laid aside. Possibly, the very lectures aroused young Koch's interest in reaching the microbes as the culprits of various ailments.
In 1866, Robert Koch took the degree of doctor of medicine and worked as a doctor of medicine in the famous Berlin clinic Sharite - under the care of the great Rudolf Virkhov. Before speech, Virkhov herself regularly criticizes the microbial theory of Koch, resists the expansion of yoga opinions and inspires the respected career. On the back of the head, Virkhov started bluntly speaking to his studies, so that he didn’t spend an hour on a fool and engaged in the jubilation of people.
Ale, even before the advancing fate, Koch makes friends with Emme Fratz and takes a place at the liquor in Hamburg. For two more years, the young family moves from place to place, until they settle in Rakvitsa, de Koh vlastovuetsya to the hospital for the mentally ill. Ale, let's go reconciliation of life zovsіm not for new. Non-vaguishes for strong shortness, koch warehouse іspit on the vіsysk likar I vidbuva, in Polovikh, spilled Franco-Pussyko Vіiyn, chopped in 1870, deik noted, skels of the cherivona tham.
Through rіk Robert demobilizes, and 1872 p. I take the post of the postal sanitary doctor at Volshtein. For the same period of wine, we will take away a gift from the squad on March 28 - a new microscope. And soon medical practice enters another plane: Koh all days without interruption disappears behind the eyepiece of a gift. The first sleep of the Siberian woman in the midst of the Great Mist and the dry horned thinness appear even more pre-river.
Without middle (like influenza or diphtheria), anthrax between people and creatures is not transmitted, and the axis of infectious agents - Siberian endospores - can be saved in the ground (especially in animal burial grounds) for decades, sprout for centuries, "sprouting" in the body. Superchki tsі supervisual stіykі to physical ta chemical factors, їх іх відної it's easy to put it on (if a person fell ill, you need thousands of superechok); The legenev form of the disease is often lethal during antimicrobial therapy. This was likened to tsikh bacteria and viyskov, and terrorists. Mustache, perhaps, remember the sarin attack of 1995 on the Tokyo subway, organized by the sectarians Aum Senrike (ni – Aleph). And the axis about sawing them is a suspension of superechok and clitin B. anthracis near Cape Kameido near Tokyo, there were few people two years earlier (Fig. 3a). The attack failed: even though the person did not get infected, because the theoretical training and, perhaps, the presence of another biomaterial spurred the sectarians to spread the veterinary vaccine strain (Sterne 34F2), alleviate the overall pathogenicity through the lateness of forming a capsule. Well, if you want a smorid, it seems, it’s gone ...
And the axis of a friend, widely seen, a bioterrorist attack from zastosuvannyam tsієї sticks in 2001 ruled five people in that world, another 17 fell ill, but survived. Obviously, there are about the American "leaves at the envelope" (Fig. 3b), which can be used as a whole accessory for endospore infection (Ames strain). Converti was taken by two Democratic senators and five great new agencies. Bruce Ivins, a microbiologist, a vaccine distributor in Siberia, a senior graduate of the Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases of the US Army (USAMRIID, Fort Detrick), earlier engaged in biological research in a different way). However, in 2008 shanovny teachings recognized about the preparation of febeirivtsy calls, in which case we will be the only accusation from the attack of 2001. Ivans, who had mental problems (and without rechecking, having taken the job in the "defense"), having taken a lethal dose of the drug Tylenol PM(Extra paracetamol with diphenhydramine). Most of the colleagues and relatives of the victims of the attack will reckon up the investigation bags (it’s not a moment to prepare the biomaterial, we’ll be a Catholic, the choice of addressees is wondrous toshcho), and it’s less the FBI, maybe, believe, that only one person is responsible for the evil.
By 2015, 173 powers had ratified the Convention on the Prevention of Exploitation and Accumulation of Biological Effluent. It’s difficult to control the execution of the contract, and the forts have so many “postal screens” of elite pieces B. anthracis and other infectious agents to sleep quietly in the glasses of the “peaceful victoria” permitted by the convention. At the same time, you can see the postal authorities in the USA are now sterilizing, and the students are guilty of recommending they suspected the leaves to be ironed before opening. Well, they opened it up, but there it was ... Doctors prescribe some of the antibiotics: penicillin, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. In 2012, the FDA praised the exuberance that (in special vipadkah) emergency prophylaxis of the legend form with monoclonal antibodies ( Raxibacumab), which neutralizes Siberian lixin.
edition.
The result of this laborious work was the work, as for the sponsorship of Ferdinand Kohn, a professor of botany at the University of Breslau, was published in 1876 in a progressive botanical journal Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflazen, Child of Kon (like, before speech, bringing bacteria to roslin). Regardless of Virkhov’s protests, having taken into account that ailments can damage the inner nature, and their reason is “the pathology of the clitin,” Koch gains singing popularity, but is not separated from his critical laboratory at Volshtein. More chotiri vines improve the methods of preparation and fixation of microscopic preparations, as well as the treatment of various forms of bacterial infection of wounds. In 1878 the company publishes its work on microbiology.
Popularity bear fruit: in 1880 Robert Koch was appointed as a guard in the Imperial Health Bureau in Berlin. Itself here at the scientist it is possible to choose the best in yoga life laboratory. Last job immediately went uphill. Koh wine to find a new microbiological method cultivation of pure cultures of bacteria on solid media. For example, on potatoes. And also new methods of farbuvannya, which allow you to easily look at and identify bacteria for the help of a microscope. Already through the river publishes the work "Methods for the inoculation of pathogenic organisms" and enters into a debate with a colleague from the microbiological "workshop" Luis Pasteur with the drive of Siberian research. Vcheni roar the right war on the sides of scientific knowledge and at public windows.
At the same time, in this laboratory, staffed with top-notch personnel, equipped with straining microscopes, the best materials and laboratory creatures, Koch proceeds to the end of the head "killing" of that hour - tuberculosis. Vybіr those, prote, rich yogo colleagues zdavsya wondrous: more experts respected the dryness of the recessionary ailments. Age statistics showed that ailments are most often spread among the middle families.
Protektor Koch recognized tuberculosis as a great "natural" infection. Pratsyyuyuchi one by one, sweating in the eyes of colleagues, cloning in the laboratory mayzhe on pivroku - doti, docks could not see and grow the culture of tubercular bacillus Mycobacterium(Fig. 4).
Figure 5. Vibrion cholerae ( Vibrio cholerae) under an electron microscope. Let's make an orange pofarbovani nucleoid and flagellum. 30 years before Koch, the bacterium was described by Philippo Pachino Filippo Pacini bacillum, Ale tse bov the hour of the sickly “miasms”, and they ignored it. Tsya rukhliva single-flagellated slightly bent stick (vibrion) sacks near the water. Only two serogroups of 140 call for epidemic cholera: they cause the toxin to ingest water and ions by intestinal clitins, blame profuse diarrhea and vomit, the result is fatal stinging. The toxin is encoded by a peaceful bacteriophage, introduced into one of the two vibrio chromosomes. Photo courtesy of www.humanillnesses.com.
On February 24, 1882, Koch presented his visnovki at the six-thousandth meeting of the Association of Physiologists near Berlin (again, Virkhov’s mischief did not allow Koch to speak at the wide selections of Berlin physicians), having rightly invited his colleagues, yak .
After seventeen days - on April 10, 1882 - Koch published his lecture "Etiology of Tuberculosis", and the fact of the death of a deadly contagious disease not only became a drive for great medical knowledge, but flew around the first swag of the leading newspapers in the whole world. The protyag of kіlkoh tizhnіv "Koh" has become literally a wild name.
Ale Robert Koch did not rest on his laurels. Vіn їde in ryadovu scientific ekspeditsіyu to egypt and Іndії, de polyuє for cholera. I know yoga - I see a microbe, which I call cholera vibrio(Fig. 5). This award brought you not only additional popularity, but also a prize of 100,000 German marks.
And yet, in the future, in 1885, Dr. Koch turns to "beloved" tuberculosis, now in the midst of a search for ways to cure this illness. At that hour, wine had already begun to rise up with his teaching Emil Bering: the stench was already in progress not because of the arrival of one month from Blessed Augustine, but about those who could be infected with tuberculosis from creatures. Koch, who at that time had already "bronzed" his authority, having respected what he could not, and the milk of that meat of infected creatures was safer. Learned that Koch is wrong. Whose "great" is not tolerant, and between them he became roaring (wishing to show for an hour that mother Bering was a mother).
Koch hastened to find out his own zasib in the case of tuberculosis. At 1890 you could see the roci yoma in the distance tuberculin- Speech that vibrates like a tubercular stick in the process of life. Vvazhav vvazhav, scho vono zdatne to help in the likuvanni droughts, - and 4 sick days 1890 without reverberation voiced: sib in tuberculosis was found. A short and turbulent triumph - even after the wake of the workers of the "Siberian", dryness and cholera is higher than the authority in medicine, lower in Koch, it was not. Ale triumph turned into tragedy and vile ostracism.
It was clear that tuberculin is serious allergic reactions in patients with tuberculosis. We sighed about the death of tuberculin. And then it turned out that the effectiveness of the faces is not great. Tuberculin splitting did not give immunity to dryness.
Tsikavo, that in seventeen years the very effect of tuberculin, allowing you to stop yoga for tuberculin test- Test that diagnoses tuberculosis. Yogo rozrobiv Austrian paediatrician, assistant to the immunologist-Nobeliat Paul Erlich, Clemens Pirke.
Baby 6. Clemens von Pirke (1874-1929). Austrian aristocrat, pediatrist, having obtained miraculous enlightenment from the leading universities of Europe. In 1906 banished the term "alergiya". In 1907 p. having demonstrated a tuberculin test to a medical doctor: tuberculin was rubbed on the front of the patient, the reaction of the skin was used to judge the infection with mycobacteria. Pirquet's test was later replaced by the first introduction of tuberculin - by the method of Charles Mantoux. Von Pirke ended his life with self-destruction at once with a retinue, as if he was constantly suffering from depression, having taken potassium cyanide. Vcheny hung on the Nobel Prize five times, ran for the presidency of Austria, but ... the inhabitants of the Pirci knew less of a coin of 50 euros (right-handed).
Koch's protégéra continues to protrude. Yomu is awarded the title of doctor of the 1st class and an honorable hulk of Berlin. Through the river, he became the director of the newly created Institute of Hygiene in Berlin and a professor of hygiene at the University of Berlin.
I renew my last vein (and forgive me a bit, and I hope for revenge) does not allow Robert Koch to live in peace. In 1896, roci vins virus up to Pivdennoy Africa, so that the plague of the great horned thinness grew. I wanting you to not be able to find out the cause of the plague, he could localize the outbreak of this disease, robbing a healthy creature with an injection of a preparation of a zhovchi infection. Let's Koch doslіdzhuє in Africa and India malaria, lihomanka Chornaya Vody, sleep sickness in the great horned thinness of horses. The results of his titanic work were published in 1898 after the return to Nimechchin.
At home, we continue the research and in 1901, at the International Congress on Tuberculosis in London, we will work on a statement that will give rise to a lot of supers in scientific stakes: bacilli of human and bovine tuberculosis will be slaughtered. Vcheny was criticized, but for an hour they showed that they were guilty of motherhood (before the speech, it was the subject of Koch and Bering’s super-cat, and here Bering had mercy; at the same time, it is clear that tuberculosis in creatures and people can sometimes be crippled in other, close M. tuberculosis, see mycobacteria, build up the interspecies barrier).
In 1905, Robert Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine "for his continued recognition of tuberculosis." And yet, in 1906, the fate of the wines turned to Central Africa for the continuation of the work on the treatment of sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis). Vіn vvazhaє, scho synthesizing by Erlich and Khat in 1905 atoxyl(on a rogue with a current enterosorbent with silicon dioxide - the same cebula is an organic part of a mouse!) can be effective in case of any illness just like quinine against malaria.
Until the end of his life, Koch continued his research on serology and microbiology. Vin died on May 27, 1910 at a sanatorium near Baden-Baden. Yogo's death also brought to cіkavih podіy. The body of Robert Koch was creamed, however, in Prussia at that time the legislator was not allowed to take the urns on the bins. As a result, it was decided to build the Koch mausoleum directly (Fig. 7). On December 10, 1910, a ceremony was held to bury the ashes. You can see the mausoleum, paint a portrait of Koch, read the epitaph: "Robert Koch - work and success." And just be alone with a great vchenoy, even a difficult person, without a doubt, a good eternal memory, that goodness of people.
Koch Mausoleum, contacted by museums, at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin.У світі є кілька пам'ятників Р. Коху, а на 100-річний ювілей тієї самої, коховської, Нобелівської премії німці випустили марку з портретом їхнього великого співвітчизника, а Європейська академія природничих наук заснувала медаль Коха, яка вручається найкращим лікарям та біологам.
Well, it’s important to note that this is another text from the Nobel Laureates cycle, which was not created by me alone. Most of yoga was written by the miraculous scientific and medical journalist and my old companion in life and work, Snizhana Shabanova.
Robert Koch was born on December 11, 1843 near the provincial German town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld. Vіn was the third of thirteen children in a rich family of Kohіv. Boy z early century buv zakhoplenyam vvchennyam nature. That uncle Bivendi was also interested in the natural sciences.
Batko - Herman Koch, gіrsky radnik.
Mati - Matilda Koch (the girl's name Bivend).
Robert was already a healthy boy: he learned early to read that letter. At 5 rokіv vіn, you start to start a pochatkovu school. Schools of science were given to Robert easily, to that after the school of wines he easily entered the school gymnasium, becoming the best student in the class.
After graduation from the gymnasium at the age of 19, Robert entered the Faculty of Natural History before the University of Göttingen, and an interest in bacteriology after two years, Robert was transferred to the Faculty of Medicine. In 1866 Koch graduated as a medical doctor.
Since the University in 1867, the roci of wines have made friends with a friend of childhood Emma (Emme Adelphine Josephine Fratz), with such a stench lived 26 years. At whose union the stink's daughter, Gertrude, appeared.
In 1893, Koch's squadrons separated from the first retinue and made friends with others. The actress Gedwige Freiburg became another retinue, with whom Robert proved, in his words, the best fates of his life.
Robert dreamed about the future of the world more expensive on the ship as a doctor, but Emma was categorically against it, he did not have that financial ability to build his dream. In order to improve one's family, Koh virishu to lead a mastery way of life, it is possible to practice in a psychiatric clinic.
In 1870, Robert's career as a psychiatrist was pinned on the cob of wine from France. Koh ide pratsyuvati at the military spital. Itself there, we got stuck with the acute problem of fighting with unsafe and mass infectious diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever.
In order to understand the nature of these ailments, Robert relatively studied microbiology, looked at the life of various microorganism under a microscope, tried first to try microphotography.
After the end of the war in 1871, Robert was assigned to work as a sanitary doctor near Volshtein (the territory of modern Poland). Knowing the person's interest in microbiology, his team Emma presented Robert with a microscope on National Day. Now hang your free time Koch whiled away the microscope. Nezabara vіn vtrativ іnteres to their uninterrupted medical work and zahopivsya long-term bacteria, experiments on mice and reading bacteriology.
In the 70s of the 19th century, the Siberian was fierce in the vicinity of Volshtein. Zіtknuvshis іz zim zahvoryuvannyam, Robert pochav retelno vyvchati mikroorganіzmi z wound instead of ill creatures. Nezabar vіn having shown that they are the same microbes, yakі є in the wounds of our sick creatures, є bacteria in the form of sticks. Carrying out his research, Koch first stoked the preparation of microscopic preparations and photographed the intracellular bacteria.
After a thorough analysis of the results of his research, Robert Koch, having established factors that would help to spread the Siberian bacterium, and having determined the incidence of the broadening of the Siberian epidemic in the cycle of the development of the bacterium.
Robert vysnovki vysnovki at scientific robots, yak was published under the additional patronage of his friends-scientists at the University of Wroclaw in 1876-1877. Zavdyaki tsim publications Koch became extremely popular with the scientific community.
In 1880, youmu was propagandized to plant a guardian for the protection of health at the government of Berlin. Koch continued his work on the cultivation of bacteria. The results of the study of viklav at their own practice "Methods for the elimination of pathogenic organisms". In my robots for seeing pure cultures of microorganisms, Robert first proponated solid life-giving mediums instead of rare ones.
Vinakhid Koch of solid life-giving mediums changed pіdkhіd before cultivating microorganism, proponing by Pasteur. Obviously, this success of Robert was negatively accepted by his fellow microbiologist Louis Pasteur. Mіzh vchenimi flared up a bugatory discussion, for which all the zatsіkavlenі posterіgali on the sides of medical and other profile other vidans.
Tim for an hour Koch didn’t pay attention to his debts. The problem of tuberculosis was even more troubling, as it was at that time even more relevant in Nimechchyna. There were no happy faces of the day. At that time, tuberculosis was treated by doctors of spontaneous ailments.
Microbiologically hardly succeeded Koch once. Podozryuyuchi bacterial nature of tuberculosis, vіn pochav actively shukati the cause of tuberculosis. For any of the tissues of human organs that have died from tuberculosis, prepared microscopic preparations, used various barnacles, and examined under a microscope. For many months, laborious work on the microscope was successful.
On March 24, 1982, Robert Koch made a statement that he had detected a rod-like bacterium that caused tuberculosis. This bacterium was named Koch's stick.
In their scientific practices Koch firmly formulated the principle, which became the basis of medical bacteriology. For this reason, this whistle was called Koch's postulate. The essence of Koch's postulate is that those more infectious diseases are caused by a specific microorganism.
Koch's successes in bacteriology were caused by those who sent him to Egypt and India to eradicate the nature of cholera. Dosledzhennya tuberculosis Bulo timchasovo pinned.
1885 - after turning from India, Robert Koch admires creations from Berlin Institute of Hygiene.
1891 - appointed director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases near Berlin.
At these institutions for Koch, all the minds were created for him to continue to treat tuberculosis in the galley. Ale now vin shukav not yogo budnik, but ways of exaltation.
In 1890, Koch declared that he knew a way to cure tuberculosis. Vіn mav on uvazі especially speech - tuberculin, yak was seen from the middle, in which a pure culture of tubercular sticks was cultivated. Following this decision, Nimechchini began to actively promote tuberculin for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, it was not without reason that it was said that such exultation did not take care of our clothes. Moreover, strong allergic reactions were blamed on the introduction of tuberculin in patients. A storm of criticism fell upon Koch.
If addicted trochs got involved, it was clear that tuberculin can be victorious, and not for exaltation, but for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. It turned out that allergic reactions to the introduction of tuberculin are most often blamed on people who are ill with tuberculosis. In healthy people, such reactions to the introduction of tuberculin were rarely observed. Similarly reacted to tuberculin and the strongest creatures. In this manner, tuberculin began to be victorious for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cows.
German doctor of studies Koch Robert (1843-1910) won the Nobel Prize for his microbiological work in the fight against tuberculosis. Vіn also having created impersonal main methods for microbiological studies, deyakі from them vikoristovuyutsya until this day.
For example, in the 19th century, such an illness, like tuberculosis, killed a third of all mature people of the middle age in Europe. Doctors that hour were trying to figure out the faces. Koch Robert did not become a blame, the fight against this important illness became my mission, the practice of my whole life. Regardless of the majestic progress in identifying and potentially exuberant disease, win the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work, without ceasing to improve the research methods, as if they have already injected the whole microbe
The fathers of the future nobleman were vile miners, like they were hostile to them, like a healthy lad, the share gave them. The birth of 1843 in Claustal (Nimechchina), Heinrich German Robert Koch was a child prodigy. I have already read the newspapers at five rokiv vins classical literature i buv expert s shakhіv. Interest in science is manifested in middle school, de yak loves, the subject of bula was selected biology.
In 1866, 23 years of birth Heinrich Robert Koch took off the degree of Doctor of Medicine and passed the age of ten, practicing as a doctor at various medical institutions and state scientific hospitals. In 1876, having published his great research in the field of such a disease, like a Siberian, it brought him wide popularity. After a few years of appointments as a guardian at the Bureau of Health Protection, I spent most of my time dealing with problems associated with tuberculosis.
Modern medicine has a lot of reasons for more sickness. For an hour, if Koch Robert is alive, the knowledge of the flooring will be a broader sight. One of the first important indications of the study was the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can cause fatal illness. Robert Koch, victoriously causes infection, by infecting guinea pigs with material from one of the three infected creatures: mawp, the great horned thinness of people. As a result, it was found that the bacteria of the infected pigs were identical to those with which the stench was infected independently of the gerel infection.
Which contribution did Robert Koch contribute to microbiology? One of the most exuberant methods was the proposition about those that a sick person could be identified with a high level of intoxication with a great number of minds, which became known as Koch's postulates. Stink Axis:
In the middle of ill, yakі vivchav German doctor Robert Koch (Siberian in 1876 and tuberculosis in 1882), who developed cholera in 1883. In 1905, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded. While still a medical student, Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch showed great interest in pathology and infectious diseases. As a doctor, he worked at rich small places in all of Germany, and at the hour of the Franco-Prussian war (1870-1872) he went to the front like a military surgeon.
Pіznіshe was recognized as a long-term medical practitioner, the main ob'yazkom of such a bubonic outbreak of an increase in infectious bacterial infections. The stagnation of biotechnologies in medicine, like before, is a significant world to lie in the principles of Koch, as a way to fix the causes of infectious diseases. The great doctrine died in 1910 near the region of the Black Forest (Nimechchina), and it was 66 years old.
At that hour, if Robert Koch is alive, the Siberian bula was widely expanded among the agricultural creatures near the Wellstein region. There was no great scientific possession at that moment, libraries and contacts with other sciences were inaccessible. Vtіm, tse yogo did not sound, and vіn having started the infection of that ailment. A 4-room apartment was built as a laboratory for him, as a house for him, and a microscope was given to his head office.
Earlier, the Siberian savior was revealed to have the bacilli Pollender, Rayer and Davaine, and Koch, setting a meta z in front of him scientific point bring the dawn that tsya batsila is true, the cause of illness. Vіn prischeplyuvav mice for the help of self-contained wooden trіski bacilli sibirka, taken from the spleen of the sіlskogospodarskih creatures, yakі died in the presence of ailments. It was revealed that the death of the rodents came by itself through the infestation of the infection into the shelter of the creatures. This fact, having become a confirmation of the wisdom of other scientists, they confirmed that the disease can be transmitted through the shelter of creatures, that they suffer from the Siberian people.
The ale didn't please Koch. You also want to know if these microbes can get sick, because the stench has never been in contact with any kind of creaturely organism. To solve this problem, vin otrimav pure culture bacyl. Robert Koch, who takes pictures of them, takes a breath, that for unacceptable minds, stench, they vibrate super-lights, buildings resist bad smells, and other negative factors for bacteria. In this way, the stench can survive in the stale middle ground for a three-time hour, and if the old mind will be created, their lives will be renewed, bacilli will come out of the super-cellar, infect living organisms, they won’t have a bad stench, it’s unimportant . contact with them.
The results of a thorough work on the cultivation of the Siberian were demonstrated by Koch to Ferdinand Kohn, professor of botany at the University of Breslau, who selected his colleagues to make the recognition. Professor of Anatomical Pathology Conheim, among the present. All were profoundly opposed to Koch's robot, and after the publication of robots in a botanical journal on this topic in 1876, Koch became famous. Vіn prodovzhuvav, prote, pratsyuvati on Wellstein for a long time chotiroh rokіv, and for tsey period vіn painting your method of fixation, capturing and photographing bacteria.
Formerly, already in Berlin, we continue to carry out bacteriological methods thoroughly, and also find new wines - growing pure bacteria in hard media, such as potatoes. The area, de prodovzhuvati Robert Koch, microbiology, until the end of the ogo vyskovy specialty. We also developed new methods for the preparation of bacteria, so that they were able to remember them more and helped to identify them. The result of this work was the introduction of methods, for the help of some pathogenic bacteria can be easily removed in pure culture, other species of other organisms and for the help of such stinks can be detected and identified. Two years later, when he arrived in Berlin, Koch cracked a tubercular bacillus, and also the way he grew up in a clean look.
Koh is still busy with the work of fighting tuberculosis, if in 1883 the authorities moved to Egypt as the leader of the commission for the investigation of cholera in the country. Here, vibrion was revealed, which vibrated the disease and brought a pure culture to Nimechchini. Similar nutrition of wines was also taken up by India. On the basis of this knowledge about biology and the method of expanding cholera vibrio, we formulated the rules for fighting the epidemic, which were praised by the great powers at Dresden in 1893, the rotations formed the basis of methods of control, as victorious dossi.
In 1885, Robert Koch, a biography of someone who took his cob from a small town and had little security, was appointed professor of hygiene at the University of Berlin. In 1890, he was appointed general surgeon, and in 1891 he became an honorary professor of the medical faculty and director of the new Institute of Infectious Diseases. During this period, Koch turned to his work in the fight against tuberculosis. Vіn namagavsya zupiniti zahvoryuvannya for help drug, which vin called tuberculin, creations from mycobacteria. Two versions of the drug were created. Persha z yakikh mittevo called out significant superchki. It's a pity that the healing power of this preparation was overstretched, and her efforts did not work out. The new tuberculin (another version) was voiced by Koch in 1896, and its literal value also became rozcharuvannya, protese brought to the conclusion of speeches of diagnostic value.
In 1896, Koch swept up to Pivdenny Africa for the breeding of the plague of great horned thinness. Irrespective of those who didn’t know the reason for the illness, the surroundings of the bedrooms all the same viyshlo. Let's work in India and Africa for malaria, Blackwater fever, trypanosomiasis and horse sickness. The publication of his warning about cih zahvoryuvan bula in 1898. Nezabar soon after the turn to Nimechchin, dearly continued with light. For the first time in Italy, de vin confirmed the work of Sir Ronald Ross on malaria and viconated the work on the etiology of various forms of malaria and the fight against them for help with quinine.
In the very same time, the fates of your life Koh diyshov vysnovka, that bacilli, that call for tuberculosis of a person and great horned thinness, are not identical. It was confirmed at the International Medical Congress for the Fight against Tuberculosis in London in 1901 that the crowd called out a lot of super, but in this hour it was clear that Koch's point of view was correct. Yogo robot over typhus brought to the idea that this disease is transmitted more often from person to person, lower drinking water, and tse called for new visits to control.
In 1904, at the birth of 1904, Koch was sent to Skhidnoy Africa for the treatment of lihomania great horned leanness, de vine having made an important precaution not only for sickness, but also for pathogenic species of Babesia and Trypanosoma and tickborne spirochaetosis. Professor Robert Koch was awarded many prizes and medals, more honorable is membership in scientific colleges and academies in Berlin, Vienna, Naples, New York and others. Awarded with the German Order of the Crown, the Great Cross of the German Order of the Red Eagle. In a number of countries, memorials and monuments were erected in honor of the great microbiologist. Dr. Koch died on May 27, 1910 near Baden-Baden.
Nіmechchina viroblyat in the world of rich innovative scientific minds in support of rich century, one of the greatest achievements of his hour can rightfully be called Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch, who laid the foundation for the bacteriology school, as well as additional explanations of reasons and possible methods for working out of the field.
Vin was a fearless successor, giving shards for carrying out unprecedented visits to infect such life-threatening illnesses, like a Siberian, tuberculosis and a lot of others. The purpose of the teachings of the teachings is also an important role in the creation of modern laboratories. Koch Robert was not just a gift of teachings, he was a genius, that kind of a lot of honors and medals, like a win otrimuvav protyazh his life, є the best proof of that he contributed, like a win having created medical science from the world.
