Students, graduate students, young adults, like victorious base of knowledge in their trained robots, will be your best friend.
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Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation
Novosibirsk State University
economy and management "NING"
Faculty of Economics
Department of Statistics
Topic: “Need more statistics?”
Primary discipline: Statistics
Naming directly (training profile): sociology
P.I.B. student: Matyushina Kira Volodimirivna
Group number: BSC-32
Passbook number: 130324
Revised: Apsite Marina Oleksandrivna
Novosibirsk 2014
Need more statistics? This is the food to put your own skin, who fixes the statistics. Ale first of all, do you need statistics, do you need to start looking into what statistics are like? What is the discipline? What is the history of the development of statistics as a primary discipline? Tilki vіdpovіvshi on qi nutrition, we can understand why statistics are needed. statistics discipline processing of material
The very word "statistics" has a richer meaning. There are close to a thousand of yoga praised. The dates of the appointment of statistics, as science, were influenced by economics, mathematicians, sociologists, philosophers, and, most importantly, the statistics themselves.
Statistics is a bell of knowledge, for example, there are great sources of food for the collection, vimiryuvannya and analysis of mass statistical data; cultivating the kіlkіsnoї side of the mass suspіlnyh yavisch in the numerical form.
The word "statistics" is similar to the Latin "status" - the camp is right. In science, the term “statistics” was introduced in the German teachings of Gottfried Achenwall in 1746, having propagated the replacement of the name of the course “State Studies”, which was taught in the universities of Nimechchini, to “Statistics”, having initiated the development of statistics as a science and primary discipline. Irrespective of the price, the statistical appearance was seen through a lot earlier: population censuses were carried out in Ancient China, the alignment of the military potential of the powers was made, and the appearance of the masses was seen through. Ancient Rome etc.
Statistics is developed using a special methodology for the analysis and processing of materials: mass statistical analysis, the method of grouping, average values, indices, the balance method, the method of graphic images and other methods of analyzing statistical data. https://ua.wikipedia.org
Trohi vyvchivshiv history viniknennya statistics, it became clear that it began to blame as a necessary science.
None of the statistics play a significant role in the development of the national economy, statistics act as a management tool. The great advantage of statistics is those that all statistical data look at the numerical view and we can estimate the scale of the mass phenomenon at any rate.
Іsnuє impersonal razdіlіv statistics, even if it’s overwhelmed mayzhe all spheres of human life. Below, the most important ones, in my opinion, were divided:
The theory of statistics - looking at the fundamental principles and methods of developing social and economic phenomena and processes
Socio-economic statistics - showing the methodology and encouraging macroeconomic indicators and analysis, as well as the social minds of the life of the populace, providing them with material benefits and services
· Galuzev's statistics - live the life of a suspense
Zavdyaki statistici, for її zіbrannyi dani, we can watch how the economy develops political activity the lands of that world, as the modern human society develops. So, according to the data of statistics, we can work vysnovki to increase or improve the work of enterprises and organizations.
I would like to say that, if statistics is one of the most important sciences, it is necessary to present the shards of this data to the opisal person, and to the kіlkіsny. Statistical data give a great post-development of the rich spheres of life of modern society.
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The history of history and the development of statistics. Subject, basic understanding of that category of statistics. Methods of selection, analysis and analysis of statistical data. Economic statistics and її galuzі. Current organization of statistics in the Russian Federation.
lecture, donation 02.05.2012
Subject, method and task of social and economic statistics. Indicators of the number of employees of the enterprise. Vikoristannya working day. Statistics of payment of costs and expenses for working force. National wealth statistics and demographic statistics.
course of lectures, contributions 06.02.2012
History of the development of statistics in Russia. Diyalnist' vydatnykh vchenih at the development of statistics as a science. Basic tasks of statistics. Common theory of statistics, economic statistics, social statistics. Galuzev statistics.
abstract, additions 12.12.2006
A whole system of scientific disciplines: global theory of statistics, social and economic statistics, mathematical statistics and theory of mobility, international and Galuzev statistics. Form, see, methods of caution. The process of statistical follow-up.
esse, additions 10/17/2014
Social and economic statistics as a sustainable science. Її the essence of that main method, scho zastosovuyutsya in it. Problems of integration of domestic statistics to international statistics. Head of social and economic statistics for the minds of the market economy.
lecture, donation 14.03.2010
Development of statistical science. The subject of statistics, the task of methodology. Structure of statistical science Organization of statistics in the Russian Federation. Zahalnoderzhna that vіdomcha statistics. Information Fund
abstract, additions 09.10.2006
The statistics of foreign economic communications (ZEZ) is like a picture of economic statistics. Peculiarities of the statistics of modern trade, the subject of caution and war. Commodities and services that make exports and imports, whether it be a country, are the object of the WEC statistics.
presentation, donation 05.12.2013
Object, subject that unity of caution in regional statistics. The principles of the systemic approach to the object of follow-up: integrity, structure, hierarchy and interrelation of the elements of the system. Development of state statistics of Russia in 2007-2011.
thesis work, donations 05/24/2014
The subject of statistical science and methodology. Complimentary to the course and methodical instructions on how to improve the control work. Workshop on the theory of statistics, nutrition before sleep (zaliku) and test. Initially-methodical security of the discipline and the completion of the task.
training manual, additions 10.08.2009
Understanding the subject of statistics, the theoretical foundations of that category, interrelationship with other sciences. The object is the method of statistics development. Main tasks, principles of organization and functions of state statistics before. Apply statistical regularities.
In the modern minds of Russia, statistics have gained a special status. For the adoption of effective management solutions, the necessary objective calculus analysis of the selected data, which can be done only with statistical tools.
Statistics - all the knowledge of the knowledge, in which they look at the food for the collection, analysis and wimir of mass statistical data about the object that is being studied.
The origin of statistics was due to the needs of the state administration. The word "statistics" is similar to the Latin word status (status) - camp chi camp. In view of this word, the Italian word "stato" (stato) was settled, under which the power was roused, and the region was occupied, as well as knowledge of the camp was right with them.
A round of blaming statistics as a science is called “political arithmetic”. The very representatives of this school, John Graunt and William Petty in England, for the help of statistical data, attempted to establish, for the help of statistical data, the laws of a suspended life. In science, the term "statistics" was used in the middle of the 18th century. German professor of philosophy and law Gottfried Achenwal (1719 - 1772). First of all, he began to read a new discipline and called it statistics.
First of all, to become a science in the modern mind, statistics has gone through a lot of stages.
Numerical data, as if they lay down to the ruins, began to stagnate for a long time. So, for example, as far back as 2238 BC. censuses of the population of China were carried out, and Ancient Rome s 435 r. e., instructed by the censuses, the appearance of the lane and the lands of the hromadas, the development of the military potential of the various powers. At Ancient light through the need to collect taxes, to carry out the military service of those various secondary purposes, it was necessary for the care of the family to occupy the population of that yogo accommodation. At that time, there was less choice of information.
At the development of statistics, you can name three straight developments. First - tse description, yoga representative of G. Achenval. Another straight forward is the school of political arithmetic.
The founders of this school are V. Petty and J. Graunt. On the cob of the XIX century. The third direct line of statistical science is blamed - statistical and mathematical (A. Quetelet, K. Pirson, R. Fisher and ing).
Intensive development of statistics in Russia began only until the end of the XI-X centuries. They began to regularly collect, compile and publish statistical information from financial, economic, social and demographic aspects. In 1857 p. in Russia, the Central Statistical Committee is the first to form, which is responsible for the selection and processing of information from the main directions of economic activity. The most developed statistics of industry the strong state, trade and transport, finance, education and health care. Significant respect was given to demographic statistics. Regularly observed the natural roc of the population. At 1897 p. the first global population census Russian Empire.
The role of the development of country statistics is significant for such scientists, like A.I. Chuprov, D.P. Zhuravsky, E.Yu. Janson, S.G. Strumilin, V.S. Nimchinov et al.
In this hour, statistics are looked at as a superb science, a pratical pragmatic
activity, primary discipline, how to develop a large-scale background of mass social and economic phenomena and processes in an indistinct link from their side of the path collection, processing and analysis of mass data, exclusion of the structure and separation of privacy, secrecy patterns of development, more mutual interdependence and interdependence.
Statistics as a science is its own subject and object of education, and includes such disciplines as the theory of statistics, economic statistics, socio-demographic statistics. Її osoblivіstyu and those scho statistichnі dаnі obroblyayutsya kolіkіsnoї ї ї і tobto. statistics speak to my numbers.
Statistics win a significant role in the suspіlstі. So, special attention is given to demographic statistics. The data of the population are requested by all equals of economic management. For the development of macroeconomic programs of social equality, information is needed about the actual and prospective number of the population, warehouse, and distribution on the territory of the country. For the development of an effective employment policy, it is necessary to know the number of the practical population, for the formation of pension security systems - the number of pensioners, for planning the development preschool education- The number of children of the senior year.
The need for demographic information on the regional level. Without reliable demographic information, there is no way to get food: how much is needed to start a new life, schools, children's kindergartens, polyclinics; What is enough food resources for the region to satisfy the needs of the population?
The population, be it a power, is already heterogeneous for its warehouse and less at the hour. With the assigned number of the population, there are settlements on the same date, such categories of population are eligible for insurance, as is the posting of that preparation.
The dynamics of the number of population is formed under the influx of two warehouses: natural and mechanical movement of the population.
On the 1st of March 2008, a new subject appeared on the map of Russia - the Trans-Baikal Territory. Він enter to the warehouse of the Siberian Federal District. To the warehouse edge enter: Agіnskiy Buryatskiy district, 31 district, 10 mіst and 45 settlements. The regional center is the city of Chita with a population of 318 ths. osib. The Trans-Baikal Territory is a Suvorian Siberian Territory with a unique, completely different nature.
So, the number of population in 2014 was 1090.3 thousand. osib (compared to the previous rock, the won changed by 4.9 thousand osib, or by 0.45%), including 731.7 thousand. osіb, scho to become 67.1%, todiyak silskogo - 358.6 yew. osib or 32.9%.
The number of people increased to the level of the mid-term period of the late birth by 53 individuals or by 0.3% and became 17445 cases, the death rate decreased by 68 cases or by 0.5% and amounted to 13595 cases. The natural growth of the population for the analysis period is 3850 individuals, the migration change of the population is 6742 individuals.
In this rank, one can say that statistics is a science, like a warehouse of skin care. For help, they characterize the changes that are taken, collect and systematize information.
List of references
1. Bagat A.V., Konkina M.M., Simchera V.M., Barmotin A.V. Statistics: heading help. - M.: Financial statistics, 2008. - 389 p.
2. Voronin V.F. , Zhiltsova Yu. V. Statistics: heading guide. – K.: Unity-Dana, 2012. – 579 p.
3. Vasilyeva E.K., Lyalin V.S. Statistics. - M.: Unity-Dana, 2012. - 339 p.
4. Gusarov V.M. , Kuznetsova E. I. Statistics: heading help. - M: Unity-Dana, 2012. - 480 p.
5. Goromikina T.K. General and legal statistics: Heading guide. - 4th species., - M.: MDІU, 2007. - 175 p.
6. The global theory of statistics. A course of lectures on practical butts / I.P. Milichenko, O.Є. Luginin. - Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2010. - 187 p.
7. Nomokonova O.A. Riven life near the Trans-Baikal Territory. / Management of economic systems: strategic planning for the development of the region: collection of articles of international sciences - practice. conf. / Transbaikal. holding un.-t. - Chita: ZabGU, 2015. - p. 163-168
8. [Electronic resource] http://chita.gks.ru
Statistics Statistics know us. Statistics is a knowledge of knowledge, demonstrating the main food of the collection, vimiryuvannya and the analysis of mass statistical kіlkіsnyh or yakіsnyh data; cultivating the kіlkіsnoї side of the mass suspіlnyh yavisch in the numerical form. Statistics is a general tool for planning and management that allows you to make the most objective estimates and make forecasts as close to reality as possible.
Warehouse statistics Today's statistics It is not one scientific discipline, but a series of Galuzev's statistics. Розрізняють такі її складові: Загальна теорія статистики, в якій викладаються її загальні принципи та методи економічна статистика, що вивчає систему показників народного господарства, його структуру, пропорції, взаємозв'язки галузей та елементів суспільного відтворення Галузеві статистики – промислова, сільськогосподарська, будівництва, транспорту , link, Demographic and other, for the establishment of such a system of indications, analysis.
De i yak u real life do we need statistical data? Data about statistics accompany us in the form of people, if there is a population of a child, there are statistics of changes in your growth, vaga. We know the statistics of transferring illnesses, chips. At schools, we keep statistics of success, while choosing a profession, we also have victorious statistics. In the home state, we keep statistics on income and spending, for rent, tariffs for public services Who allows us to know for what we pay and sob not to be fooled. We can say with certainty that the statistical data are standing by us in real life on the skin.
In order to show the activity of our class in the school life, we conducted a questionnaire: 1. What do you take part in the sports life of the school? Bring examples. 2. Do you take part in school creative competitions, like that in some? 3. Have you taken part in some favorable actions at school? 4. Have you taken part in some olympiads? 5. What kind of groups do you see at school? 6. Are you satisfied with eating at school far away? 7. If you plan to continue your studies at our school, if not, then where do you go after the 9th grade? I took the following results:
Visnovok: We have taken on this project, to give us a source of food: How is it possible to live on Earth without statistics? In addition, we had a chance to learn different materials and gain knowledge in mathematics lessons. We conducted an experiment to reveal the activity of our class in school life. Henceforth, provіvshi opituvannya, we dіyshli vysnovka, scho our class is actively taking part in school life. Take an active part in sports events, creative competitions, and various promotions. During the course of the project, I became more friends and learned about the interests of my classmates.
Perch Anna and Olena Usachova
The statistics are given more respect. Tsey divided the inclusions to GIA and EDI from mathematics. In these robots, there are examples of the main characteristics of statistics.
Municipal budgetary lighting installation
"Secondary education school No. 2"
Poshukovo-referative work.
The role of statistics in human life
Pupils 11 "b" class
Kerivnik: Voropaeva Olga Valentinivna, mathematics teacher
smt. Troitsko-Pechorsk
Berezen 2012
1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3
2. The main part………………………………………………………………………………5
2.1.The concept of statistics…………………………………………………………………...5
2.2.History of mathematical statistics……………………………………………..5
2.3. Simple statistical characteristics………………………………………6
2.4.Statistical follow-up……………………………………………………….8
2.4.1.Practical part…………………………………………………………..9
2.5. Collection and aggregation of statistical data……………………………………………………13
2.6. Visual display of statistical information……………………….15
3.Visnovok…………………………………………………………………………………18
4. References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
5.Additional…………………………………………………………………………………20
See three lies: little nonsense,
That statistic is a big lie.
O. Bismark
Entry
In this hour, nothing should be put under the summation of the need to include in the school course of mathematics the study of elements of statistics and the theory of immorality. About the need to study at school the elements of the theory of knowledge and statistics have been going on for a long time. At the turn of the third millennium, the universality of imovirnistno-statistical laws becomes obvious, stench became the basis for the description of the scientific picture of the world. Modern physics, chemistry, biology, demography, sociology, the whole complex of social and economic sciences develop on a probabilistic-statistical basis.
In our life, the elections and referendums, bank loans and insurance policies, tables of employment and diagrams of sociological experiments, which are based on the elements of statistics
And the very same development and understanding of the theory of imaginary and statistical problems especially reflect reality.
Meta robots: formulate a statement about statistical follow-up; processing of selected results, victorious statistical understanding.
Seeing this, you can see it like this task:
1. Put together a demographic picture of the district.
2. Formulate a statement about the possibility of describing and processing data for the help of different averages.
3. To learn to know the elements of statistics in a number of numerical data, to understand their practical meaning;
4. Look at the different methods and scientific images of the results of statistical studies.
Follow-up object: statistics as follow-up method.
Subject of inquiry: coefficient of population in the Troyetsko-Pechora region; the results of the trial EDI in 11th grades; physical data (advancement, vaga) of the students of the old Lanka toshcho.
follow-up methods:
1. Analysis and synthesis of popular science literature;
2. Empirical methods: vykonannya practical rozrahunkiv for the identification of the coefficient of nationality in the Trinity-Pechora region from 1979 to 2007; physical data of senior lankan scientists;
3. Method of mathematical modeling;
4. Systematization of the material;
5. Folding tables on the basis of taken data;
6.First appearance of statistical data. Dobіrka and folded the head of the zgіdno with the points of work and z decisions;
Understanding Statistics
STATISTICS is a science, as it is engaged in otrimany, processing and analysis of some data about various phenomena that exist in nature and that suspense. In the field of mass information, such phrases are most often used, such as accident statistics, population statistics, illness statistics, separation statistics and others.
One of the main tasks of statistics is the field of information processing. Obviously, the statistics have a lot of other tasks: the selection of the collection of information, the variation of various forecasts, the assessment of their reliability, etc. The cost of these purposes is unattainable without data processing. The first thing that the varto does is to use statistical methods to collect information. And to that there are a lot of terms adopted by statistics.
MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS - division of mathematics, assignments to methods and rules of processing and analysis of statistical data
History of mathematical statistics
The appearance of the population is a vineyard for a long time in connection with the tax and military activities of the powers and the heads of their administrative system.
In Egypt, the appearances of the population were carried out, beginning with the dobi of the Old Kingdom (2800 - 2250 BC).
Є vіdomostі about those, scho the appearance of the population in ancient China and ancient Japan. At the same time, reports about the conduct of the appearance of the population in Mesopotamia arrive.
Views of the population in ancient Greece, in Attica, where in the 4th century BC. buv carrying out the appearance of the grown-up people, and in Ancient Rome, de z 435 r. BC
The first publication for statistics is the "Book of Numbers" in the Bible, Old Testament, in a yakіy it is told about the census of the viyskozovozobov'yazanih, carrying out under the kerіvnitstvom of Moses and Aaron.
Previously, the term "statistics" we know artistic literature- Shakespeare's "Hamlet" (1602, act 5, scene 2). Shakespeare's sense of the word is nobles, courtiers.
Randomly, under the statistics, the descriptions of the economic and political state of the powers of the chi її parts were reviewed. For example, until 1792, the appointment was made: “statistics describing the state of power in a given hour, or at a certain moment in the past”. In this hour, the activity of the sovereign statistical services is entirely within the purpose of appointment.
In Russia, the first census of the population for fiscal purposes was carried out on 1245 p.
However, step by step the term "statistics" became more widely used. For Napoleon Bonaparte, "statistics are the budget of speeches." Zgidno z formularyuvannyam 1833 p. "The meta-statistics of the submitted facts in the most compressed form".
Mathematical statistics, like science, originates from the work of the famous German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gaus (1777-1855).For example, XIX century. - on the cob of the XX century. a great contribution to mathematical statistics was made by English successors, for example K. Pirson (1857-1936) and R. A. Fisher (1890-1962).In the 30s of the 20th century, the Pole Jerzy Neiman (1894-1977) and the Englishman E. Pirson developed a fundamental theory of reversing statistical hypotheses,and radian mathematicians academician O.M. Kolmogorov (1903-1987) and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the SRSR N.V. Smirnov (1900-1966) laid the foundations of non-parametric statistics.
At the forties of the XX century. Romanian mathematician A. Wald (1902–1950) inspired the theory of sequential statistical analysis.
Mathematical statistics are rapidly developing.
The simplest statistical characteristics
At everyday life we, without guessing, victoriously understand: the median, mode, range, and the arithmetic mean. Navit if we go to the store chi robimo tidy up.
1. Arithmetic mean seriesnumbers are called a part of the sum of these numbers from their own number. The arithmetic mean is an important characteristic of low numbers, but sometimes it is also possible to look at other middles.
When is it necessary and not necessary arithmetic mean?
There is a sense to calculate the average cost in sіm'ї on products, the average yield of potatoes in the city, the average waste on products, to understand how to work an offensive time, so that there was no great overheating, the average estimate for a quarter - according to them, to supply an estimate for a quarter.
There is no way to calculate the average salary of my mother and Abramovich, the average temperature of a healthy and sick person, average expansion vzuttya in me that in my brother.
2. Fashion name the number of the row, as it is most common in this row. You can boldly say that this number is “fashionable” for this row. Such an ostentatious, like a fashion, victorious like for numerical data. If, for example, to study a great group of scholars, which school subject suits them the most, then the fashion of the low grades will show that subject, which is named most often.
Fashion is an ostentatious thing, which is widely favored by statistics. One of the most famous vikoristan is fashion and drink. For example, when eating food, in packs like a bag, pack oil, like an air flight, etc., you will drink in front of you and the fashion will appear - a promise, which is most often heard.
Respectfully, what is in the lava, what is seen in real statistical data, some people see more than one mod. If there are a lot of data in a row, then the meanings become clearer, as they are more often said for others. These statistics can also be called fashion.
When is fashion needed?
Fashion is important for people who choose the most popular clothes, vzuttya, sacks of juice, packs of chips, popular style clothes
Prote perebuvannya arithmetic mean chi modi yakі zavzhdi allows robit nadіyni vysnovki z urakhuvannyam statistical data. If there is a row of data, then, in the case of average values, it is required to indicate how much money is given to differ among themselves.
One of the statistical data range.
3. Swipe - ce difference between the largest and smallest values in a number of data.
If you need and not need roses?
The range of a row is known to be the same, if you want to designate it, a great spread of data in a row. For example, with a stretch, they indicated the temperature of the check at the city. For the selected series of data, it is not only possible to calculate the arithmetic mean, which shows how the average temperature is, but also to know the range of the series, which characterizes the fluctuation of temperature by stretching the line. For the temperature on Mercury, for example, the range is 350 + 150 = 500 C. Obviously, such a temperature difference cannot be seen by a person.
4. Another important statistical characteristic for a number of data median . Sound the median at times, if the numbers in the row are some kind of show-offs and you need to know, for example, a person who showed an average result, a company with an average income, an airline company that offers average prices for tickets, and so on.
The median of a series, which is made up of an unpaired number of numbers, is called the number of a given series, as it appears in the middle, so as to order this series. The median of a row, which is made up of a pair of numbers, is called the arithmetic mean of two numbers of the row, which stand in the middle.
If the median is not needed?
The median often zastosovuetsya with lower statistical characteristics, and after it alone you can choose the results higher or lower than the median.
Statistical follow-up
"Statistics knows everything"- Ilf and Petrov affirmed in their famous novel "The Twelve Styles" and continued: yatnikiv, lighthouses and sewing machines ... Like a rich life, a full fuse, passions and thoughts, marvel at us from statistical tables! .. qi zapitannya vіdpovіdaє statistics (Vіd іtаlіyskogo stato - power, latin status - camp).
Practical part
Collection of data for additional elements of statistics.
Exhibit 1: We collected information on the number of people and people in our district, starting from 1979 to 2007. For the help of the formula, the riven of the nationality was forfeited. Let's try to measure all statistical indicators to the point of magnitude.
rіk | Number, ths. | people | Population coefficient |
1979 | 28,6 | ||
1980 | 28,7 | ||
1987 | 27,4 | ||
1989 | 26,2 | ||
1990 | 26,1 | ||
1991 | 25,6 | ||
1992 | 25,2 | ||
1993 | 24,8 | ||
1994 | 24,3 | ||
1995 | |||
1996 | 22,2 | ||
1997 | 21,3 | ||
1998 | 20,5 | ||
1999 | 19,9 | ||
2000 | 19,4 | ||
2001 | 18,2 | ||
2002 | 17,9 | ||
2003 | 17,5 | 10,9 |
|
2004 | 17,3 | ||
2005 | 16,8 | ||
2006 | 16,5 | ||
2007 | 16,2 | 10,8 |
1. Arithmetic mean
Rik | 1979 | 1980 | 1987 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
number, Yew. | 28,6 | 28,7 | 27,4 | 26,2 | 26,1 | 25,6 | 25,2 | 27,8 | 24,3 | 23,1 | 21,2 | 21,3 | 20,5 | 20,2 | 19,4 | 18,2 | 17,9 | 17,5 | 17,3 | 16,8 | 16,5 | 16,2 |
Population, % | 10,9 | 10,8 |
(28,6+28,7+27,4+26,2+26,1+25,6+25,2+27,8+24,3+23,1+21,2+21,3+20,5+20,2+19,4+18,2+17,9+17,5+17,3+16,8+16,5+16,2)/22=22,09 - arithmetic mean number
(19+18+20+17+14+15+12+10+9,9+9,3+9,9+9,1+7,2+7,1+7+8,7+9+10,9+8,8+9+9+10,8)/22=
11.39 arithmetic mean of the population factor
2.Space
The range of numbers to become: 28.7-16.2 \u003d 12.5.
Population: 19; 18; 20; 17; 14; 15; 12; 10; 9.9; 9.3; 9.9; 9.1; 7.2; 7.1; 7; 8.7; 9; 10.9; 8.8; 9; 9; 10.8
The range of the coefficient of nationality to become: 20-7 = 13.
3.Fashion
Number: 28.6; 28.7; 27.4; 26.2; 26.1; 25.6; 25.2; 27.8; 24.3; 23.1; 21.2; 21.3; 20.5; 20.2; 19.4; 18.2; 17.9; 17.5; 17.3; 16.8; 16.5; 16.2
Fashion is not recognized
Population:19; 18; 20; 17; 14; 15; 12; 10; 9.9; 9.3; 9.9; 9.1; 7.2; 7.1; 7; 8.7; 9; 10.9; 8.8; 9; 9; 10.8
Modern fashion 9
4.Median
Population:7; 7.1; 7.2; 8.7; 8.8; 9; 9; 9; 9.1; 9.3; 9.9; 9.9; 10; 10.8; 10.9; 12; 14; 15; 17; 18; 19; 20
Median cost: 9.6
Example 2. We know the statistical indicators of the growth of students in the 11th grade.
PIB | Zrist |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 168,5 |
| 165,5 |
| 180,5 |
| |
| 157,5 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 146,5 |
| |
| 157,5 |
| 163,5 |
| |
| |
| 171,5 |
| 174,5 |
| 164,5 |
| |
| |
| |
| 173,5 |
| 156,5 |
| 165,5 |
| |
|
1. Arithmetic mean
180+165+167+169+182+170+168,5+165,5+180,5+173+157,5+178+168+174+160+170+146,5+152+163+157,5+163,5+187+184+171,5+174,5+164,5+150+172+159+173,5+156,5+165,5+154+174=5696,5/34=167,5
2.Space
187-146,5=40,5
3.Fashion
Older fashion: 170, 165.5, 157.5, so qi numbers are repeated twice
4.Median
(146,5+152)/2=149,25
Selection and grouping of statistical data
For the investigation of various social and economic phenomena, as well as other processes that occur in nature, special statistical investigations are carried out. Whether it is statistically more accurate, it is based on the purpose of collecting information about the phenomenon that is being developed, or the process. This stage is called the stage of statistical guarding.
For the sake of generalization and systematization of data, taken away as a result of statistical caution, they are divided into groups for some sign and the results of the grouping are generated in the table (frequency tables, tables of visible frequencies).
Let's take a look at such an example: The teacher passed the test in algebra of the middle classes in eleven classes in algebra, which took 12 days. The robot was beaten by 17 students. Under the hour of rechecking the skin work, the reader determined the number of correctly counted tasks. The result has the following series of numbers:
6, 7, 9, 8,11, 12,0 ,4,4,5,6,6,5,9,8,4,5
To manually analyze the taken data, ordering the whole series:
0, 4, 4, 4, 5,5 ,5,6, 6, 6 ,8 ,8, 9 ,9,10,11,12.
We will remove the data from the table, in the same way for the skin number, correctly entered the date written in the upper row, indicate in the lower row the number of the number that appeared in the row, that is. frequency:
Number of balls | |||||||||
frequency |
Such a table is called a frequency table.
In the examined butt, the sum of frequencies has a richer number of robits, which are distorted, tobto. 17.
Vzagali, as the result of additional representations in the table of frequencies, then the amount is often higher than the total number of data in the series. After the selection of that grouping of data, we proceed to their analysis, vicorista for many different omissions. In the simplest way, you will get the statistical characteristics, like the arithmetic mean, mode, median, range.
We analyze the results of the re-verification of the robotic scientists.
Arithmetic mean-6.6; range-12; fashion-4,5,6; median-6. At the examined application for the analysis of the results of the test, the scientists have compiled a table of frequencies. Sometimes they put together a table, in which for the skin data it is indicated not the frequency, but the increase in frequency to the total number of data in the series. Tse vіdnoshennia, expressed in vіdsotkakh, called vіdnosnoy frequency, the table itself, the table vіdnosnyh frequencies.
At the butt, there is a large number of sukupnosti - tse kіlkіst uchnіv, like robots wrote, tobto. 17. The table of external frequencies looks like this:
Number of balls | |||||||||
frequency | |||||||||
Visible frequency | 5,8% | 17,6% | 17,6% | 17,6% | 11,7% | 11,7% | 5,8% | 5,8% | 5,8% |
It doesn't matter if you change the sum of the visible frequencies to 100%.
At the point of application examined on the cob, the results of the test with students of one 11th grade were analyzed. That very test could be taken for a broad review of the mathematical preparation of students, for example, to teach it to the 11th grade students in the district. Respectfully, the organization of such a re-verification is connected with serious difficulties in translating texts from the factory to school, collecting and re-verifying the work of students, processing and taking away the results. In the wake of carrying out any kind of mass follow-up, it will require great organizational efforts and financial investments. For example, the census of the population is connected with the preparation of various documents, supervision and instruction of census takers, collection of information, processing of selected records.
In quiet moods, if it’s difficult to find it impossible to carry out a successful study, it should be replaced with a vibrator. In case of vibirkovom doslіdzhennі z usієї doslіdzhuvanої sukupnії danih, zvanі ї general її suupnіstyu, svіbrаєє її її її sever part, tobto. there is a vibratory sukupnіst that needs to be completed. At whom the choice can be representative, chi, as it seems, representative, tobto. kicking characteristic features doslіdzhuvanoї general ї sukupnostі.
Initial presentation of statistical information
For a preliminary presentation of data, taken from the results of statistical investigation, various methods of their image are widely used.
One of the best other ways a daily tribute to a number of tributes stovpfrequently diagrams. The same parts of the diagrams are victorious, if you want to illustrate the dynamics of changing data at the hour or subdivide the data obtained from the result of the statistical follow-up.
The table shows data about the coefficients of nationality for rock. Behind these danim, a hundredfold diagram was induced.
Rik | 1980 | 1987 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
|
Population, % | 10,9 | 10,8 |
For the final image, the spіvvіdshennya mіzh parts doslіdzhuvanої sukupnostі manually vikoristovuvat circle diagrams.
Respectfully, the circular diagram saves its sharpness and versatility only for the few parts of the totality. Otherwise її zastosuvannya is not very effective.
Let's look at the example: The number of women in 2007 was 175. Of them, up to 17 years, 4 girls were born, 18-24 years, 73 women were born, 25-34 - 83 and 34 and older than 16 women.
We will show the price on a circular diagram:
The dynamics of changes in statistical data at the hour is often illustrated for an additional polygon. To encourage the landfill to be assigned to coordinate plane points, the abscissas of which are the moments and the hour, and the ordinates are the relevant statistical data. The successive successive qi dots in the vіrіzkami, possess the lamana, as they call it a polygon. Polygons of vicory for the scientific image were drawn under the data obtained from the result of the statistical investigation. If the given data is presented as a table of frequencies and audible frequencies, then the polygon should be assigned points near the coordinate plane, the abscissas of which serve as statistical data, and the ordinates - their frequencies and audible frequencies. Z'ednavshi tsі points vіrіzkami, win a polygon rozpodіlu danih.
Let's look at an example. At the class, we were given a test at home for confirmation, which is made up of 20 days. We asked the students of the 11th grade to record an approximate hour, which stench they spent on vikonannya th test. We collected the data, put together a table of frequencies and prompted the polygon.
Visnovok
The head oblіkovo-statistical center to the State Committee of the Russian Federation of Statistics (Derzhkomstat of Russia), creations 1994 r. The head of this structure includes a systematic analysis of the social and economic situation of the Russian Federation, driving dynamic processes on the cob market. The State program for the transition to the international practice of the system of appearance of statistics was adopted (1993-1996), the Federal Target Program "Statistics Reform in 1997-2000" was expanded. Reading the press, staring at the television, the phrase is often heard: “According to statistics ...”, “Statistics of health protection, unemployment statistics, statistics of price indestructibility” is thin. Mene, like a graduate middle school, zatsіkavilo: What are the statistics and what is needed? Possibly, this work is in line with the choice of my profession. Qia robot is recognized for the development of statistical characteristics and statistical follow-up. Vaughn allows, in an osnayomlyuvalny plan, to find out what statistics and the simplest characteristics of vain are. In robots, the changes in these values are explained on available butts, which rely on information that we have taken from our school. Krіm tsgogo, pochatkovі vyavlennya about sbіr and aggregation of statistical data, folded tables of frequencies and vіdnosnyh frequencies; familiarity with the knowledge of the frequency tables of the main statistical characteristics - arithmetic mean, range, mod and median. Different ways of visualizing the results of statistical studies are considered: on the basis of parts and pie charts, polygons.
Let's assume that our work will help the young ones looked at by us, teachers of grade 9 and teachers for voicing in the classroom. Tsya robot can be asked to conduct elective courses in grade 9, in order to increase the interest in mathematics students. Tse nadali additionally be appointed from the choice of the profile class in the senior lance.
I think that we can continue to develop these values for the further development of those important in the current industry, as a way of understanding the results of statistical studies, which are widely represented in the mass media.
List of references
addendum
1) Sergiy took the following four scores from mathematics: one "two", three "triples", five "fours" and one "five". Find the sum of the arithmetic mean and modi yogo estimates.
2) Recorded average temperature (in degrees) near Moscow for five days at the same month: 6; 7; 7; 9; 11. How many are the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the median?
3) the length (in centimeters) of five numbers is written: 156,166, 134, 132, 132.
4) Five friends knew the vіdhilennya (at the hvilins) to show their wrist yearners at the exact hour: -2, 0.3, -5, -1. Find the sum of the arithmetic mean of this set of numbers and that of the median.
5) The number (in rubles) of glazed sirks "Smak" was recorded in the shops of the microdistrict: 3,5,6,7,9,4,8. On how many points does the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the first median count?
6) The amount of electricity (in kW) was recorded for the duration of the first five months of the year: 138, 140, 135, 132, 125.
7) The arithmetic mean of a series that consists of 10 numbers is 16. The number 27 was assigned to the first row. What is the arithmetic mean of a new series of numbers?
8) The average of the arithmetic series, which is added from 10 numbers to 16. The number 7 was added to the third row. Why is the arithmetic average of the new series of numbers?
9) Kozhen z 9 participants zmagan zі shooting zrobiv 10 shots. The number of hits on the skin target of these participants was recorded: 12, 10, 5, 4, 6, 8, 9, 5, 4.
10) Five spіvrobіtnikіv vіddіlu pridbali shares of the same vartosti deyakogo joint-stock partnership. The number of shares recorded by the skin of spivrobitnikiv was recorded: 5, 10, 12, 7, 3. How many are the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the first median?
11) At the university, keep a good look of the leaves that you have come. On the basis of this appearance, an advancing row of tributes was taken away (the number of leaves that were found today by the stretch of this type): 39, 43, 40, 56.38, 21, 1. . On how many points does the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the first median count?
12) Aleksey took the following marks from physics: two “twos”, two “threes”, two “fours”, two “fives”. Find out the sum of the arithmetic mean and the median of the scores.
13) The growth (in centimeters) of five numbers is written: 164, 162, 156, 132, 136.
14) Five friends knew the vіdhilennya (at the hvilins) to show their wrist yearbooks at the exact hour: -1, 0, -4, -1, 1. Find out the sum of the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers that yogo modi.
15) The number (in rubles) of glazed circles "Malyuk" was recorded at the shops of microdistricts: 4, 4, 6, 7, 11, 9, 8. Find the sum of the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers that yogo modi.
16) A number of numbers 3, 7, 15, _, 21 have one number missing. Know the number, as it seems, that the arithmetic mean of the row of numbers is more than 12.
17) The amount of electricity (in kW) was recorded for the first five months of the year: 146, 140, 138, 136, 130.
18) The arithmetic mean of the series, which is composed of 10 numbers, is 18. Before this series, the number 29 was assigned. What is the arithmetic mean of the new series of numbers?
19) Kozhen іz 9 participants zmagannya zі shooting zrobiv 10 shots. The number of dermal hits was recorded for these participants: 9, 8, 6, 5, 6, 9, 6, 5.9. On how many points does the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the first median count?
20) Recorded mean temperature (in degrees) near Moscow for five days at black month: 25,27,29,24,25. On how many points does the arithmetic mean of the set of numbers in the first median count?
Relevance by those who have statistical evidence of the most important warehouse intellectual baggage of a modern person. The stench is needed in every day life, the rocks in our life have become very popular in elections and referendums, bank loans and insurance policies, tables of employment and diagrams of sociological studies, needs and for the continuation of education in such galleys, like sociology, tactics, economics, medicine .
Tables and diagrams are widely cited in advanced literature, in mass information. Powerful and commercial structures regularly collect large sums of money about the support of that too much middle ground. The data are published in the table and diagram.
Suspіlstvo more and more begin to grow to yourself and pragmatically grow forecasts about yourself and the phenomena of nature, yakі vymagayut ymovіrnіst manifestations. The skin of a person can be kindly oriented at the source of information.
We can learn to live in my own situation. And tse means vitiaguvati, analyze and process information, accept priming decisions in different situations with negative influences.
The object of investigation was their class.
Subject of inquiry :
Meta follow up:
Follow-up task:
1. Read literature on this topic.
2. Collect information for confirmation of statistical characteristics.
3. Collect this information.
4. Interpret the results of statistical studies.
5. Submit the information directly to the otriman.
follow-up methods :
Etapi roboti :
Plan of work (further):
1. Analysis of the initial and supplementary literature from the source.
2. Carrying out a questionnaire, testing among students of class 9A.
3. Obrobka otrimanih data, pobudov graphic and diagram.
4. Analysis, aggregation and comparison of results.
Methodology and materials.
1. Compilation of questionnaires to test the public opinion.
2. Selection of material from the researched topics.
3. Analysis of the selected material.
4. Interpretation of statistical results.
5. At first sight the results of the statistical studies.
Questions for testing:
1. Love is the subject of learning.
2. Graduation and academic year for 2013-2014 pp., 2014-2015 pp., 2015-2016 pp.
3. Favorite telecasts of fathers and teachers.
4. Loved the transfer of learning.
5. Rosemary vzuttya uchniv.
6. Loves of a partner chi a partner of a student.
7. Achievement of academics for the 1st April for 2015-2016 initial review of the main subjects.
2.1. What are statistics
Statistics (in the form of Latin status) is the science of learning, which analyzes and analyzes a lot of data about the most significant mass phenomena in life.
The term "statistics" dates back to the middle of the 18th century. Meaning "dominion". Nabuv wide in monasteries. Gradually gaining a selective value. From one side, statistics - the whole set of numerical indicators that characterize the successive phenomena and processes (statistics of practice, statistics of transport).
In addition, according to statistics, it is practical to understand the activity from the collection, analysis, analysis of data from different lives.
On the third side, statistics are the results of the mass appearance, published in various collections. Nareshti, in the natural sciences, statistics are called methods and methods for assessing the validity of data of mass caution to mathematical formulas. In this rank, statistics is a suspіlna science, scho vvchaє kіlkіsny bіk mass suspіlnyh yavishch v nerazryvnuyu zv'yazku s їkhіsnoy side.
2.2. See statistics
Types of statistics: financial, biological, economic, medical, tax, meteorological, demographic. Mathematical statistics - a division of mathematics, which develops mathematical methods for processing and compiling statistical data for scientific and practical developments.
2.3. Statistical characteristics
The main statistical characteristics are arithmetic mean, mode, range, median.
The middle arithmetic series of numbers is called a part of the sum of the sum of these numbers by their number.
Fashion is called the number of the row, as it is most common in this row. Fashion is the value of the sign (option), which is most often repeated in the next marriage.
The range is the value of the highest and the lowest value of low data.
The median of a series, which is made up of an unpaired number of numbers, is called the number of a given series, as it appears in the middle, so as to order this series.
2.4. Processing of information
Methods for collecting and processing numerical data from any specific science fields become the subject of various special statistics, for example, physical, mirror, economic, medical, demographic, etc. know what to become the subject of good mathematical statistics. Statistically careful - the selection of the necessary data of any phenomena, the processes of life. It is possible to carry out an experiment of the public opinion, to know the central tendencies of low data: arithmetic mean, fashion, median, range; to give an interpretation to the results of the statistical data and to directly submit the information to the otriman.
But not every choice of data, but rather planned, scientific organization, systematic and directing for registration signs, characteristic for further phenomena and processes. In view of the quality of data, taking away the first stage, laying the final results of the investigation.
For the development of various sustainable and social and economic phenomena, as well as other processes that occur in nature, special statistical studies should be carried out. follow-up methods : analysis of literature, questionnaire, statistical survey, statistical analysis of data, analysis, comparison of results.
Whether it is statistically more accurate, it is based on the purpose of collecting information about the phenomenon that is being developed, or the process.
The statistical method transmits the following sequence:
The passage of the skin stage is connected with the use of special methods, which are explained by the splendid victorious work.
Statistical watchfulness methods
Substantiation for the registration of facts can either be documents, or a thought is made, or timing data. At zv'azku z tsim disparate warnings:
Statistics have the following ways of collecting information:
2.5. Graphic presentation of data
It is impossible to reveal modern science without stowing graphs. The stench has become the subject of scientific zagalnennya.
The vibrancy, dokhіdlivіst, conciseness, versatility, accessibility of graphic images made them indispensable in the last work and in international competitions and in the context of social and economic phenomena.
Statistical graph - the whole chair, in which the statistical totality, characterized by singing displays, is described with the help of intelligent geometric images and symbols. Submission of these tables as a graph copes with a stronger impact, lower numbers, allowing you to better understand the results of statistical caution, correct their vitlumachity, significantly easier understanding of statistical material, making it more accurate and accessible. However, this does not mean that the graphs may be less illustrative. The stench is to give new knowledge of the subject, being a method of aggregating visual information.
The importance of the graphical method in the analysis of the relevant data is great. The graphical representation of the front allows us to control the reliability of statistical indicators, the shards presented on the graph, the stench is more likely to show obvious inaccuracies, due to the presence of pardons of caution, or to the day of the appearance, which is being shown. For the help of a graphic image, it is possible to develop the laws of development of a phenomenon, the establishment of mutual interrelationships. Simply setting these data as a rule gives the opportunity to catch the manifestation of causal fallacies, at the same time їx graphically depicting a combination of revealing causal links, especially when the cob hypotheses are established, then later we will try further developments. Graphs are also widely used to showcase the structure of the appearances, changing them at the hour and placing them in the open space. The stench manifests itself in a different way due to the characteristics and it is clearly visible the main trends in the development and mutual connection, the power of the process.
When prompted by a graphic image, it was possible to finish trimming. We can finish the graph beforehand, so that the entire scho of the graphic image as a method of analysis in that I believe, to accurately depict statistical indicators.
Methods of graphic presentation of data: diagrams, histograms, graphs.
Diagrams are the widest way of graphic images. Tse graphs of kіlkіsnyh stosunkіv. See that ways to encourage them to be different. Diagrams are drawn up for reference in different aspects (space, time and other) independent of each other values: territory, population thin.
The most extensive way of graphic representation of the structure of statistical aggregates is a sector diagram, which is considered the main form of diagrams of such a recognition. This is why it is explained that the idea of the whole is more good and is manifested as a stake, as if it represents all the sinfulness. Pitoma of the skin part of the complexion of the sector diagram is characterized by the size of the central kut (kut between the radii of the stake). The sum of all cuts of the stake, which is equal to 360 °, is equal to 100%, and also, 1% is taken equal to 3.6 °.
For a clear image of the phenomena, the lavas of the dynamics are filled with diagrams: stovpchikovі, strіchkovі, square, circle, linear, radial and others. It is more important to choose the type of diagrams to lie down due to the peculiarities of the weekend data, mark the follow-up.
If the number of lines in a number of dynamics is large, dotally zastosovuvaty line diagrams, as if to create an uninterrupted development in a seemingly uninterrupted laman line. In addition, line diagrams are hand-picked: as a method of investigating the image of a global trend and the nature of the development of the phenomenon; if on one graph it is necessary to depict a streak of dynamic rows with the method of their alignment; yakscho the most important is the setting of the pace of growth, but the chi is not equal. To encourage linear graphs, set up a system of rectangular coordinates.
Polygon illustrating the dynamics of changes in statistical data over time, allowing you to judge the value of the value at the first points, it is not possible to know the value of the value of the value at the intermediate points.
For the image of the interval series, a histogram is drawn - a stepped figure that is formed from closed rectangles. The basis of the skin rectum is the same as the previous interval, and the height is the frequency of the visible frequency.
Carrying out my research, I once again changed my mind that mathematics had risen to my everyday life, and I no longer remember that I live according to its laws. I began to study the statistical characteristics of that first appearance. In the course of the investigation, she learned to systematize, to present data in person, to refine and rob the visnovki.
The role of statistics in life is significant, which, often without ignoring and understanding, constantly victorious elements of statistical methodology in labor processes, and in everyday life. Prazuyuchi, rabbeschychi, knowing, know the most likely people, Jacquelly, Lyudina, brown with a singing system of enormousness, smacked I Zvichka, a factory, a systematizer rob specific podії. In this way, the human skin contains elements of a statistical mind, which allows me to create an analysis and synthesis of information about the current world.
But remember that one and the same statistical information can be interpreted differently by people, and those that, if I want to get reliable information, it’s better to know not one indicator, but two, but best of all: arithmetic mean, fashion, median roses.
Literature
