Plato respected that philosophy begins with wonder. Science also begins with wonder - wonder at the inner workings of nature, and all natural sciences, including psychology, were initially part of philosophy.
Over the course of a century, outside of science, independence from philosophy gradually emerged. Psychology, one of the rest, “emerged like a father,” losing some of its philosophy right up to the 19th century. The founders of psychology were both philosophers and psychologists, and today’s psychology has preserved Ukraine’s close ties with philosophy.
For many centuries, the history of psychology has been largely the history of philosophy, especially such areas as philosophy of mind, epistemology and ethics. The literal translation of the word “psychology” is the teaching of the soul, although the term itself did not take root until the 17th century, but became very widespread after the 19th century.
Philosophers and religious figures from all over the world argued wildly about the nature of the soul, a topic known to philosophers as philosophy of reason. Where does the soul sleep? What is nature like? What is its significance? How is it tied from the body? Although psychologists do not accept the name “soul”, giving preference to the term “mind”, which has less religious significance, they are asked by the same foods that are turbulent. Those psychologists who define psychology as the training of behavior, and those who do not train the mind, represent them in different ways.
Since the ancient times of the Greeks, philosophers have been obsessed with the problem of how people understand the world. This directly rejected the name epistemology (gnoseology), from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (purity). Nutrition about how people understand the world, including nutrition about perception, perception, memory and thinking - a whole world that psychologists call cognitive psychology.
Ethics is another area where philosophers (and religious thinkers) share with psychology. If ethics, the main rank, is to deal with nutrition, as people behave, practical ethics should lie beneath the understanding of human nature. Are people kind by nature? What motives do people have? Which traces should be exhaled from them, and which ones should be smothered? Who are the people of great origins? What is the secret style of good living that we should strive to achieve?
Such nutrition is essentially psychological, and it is possible to respond to it by learning from human nature. Ethical manifestations appear in many people in psychology. In scientific psychology, we identify them with trained motivation and emotion, mate and sexual behavior. Applied psychology, whether business, industrial or management, individual clinical or counseling psychology, is closely related to human ethics.
Although the conceptual foundations of psychology are similar to philosophy, the idea of psychology as an independent science is similar to biology. The idea that the functions that philosophers attribute to the mind actually lie behind the underlying processes in the brain has been around for hours. Ancient Greece Ale became illegal in the middle of the 19th century.
The founders of psychology realized that speculative philosophy and religion could become natural sciences. The young scientist of biology - the theory of evolution - also laid the foundations of scientific psychology. Philosophers and psychologists, especially British and American, began to wonder about nutrition, which has great wisdom in the fight for nutrition and the evolution of natural selection.
Why do we want to be famous? What is the intelligence of creatures? This new food bubbled up and inhaled psychologists from the very beginning. So, we must look not only at the abstract nutritional philosophy, but also at the intricate functioning of the brain as it grows, and nervous system from ancient times to the present day.
At the same time, over the course of the last decade - the current era of the brain - the hopes of the first psychologists for physiology will earn their due. They suspected that psychological processes could be linked with physiological ones, but then, throughout the 20th century, psychology emerged from a physiological orientation. Today, having acquired the latest techniques for tracking the brain, psychologists have turned to the latest jokes. At that very moment, the new field of evolutionary psychology turned to the old fundamental nutrition of human nature (R. Wright, 1994).
Wanting the importance of the subject of psychology from the beginning to be super-sharp, starting from the 19th century. And to this day there has been a lot of talk about the fact that psychology is (or is considered to be) a science. People are looking for science to explain why the world, mind and body function the way they do and not the other way.
His treatise “On the Soul” was written by the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle. It is important that among other knowledge about the soul, one of the first things to be concluded is that “there is knowledge about the highest and most marvelous things.” In another way, psychology has a special form of fragments in it that the object and subject of knowledge become angry.
To explain this, I’ll quickly jump to one level. The Axis is popular among people. From the beginning, while still in childhood, he neither knows nor remembers himself. Prote developments are progressing at a rapid pace. Its physical and mental properties are formed; learn to walk, study, understand, talk. With the help of these features, the world knows the world; starts working with someone else; the spilting area expands.
The 1st axis step by step, from the depths of childhood, comes to a new one and step by step grows especially in view of the powerful “I”. Here the young man begins to take on new forms. They ask: “Who am I? Who am I?”, and later “Who am I?”
Those mental abilities and functions that have previously served the child as a way to master the external world - physical and social, are used for self-discovery; the stench itself becomes a subject of comprehension and awareness. This very process can be carried out on the scale of all humanity.
In the first place, the main forces of people went into the fight against the new world, mastering the outside world. People extracted fire, fell upon wild creatures, fought with native tribes, and gained the first knowledge about nature.
The people of that period, like an incredible thing, do not remember themselves. The strength and capacity of mankind gradually grew. Based on their mental abilities, people created material and spiritual culture; writing, mysticism, and science appeared. And the axis has come when a person has given himself power: what are the forces that give him the ability to create, explore and support himself, what is the nature of his mind, what laws are he ordered internally, spiritually? life?
This is also the people of the self-knowledge of humanity, i.e. the people of psychological knowledge. The idea, when it has come out, can be briefly stated as follows: just as before a person’s thought was directed towards the outside world, now it has turned on itself. Lyudina decided that with the help of the Mystery, she could begin to follow the Mystery herself.
Well, the field of psychology is much more complex than that of any other science, because only in it the idea takes a turn on itself. It is only in this that a person’s scientific knowledge becomes scientific self-knowledge. The specialty of psychology lies in its unique practical heritage.
Practical results in the development of psychology are not only unequally important for the results of any other science, but they are clearly different. To know what's going on means to understand what's going on, to learn how to manage it.
Learn to manage your mental processes, functions, abilities - the task is, of course, more grandiose than, for example, mastering the cosmos. In this case, it is necessary to especially emphasize that, knowing yourself, people are changeable in themselves.
Psychology has already accumulated a wealth of facts that show how people’s new knowledge about themselves helps others: it changes their vision, their goals, their state and their experiences. Once again we go to the scale of all humanity, then we can say that psychology is a science that not only knows, but also constructs and creates people.
And although this idea is not immediately accepted, voices continue to sound louder, calling to understand this peculiarity of psychology, how to give it a special type of science.
It must be said that psychology is a very young science. Much less understood: we can say that, like the well-known pod, it must go through a period of formation of the spiritual forces of mankind, so that stench becomes the subject of scientific reflection.
Lessons from the book Gippenreiter Yu.B. "Introduction to underground psychology"
Psychology(“psyche” - soul, “logos” - knowledge, science) is a Greek word, literally meaning “science about the soul.” What is the main point of psychology, which is the science of the psyche. Zagalom is correct, I want some clarification. At the moment spouse's information The words “soul” and “psyche” are actually synonymous: scientific psychology prefers to use the term “psyche” more accurately, while religious thinkers and philosophers speak about “soul”.
The word "psychology" has a rich meaning. In the original language, the word “psychology” is used to characterize the mental makeup of a particularity, the particularity of another person, a group of people: “someone (they) has such a psychology.”
Pre-scientific psychology- this is the knowledge of other people and yourself directly in the processes of activity and mutual interaction of people. According to the words of the French psychologist P. Janet (1859-1947), this is psychology, as people create before psychologists. Here, activity and knowledge of evil come together, reflecting the need to understand other people and transfer their ideas. Jerel's knowledge of the psyche in pre-scientific psychology is:
1) special evidence(Living habits that arise as a result of taking care of other people, oneself); 2) lasting evidence (phenomena, traditions, meanings that are passed on from generation to generation).
The concepts of pre-scientific psychology are used to replace physical meanings. Rogovin emphasizes that the very essence of pre-scientific psychology suggests a method of explanation that rejects the name “explanation from the position of a healthy mind.” Pre-scientific psychological knowledge is unsystematized, unreflected, and is often not recognized as knowledge. In pre-scientific knowledge, vernier phenomena may be susidami with mildewed coals, slaughterhouses.
Philosophical psychology- knowledge about the psyche, otrimana for help of involuntary mirkuvans. Knowledge about the psyche is either derived from hidden philosophical principles, or it is the result of falling behind analogies. Philosophical knowledge about the psyche is clearly organized down to these and other output principles. As Rogovin means, although on the level of philosophical psychology it is completely inconceivable, the whole concept of the soul is amenable to analysis and its obvious differentiation from the current understanding of the principles that from materialistic and idealistic worldviews. Aligned with pre-scientific psychology, as it is transmitted and, especially in the early stages, it flows into it, philosophical psychology is characterized not only by the sound of some explanatory principle for the mental, but also the physical state follow the laws of the earth, to which the soul must obey in the same way as one obeys It is all natural elements.
Scientific psychology Vinikla very recently - in the other half of the 19th century. Their appearance is associated with the development of experimental methods in psychology. Actions for this, of course, are: the “creator” of scientific psychology, W. Wundt, writing that if we distinguish the physiological psychology he divided into a method, then it can be characterized as “experimental”. On the other hand, the method of experiment, having lost its counterpart in Wundt, creates optimal minds for the power of psychological method- Self-care. In addition, Wundt himself repeatedly stated that experimental psychology is not the whole of psychology, but only a part of it. Wanting in the 19th century Having given many successful applications to the experimental method, quite an hour passed before psychology became a proper experimental science.
The knowledge of scientific psychology has an empirical, factual basis. Facts are obtained from specially conducted research, which involves special procedures (methods), primarily for the purpose of direct systematic caution and experiment. Theories that are constructed by scientific psychology, have an empirical basis, are susceptible (ideally) to universal revision.
Psychology is a science that is not yet fully developed. Psychology studies human intelligence and how the human brain works in various situations. Psychology can be divided into two types: fundamental and applied. The main processes, as fundamental psychology considers, are perception, perception, respect, awareness, memory, emotion, thoughts and language. In the same way, fundamental psychology includes psychic powers and psychic powers. Applied psychology is the science that studies the practical meaning of people's behavior. As soon as you get lost in this science, you can recognize that it includes such phenomena as puberty, social thoughts and all the psychological changes that occur with the human life.
Psychology has long been associated with philosophy, and for a long time there were speeches that people did not understand. Psychology is one of the sciences that studies the human body, but only a small part has been studied.
A more practical psychology emerged during the Cold War between the United States and the USSR, when the war was waged not by armies, but by spies and spies. It was even more serious at the investigations psychological surge, and the Radyansky Union has reached the singing heights, vikory and psychological zbra. One of the types of such damage is ultrasound, human ears cannot perceive it, unless such sound flows into the human brain. The Cold War ended, and data about the psychological destruction was kept secret, and after the poverty, a small part leaked into the community.
U to the current world People will require psychology to some extent. Even though our skin is afflicted with stress and problems, children’s psychological traumas often arise as a result of any change or stress. The most psychologically ill children are the ones who survive in the everyday world through violence. A great influx occurs on the computer, even if a child plays cruel games from childhood, then this cruelty spills over on those who are absent. To finish this, it is enough to point the butt of Sashka from Ukraine. At her age of fourteen, Sasha spends all hours at the computer and playing cruel games, and this seriously indicates his psyche. He stops following the rules of his life as faithfully as possible, beats his family, and takes out all his anger on those closest to him. A group of psychologists tried to help him and came up with an unsatisfactory verdict - the importance of mental health over the norm. Sasha was admitted to a psychological dispensary and will undergo a course of rehabilitation. Even if you get out of it, you will never become a full-fledged human being, and even having survived this, it will be impossible to return to your normal way of living.
Psychology today has learned only a small part of the knowledge that the human brain absorbs, and between the knowledge of its boundless and great.
After all, psychology is not just about getting sick, it’s about getting to know yourself and your own weaknesses. It’s also a pain for the skin, like it’s soothing your brain, and what you’re doing. Milioni to become centuries-old psychological tests for people who know what it’s worth. All these tests indicate the skill of these people and other people to occupy different skills. Even if you know how smart you are, and what is best for you, you can easily take your place in life and derive from it contentment not only physically, but also mentally. However, you can learn the riddles of information indefinitely, and even if you only solve one riddle, new ones will appear and will not give you peace of mind, and you can continue to do so indefinitely.
1. Importance of psychology as a science, Basic principles of psychology
1. Psychology– this is a science that occupies a subordinate position among other scientific disciplines. As the system of scientific knowledge is known only to a narrow circle of fakhivts, but at the same time practically every human being knows about it, who can perceive thoughts, emotions, images of memory, thoughts and thoughts, etc.
The term “psychology” first appeared in the scientific world in the 16th century. The word “psychology” is similar to the Greek words: “syhe” - “soul” and “logos” - “science”. In this manner, literally psychology is the science of the soul.
Already after the 17th-19th centuries, psychology significantly expanded the scope of its research and began to study human activity, unknown processes, saving a lot of name. Let's take a look at the report, which is the subject of current psychology.
The psyche includes a lot of phenomena. With the help of some, knowledge is gained through superfluous activity - these cognitive processes that develop from perception and awareness, respect and memory, mentality, understanding and language.
Other mental phenomena are necessary to regulate the processes and activities of people, to regulate the process of aggregation, and therefore mental health (a special characteristic of mental activity during the last hour) and mental power and (the most significant and significant mental components of a person, his particularity).
Such psychology- This is an exciting complex of sciences that continues to develop at an even faster pace (every 4 - 5 years, a new development will occur).
Here you can see the fundamental findings of psychological science and special ones.
The fundamental (basic) findings of psychological science are, however, important for the analysis of the psychology and behavior of all people.
Special (applied) problems of psychological knowledge study various groups of phenomena, including the psychology and behavior of people engaged in any kind of activity.
Going back to the classification presented by R. Z. Nemov (1995).
Zagalna psychology
1. Psychology of cognitive processes and states.
2. Psychology of specialness.
3. Psychology of individual aspects.
4. Century psychology.
5. Social psychology.
6. Animal psychology.
7. Psychophysiology.
Acts of special investigations of psychological investigations
1. Educational psychology.
2. Medical psychology.
3. Viysk psychology.
4. Legal psychology.
5. Cosmic psychology.
6. Engineering psychology.
7. Economic psychology.
8. Psychology of management.
This text is a meaningful fragment.Psychology - tse a science that deals with the study of human mental activity, the formation of cognitive processes, powers and states of the psyche. Also, psychology influences the psyche of external officials and the interaction between individuals in the family. There are a number of branches of mental psychology, and each of them is subject to a large number of psychological manifestations, for example, educational psychology, secular psychology.
Throughout the history of mankind, there has been a fundamental need for a subdivision that has been determined by the psychological make-up of people. For many years now, we have been interested in psychology and have seen certain aspects in terms of idealism and materialism.
Plato is considered the founder of idealism and dualism, who was the first to divide people according to their obvious special qualities - intelligence in their heads, masculinity in their breasts and hunger in their stomachs. It was respected that ceramic workers have wisdom, warriors have courage, and slaves have courage. In addition, Plato gave special respect to the human soul, and respected it with the divine, which comes from the body and knows eternal truths. In this manner, Plato saw two independent ears of corn, and his honor became the first of this kind.
His successor was Aristotle, who became the founder of materialism - directly, who confirms the primacy of matter and the secondary nature of human knowledge. Aristotle went so far as to say that psychology is a part of medicine, but could not fully explain human behavior from such a vantage point. It was Aristotle himself who first introduced the theory of the inseparability of body and soul.
Many scientists and many philosophers have worked on the study of human psyche and behavior. In 1879, the famous psychologist Wilhelm Wundt opened a psychological laboratory, which became the beginning of the development of psychology as an experimental science.
Psychology is a science that considers a person as a subject of activity, its formation and peculiarity, its ability to cognize the world and interact with it. An important aspect is the learning and development of the human psyche, the foundations of mental activity, the peculiarities of the formation of mental images in the world and their incorporation into reality, the unity of social and biological factors in people's lives, individual characteristics characteristics, behavior of an individual in the social environment and in specific types of activity.
Knowing oneself is as important as knowing too much of the world, and the foundations of deep-psychological knowledge are due to the mother’s skin. This helps to interact correctly with other people, to achieve continuous thoroughness and development, and to truly feel in the middle. Psychology is stagnating in various areas of activity, which has contributed to the development of its fields - medical, legal, pedagogical, military affairs, marketing.
Mental psychological knowledge is needed everywhere, where there is a need for vital resources of the human psyche. Psychology is widely discussed in clinics, schools, administrative structures, and cosmonaut training centers. social development. Today, there are no qualified facists who can use these and other methods and provide professional assistance to everyone who requires it.
Nina cannot see any universal technique that applies to each individual person, so it is divided directly into each one to help understand the peculiarities of behavior. Psychology differentiates the following methods:
Most often, when there are problems of a special nature, a person rushes to get help from a doctor, who uses the method of psychology. If you select it as much as possible for a particular patient, you can effectively identify the cause of the problem and get rid of the problem.
The main tasks are to be aware mental characteristics There appears to be a breakdown of the objective connections that have become the cause of the appearance of mental manifestations. Such psychological knowledge follows understanding as awareness of mental characteristics through an open connection with excess light. Thus, it becomes obvious that psychology is the most practical science that looks at the essence of people, since it can always be known to oneself, other people and the wider world.
The constant interest in self-recognition and enrichment of inner light is explained by the fact that there is a tendency towards the integration of all aspects of the life of a marriage - economic, political and spiritual, as the basis of well-being . This means that the classical concepts of economics (the most technological tasks in government activity) are complemented by more new ones - modernized concepts, contributions to the most advanced humanitarian and psychological problems.
10 thoughts on “ Psychology is...”
Absolutely, psychology is a strong science! The essence of man, his thoughts throughout history, has raised a whole storm among philosophers in search of truth.
One thing is clear - you need to know the basics of Gestalt therapy. This can be beneficial in an extreme situation.
I also respect that psychology is absolutely necessary in any sphere of activity. No matter what people do, they are inspired by biological psychology. It turns out that he is not at his best professionally, but at the same time he is a strong psychologist, angry at career security meetings
We all often regard ourselves as good psychologists! Be it sales managers or realtors! But many of them often still have mercy in people, or they themselves become victims of an even greater psychologist!
I often feel more and more that “Psychology is life”!
People who had not yet fully mastered psychology focused on the most unknown organ - the brain - and the method of manipulation. It doesn’t suit me that psychology affects every other person. This science is not for everyone. This place is deprived of medical universities.
I respect that every family may have a psychologist, and it is simply necessary for everyone to see psychologists. These are the people who describe life. You need to be a proper professional in order to help, and not harm people!
Psychology has become increasingly popular among young people. This axis, as can be seen from these statistics, is richly complex and richly nuanced for the banal phrase “do you want to talk about this?”, with which psychologists are often associated. Here's some information, that's it.
Psychology is worth it cool science, That is, I want to study not only in the obligatory language institute program, but independently, for self-development. It really helps in life, in the process of meeting with other people, in achieving important life goals.
In the USSR they talked very little about psychology, and information for ordinary people was kept under fence. Even though this is very important knowledge and many people are still guilty of knowing, we are not very much informed, but our actions still arise and sometimes turn out to be negative. Knowing and working directly makes it easier to achieve success.
Psychology is really a science, and only from what kind of “psychologists” does our marriage originate? Where should I actively stagnate now? In NLP, there is an increase in sales and the formation of a partnership between “companions” and even non-creators, and this is a fact. If a person personally begins to be interested in psychology, read books and analyze it, then psychology is needed for success, to replace it if a “mindless robot” comes for help to a so-called psychologist, relying on those sessions with a “knowledgeable person” to solve your problems . The order of the trampler is to the right of the hands of the tramplers themselves. You need to live with your own head, and not with the pleasures of those who tell you what is right and what is not.
