Name: Gaius Julius Caesar
Vik: 56 years
City of people: Rome, Italy
Mist of death: Rome, Italy
Duration: Ancient Roman commander
Family camp: friends
Gaius Julius Caesar - biography
About the new dosі say words that symbolize power - king, caesar, kaiser, emperor. Julius Caesar Gaius was endowed with a lot of talents, but in history he lost his brains to the head of them - building to be like people
Chimalu played the role of Caesar's success - the brother of Yuliyev, zgіdno with biography, being one of the most recent in Rome. Julia led her birth from the legendary Aeneas, the son of the goddess Venus herself, who came from Troy and fell asleep the dynasty of Roman kings. Caesar was born in 102 BC, if the man of his father Gaius Marius defeated the large cordons of Italy with a rich army of nimtsiv. Yogo's father, who was also called Gaius Julius Caesar, was beyond the reach of the car'er. Vіn buv proconsul of Asia. However, the controversy of the young Caesar with Mary made the young man's gleaming career.
At sixteen roki, Gaius the Younger made friends with Cornelia, Donka Cinny, Marie's closest comrade-in-arms. In 82 hours 83 roci BC they had a daughter, Julia, the only lawful child of Caesar, - moreover, having sown illegitimate children in youth. Often crowded with a squad of nudguvati on their own, Venus’s bait with a cheerful company is a comrade in charms wandering around taverns. In the same littkіv yоgo vіdіznyаl hіba scho love to reading - Guy having read all the books in Latin and Greek, yakі instantly know, and more than once opposing the svіvrozmovnіvnіv pіznannymi in raznih areas.
Being a chanuvalnik of the ancient sages. I didn’t believe in the steel of my life, peaceful and safe. І mav ration - after the death of Mary in Rome, the mass war broke out. Before the reign, the leader of the aristocratic party Sulla, who initiated reprisals against the Marians. Guy, who had been separated from the daughter of Tsina, was spared by the lane, and he himself was embarrassed. "Shukait vovchenya, a hundred Marys sit with him!" - Asked the dictator. Ale Caesar before that hour had already gone to Asia Minor, to the friends of his recently deceased father.
Not far from Miletus, the ship was hijacked by pirates. The young man's dandy robes wrapped up his respect, and the stench asked for a new great ransom - 20 talents of silver. "Cheap for me!" - Vіdpovіv Caesar and zaproponuvav 50 talents. Having sent your servant to collect the ransom, having tried wine for two months at the “guests” of the pirates.
Caesar, having behaved with the robbers, was already suffocating - having barred them to sit at his presence, calling them boors and threatening roses on the cross. Having taken away the pennies, the pirates with relief let the Nakhaba go. Caesar immediately rushed to the Roman Vlady, ordered a couple of ships and overtook his vikradachiv at that place, where he was trimmed in full. Having found pennies in them, wine and truth, roses of robbers - true, quiet, whoever is handsome, having punished them with strangulation.
Sulla died at that hour, but the opposing parties from the party of optimists saved their water and Caesar did not rush back to the capital. Rick wine of the provinces in Rhodes, devouring the krasnomovstvo - vminnya to promote the promotion of the necessary policy, as a fault firmly set to become.
From the schools of Apolloniya Molon, de Cicero himself, Gaius Viyshov became a brilliant orator, we are preparing to subdue the capital. Persh promov vіn vygolosiv at 68 roci BC. at the funeral of the aunt, widow Mary, - bitterly praising the disgraced commander of that yoga reform, calling out the commotion among the Sullans. Tsikavo, who was at the funeral of her squad, yak died in the nearby canopies of fate earlier, without saying a word.
Mova for the zahist Mary was the cob of yoga vyborchoї campaign - Caesar put his candidacy for the quaestor's seat. Tsya insignificant tenure gave the opportunity to become a praetor, and then a consul - the greatest representative of power in the Roman Republic. Pozichivshis in whom only a great sum, a thousand talents, Caesar vitrativ її її її її її її її її її її її її її її banquet i gifts tim. vid whom yogo fencing was lying. So, two commanders, Pompey and Crassus, fought for power in Rome, like Caesar, having uttered his pidtrimka through the devil.
Tse brought to you the quarters of a quaestor, and then I brought Edil, an official, who vouched for the sanctuary at the Eternal City. At the sight of other politicians, vin generously seeing the people not bread, but roses - sometimes battles of gladiators, sometimes musical magic, sometimes jubilees of a long-forgotten victory. Forgive me, the Romans were in the new hoard. He deserved the sympathy of the illuminated public of wines, having created an inaccessible museum on the Capitol Hill, displaying a rich collection of Greek statues. Zreshtoy yogo was taken without problems to the landing of the supreme pontiff, tobto the priest.
Don't believe in anything, try your luck. Caesar forcibly saved the seriousness of the hour of religious ceremonies. However, the pontiff's settlement was shattered by Yogo's lack of torment. Tse vryatuvalo yoma life, if 62 roci were roaring the zmovu of Catalina. Zmovniki zbiralisya zapronuvat Caesar planting a dictator. They stratified, but Guy survived.
At the same time, 62 roci vin became a praetor, but he also gained stylki of the Borg, so that he would deprive Rome of embarrassment and virushit as a messenger to Spain. There, having knocked together a camp, vshchent razored the non-covered places. He generously shared with his excesses of wine with his warriors, seemingly: "Vlada speaks two words - military and pennies, moreover, one without the other is inconceivable." Vdyachni soldiers voted him out as an emperor - the old-fashioned calling was given in the city for a great victory, although the monk did not want such a victory.
After that Caesar was elected consul, but this settlement was not a boundary of his world. Republican way of living rest days, on the right it went to the united ruler, and Guy buv spovnenie rіshuchostі become the right ruler of the Eternal place. For whom did you happen to enter into an alliance with Pompeii and Crassus, having reconciled some of them for a while.
60 rotations of the triumvirate of new allies have seized power. On the consolidation of the union, Caesar, seeing his daughter Julia for Pompey, and himself making friends with his niece. More than that - a voice attributing to him a link with the squads of Crassus and Pompey. Those other Roman matrons, for a little bit, were not spared the respect of Venus's noble cape. The soldiers sang about the new song: "Have the squads - we are led to the place of the fox rogue!"
Vіn just early oblisіv, soromivsya tsgogo і the reach of the Senate allowed to permanently wear on the head the laurel wreath of the victor. Lisin. behind the words of Svitloniya. was the only shortfall in the biography of Caesar. Vіn buv high growth, good folding, shkіru mav light, black eyes and live. In zhі vin buv died, beer vin is also not enough for a Roman; navit yogo vorog Cato, saying that "Caesar is one of the us zdijsniv sovereign coup, being truezim."
Bulo in the new and one more prize - "the man of the squad that squad of all the people." For a bit, in Asia Minor, young Caesar had a love affair with Tsar Bethinian Nicomedes. Well, the sounds in that Rome were such that the whole thing could turn out to be true. Adopt Caesar by no means trying to shut up the mouth of scoffers, following the whole modern principle "whatever they say, they say it." They spoke emphatically well - at the new post of wine, like before, generously supplying the Roman black with species, to which bread is now reached. The people's kohannya was not cheap, the consul again climbed in at the Borg and in razdratuvann, calling himself "a bіdn z hromаdyan".
Vin felt relieved, if fate changed in the consul's quarters, youma, after the Roman call, had a chance to fold the robe. Caesar didyag, so that the Senate would rule yoga keruvati Shllієyu - Ninіshny France. The Romans had only a small part of the rich country. For the great fate, Caesar zoomed in to conquer the whole of Schlea. Ale, no wonder, they loved a lot of Galliyogo - having twisted their language, roaring wine about their religion and sounding.
Today, “Notes on the Gallic War” is no less than a smut biography about the Gauls, who went into trouble not without the help of Caesar, but one of the first in the history of political PR. They have Caesar boasting. who took 800 cities by storm, blamed a million enemies, and turned a million more into slavery, giving their lands to Roman veterans. Vdjachnі veterans rozpovidali on all kutkas, that in the campaigns of Caesar yshov pіshov at once from them, pіdbadyoryuchi vіdstayuchih. Trimavsya on a horse, like a natural leader. Having slept by the sky, only in the woods hovering overhead. At a halt, dictating to the secretaries two, or even three sheets on different topics.
Such a life in the years of Caesar's listing was explained to them, that after the death of Crassus in the Persian campaign, the triumvirate came to an end. Pompey, however, did not trust Caesar even more strongly, but having already turned it over with glory and wealth. On this attack, the Senate called Caesar out of Gilli and punished him to come to Rome, leaving the army at the cordon.
The decisive moment has arrived. On the cob 49, Caesar pidishov to the cordon river Rubikon on pivnich vіd Rimіnі and punishing five thousand of his soldiers to cross over and destroy Rome. It seems that at the same time, having washed away the devil's historical phrase - "a stallion is thrown." In fact, the foal was abandoned richly earlier, when the young Gaius mastered subtle politics.
Even then, I’m aware that power is given into the hands of only those who sacrifice for the sake of it through friendship, shim, almost podyaki. The great son-in-law of Pompey, having helped him on the cob of kar'eri, now becoming the main enemy, having not gained strength, ducked to Greece. Caesar, with his military violating after him. not letting you get shy, having defeated your army at Pharsal. Pompeii again vtіk, once before Egypt, de Mіstsevі dignitaries hammered yoga, virishivshi deserve the favor of Caesar.
Togo, having completely won such a result, it is greater, that he gave you the opportunity to send an army against the Egyptians, ringing them at the beating of the Roman hulk. Thirsting for a majestic voucher, vin zbiravsya razpaytisya z vіyskomu, but everything turned out differently. Yuna Cleopatra, the sister of the ruling king Ptolemy XTV, who appeared before the commander, impudently propagated you to herself - and at the same time her kingdom.
Caesar, before leaving for Galiya, having made friends with the rich stagnation of Calpurniya, ale bov before her, baiduzhiy. Vіn zakohavsya in the Egyptian queen so, nibi that yogo enchanted. Ale y won't have survived until the old conqueror of the world just a little bit. Later, Caesar, under a hail of death, received Cleopatra in Rome, and she heard more money for those who went to the new one, the first of the Egyptian Volodar, having flooded the sacred valley of the Nile.
In the meantime, while they were dying, they were surrounded by the Egyptians in the harbor of Oleksandriya. In order to get away, the Romans set fire to the place. having known the famous library, I wandered far away until the arrival of support and the rebellion was strangled. On the way home, Caesar casually smashed the army of the Pontic king Farnak, informing him about going to Rome with the famous phrase: “Come, shake, win.”
Yom had a chance to fight against Pompey's followers in Africa and Spain. Tilki in 45 roci vins turned to Rome, ruminated by the hromada wars, and was stunned by the daughter's dictator. Caesar himself, having vvazhav more beautifully to call himself an emperor - tse podkreslyuvalo yogo vyazok with the army and military victories.
Having achieved the power of the Bazhan, Caesar caught up with three important honors. First - having reformed the Roman calendar, the Greeks called the wicked one "the greatest in the world." For the help of Egyptian astronomers. sent to Cleopatra, having divided the rivers for 12 months, and having punished once on chotiri, the rocks should be added until the next leap day. The new, Julian calendar appeared to be the most accurate of the most important and cherished again and again in thousands of years, and the Russian church is rooted in it. Another - giving amnesty to all his political opponents. The third one is to put gold coins on the ground, on which the gods' deputies are depicted by the emperor himself at the laurel wreath. After Caesar, they began to officially call God the Sin.
Vіd tsogo buv lishe krok to the royal title. The flatterers have long proclaimed the crown to you, and Cleopatra has slyly given birth to a new son of Caesarion, who instantly became a scumbag. Caesar was given the opportunity to fall asleep a new dynasty, uniting the two great powers. However, if the closest comrade-in-arms Mark Antony publicly wanted to put on a new gold royal crown, Caesar did it. Maybe, virishiv, more often than not, it’s possible, not wanting to transform from the only emperor in the world to the noble king, such dovkol was impersonal.
It is easy to explain the ruined ruins - Caesar peacefully ruled Rome for less than two years. Those who, under each century, imagined for centuries like a great sovereign fiend, another one showing yoga charisma, which is so strong on the naschadkiv, like on the fellows. Vіn planning a new transformation, but the Roman treasury was empty. Shchob popovniti її. Caesar, calling for a new military campaign, which declared the Roman emperor to be the greatest conqueror of history. Vіn vyrіshiv rozroshchit Persian kingdom, and then turn back to Rome pіvnіchny way, podkorivshi vіrmenіv, scythіvі і germantsіv.
Occupying the capital, vin mav deprive "on the state" of the people above, so that the mighty stabbed might die. Caesar had three such people: his comrade-in-arms Mark Antony, his son-in-arms Gaius Octavian, and the son of the old kohanka Servilia Mark Brutus. Antony gave Caesar the frivolity of a warrior, Octavian - the cold manner of a politician. It is more important to understand what caused Caesar to be with the middle-aged Brutus, a tedious pedant, we will drag him down as a hanger-on of the republic. Tim is no less, Caesar, having slipped yoga at Vlad, publicly calling his "dear son." Possibly, we are hard-wired by the policy of wines of roses - we can tell about republican honesty, without any Rome decay and death. At the same time, Brutus was able to reconcile two of his comrades, for they clearly did not like one another.
Caesar, who knows everything and everything. not knowing - chi do not want to know. -Sho yoga “sin” together with other republics prepares the opposite. The emperor was informed more than once about it, ale vin looked, seemingly: “If so, it’s better to die once, or else to live in fear.” The swing is planned on the birch tree, go on the 15th day of the month, if the emperor appears in the Senate. A detailed description of Svіtlonіy about how I create the opposite of a tragic action, in which Caesar played the role of a victim, a martyr of a monarchical idea, by notes. On the next day, the senate handed over a note to the Senate, but he looked up.
One of the dignitaries, Decimus Brutus, turned in a hefty Anthony at the entrance, without disturbing him. Tіliy Cimbre, having sprung Caesar for his toga - this is the signal for another, - and Serviliy Kaska, having ordered the first blow. Far away the blows were hoarse one by one - the skin from the beaten man tried to bring in its deposit, and at the smіtєzvalishchі the stench wounded one one. Then the solicitors parted, and until the ice of the living dictator, who crouched down to the colony, pidіyshov Brutus. "Sin" of the move lifted the dagger, and the beaten Caesar fell dead, catching up to say the rest of the historical phrase: "You, Brutus!"
It all happened, the senators were stunned by the rage, as if they became fleeting lookers of the vbivska, the ticks rushed. Ribbed and beaten, having covered the curved daggers. The corpse of Caesar lay for a long time at an empty wake, the docks of yoga were not sent by the slaves of the virna Calpurnia. The body of the dictator was burnt in the Roman forum, and the temple of the divine Julius was erected later. Month of quintiles on yoga was renamed to lime (Iulius).
The builders supported the fidelity of the Romans to the spirit of the republic. Protege Zhorstka vlada, installed by Caesar, surrendered to more Republican chaos. Nezabar townspeople rushed to beat the emperor and hurt his cruel death. Svetoniy finished his speech about the biography of Gay Yuliya with the words: “For this reason, no one has lived for more than three years. All the stench perished in a different way, and Brutus and Kasij struck themselves with the same dagger, like the stench drove Caesar.
Serpen and Tiberius, as a rule, are called Caesar (51 times), Serpen 16 times the names "Augustus", Tiberius - once. "Imperator" by appointment to the ruler is mentioned only 3 times (in the text - 10 times), and the title "princeps" - 11 times. In the text of Tacitus, the word "princeps" is used 315 times, "imperator" - 107, and "Caesar" - 223 times for promotion to princeps and 58 times for promotion to members guide booth. Light victorist "princeps" - 48, "imperator" - 29, and "Caesar" - 52 times. Nareshti, in the text of Aurelius Victor and "Epitomy about Caesars" the word "princeps" is used 48 times, "imperator" - 29, "Caesar" - 42, and "Augustus" - 15 times. At this hour, the titles "serpen" and "caesar" were the same one to one. The remaining emperor, who was called Caesar, as a kinsman of Julius Caesar and Augustus, Nero.
In the same period, the remains for the IV century of the Caesars were recognized. Constantius gave his title to two of his cousins - Gallus and Julian - the only relatives of Kostyantyn the Great, who lost their lives (cream blue). It is also evident that the usurper Magnentius, having declared war on Constantius, recognizing his brothers as Caesars. One, Decentia, I went to Galiya. About the friend (Desideriya) Dzherela practically does not say anything.
In all vipadkah - Galla, Juliana and Decentia - recognition was dictated by the need to defend against the evil threat. So, Constantius, being the ruler of the Descent, in the post-war, although and unsuccessful wars with the Sassanids, and, virushayuchi on the war with Magnentius, having killed Gallus Caesar and negainally sent Yogo to Antioch-on-the-Orontes for the organization of defense. So having committed the same enemy: for the Zachist of Gaul, from the Alemanivs, he sent his own brother Decentsius there. That one, however, could not calm them down, and Constantius, a kind of nevdovz after his success, having broken again on Skhid (Gallus was already suffering at that hour), depriving Gallia of Julian, endowing him with the title of Caesar.
All three confessions were broken in the minds of the current insecurity and for the impossibility of the senior ruler to stay in this region and command the troops. Tsіkavim is also the fact that recognition was not robbed on a global imperial scale, but for specific territories - for Gaul and Immediately. The turns of such a vesting of power within the framework of what is a part of the empire of the next, obviously, shukat in the third century. Prior to that, the emperors, dividing power with be-kim, divided their imperium, acting like republican consuls, like small equal power, which expanded the entire territory of the state (for example, Vespasian and Titus, Nerva and Trajan, etc.). PID Hour of the crisis III Station at the Mezhi of IMPERI, actually self -sustained, the Yaki showed their livestock: “British Imperiya” Karausia I allekt, “Gallica izperspers” postema і Tetrika, Palmirika Kingdom of Odinati I Zenob. I already Diocletian, dividing the power with Maximian, dividing it himself territorially, taking his own Skhid, and putting Zahid on his ruler. In the course of time, we divided the authorities according to the territorial principle.
Caesars - and Gal, and Julian (about Decentia, we may need little information) - were already surrounded by their capabilities, both in the military sphere, and in the civilized one.
Although the main function of the Caesars was to defend the provinces, all the same, the stench did not reduce the total control over the army entrusted to him. We can be seen in front of them in their mutual relations with the greater officers. Julian, for example, who, after being recognized, had a chance to conduct active military actions, having stumbled not from the direct unruly army top, then accepted from the attached opposition. So, Marcellus, the master of cinematography, “who knew nearby, without giving additional help to Caesar, who stumbled in the sky, wanting to hit the goiter at times, attack the place, don’t call Caesar there, hurry up on the hand”, and the master of the cold Barbatsy constantly ntriguvav against Julian. A similar situation developed after the fact that all the officers were lying not in the sight of Caesar, but in the sight of a sickle, and Caesar did not immediately sink into their settlements - Marcellus still got a call from the post for his lack of work, but not Julian, but Constance. The power of the Caesars over the legions under him was also exalted; the stench could order the military hours of the military, zdiisnyuyuchi either wildly or without middle ground by the military, but in principle all the legions succumbed to the scythe. The same wine, like a volunteer of the reign of the supreme power, virishuvav, de varto to change that other legion and part of the next command of Caesar. As you can see, the very order of Constance about the transfer of part of the Galician legions to Skhid called out a soldier's revolt, after which Julian was voted with a sickle.
Even obmezhenі boulli cesars and financial supplies, which blew us in front of them with the blues of the army. Ammian directly writes that “if Julian sent messages to the western region in the rank of Caesar, and he was hurt in every possible way and did not give the necessary opportunity to rob the soldiers, and the soldiers themselves could drink more on a revolt, the very committee of the sovereign treasury rsul having given a letter order to the head of the Gallic treasury to see sumi without any money, which they did not want Caesar. In part, the problem was solved, but the hard financial control was taken out of the side of the sickle. Constance to navit especially signified stained glass on Julian's style!
Irreplaceable boules of the Caesars in the civil sphere. All other civil servants in their territories were appointed with a sickle and called before him. Such independence led to permanent tensions with the Caesars, as often they were embarrassed if they did not ask the officials to work out that chi and other action. Thus, both Gal and Julian constantly changed their minds over the larger and smaller confrontations with the praetorian prefects. The prefect Talas immediately intrigued against Gallus, asking to remind Constance, and the prefect of Galii Florence, allowing himself to ardently spar with Julian about an urgent contraction. In the meantime, the virishal word was still left behind by Caesar, and he didn’t sign a decree about Florence, without failing to add a sickle. The prefect nevertheless took care of the uninterrupted administration of the provinces, and if Julian begged (sic!) to give his management to Friend Belgik, it would be a very unusual precedent.
One of the most important functions of the Caesars was Sudova. And just as Gal, administering the court, “having overwhelmed the tribute to him again” and having thoughtlessly terrorized the nobility at the Descent (for which, by the sanction, I paid), then Julian, having approached his ship’s shoes, was even more important, trying not to allow mischief.
How can you bacheti, the power of the Caesars was already surrounded by land - both territorially and functionally; like in the military sphere, so it is civil. Prote Caesars were emperors and formally were participants in the supreme power. Belonging to the Imperial Collegium was supported by the same nobles: Galla, Julian Constantius, having made friends with his sisters - the first bula was given to Kostyantina, to the other - Olena. Wanting for obsyagy vladnyh renovation, the Caesars were equal with the great officials, in the eyes of the stench, the stench stood richer. Amian describes the arrival of Julian at Vienna
... people of a different age and position destroyed the yoma nazustrich, sob vіtati yogo as a blessed and good ruler. All the people and all the inhabitants of the navkolishnіh mіsts, cheering him from afar, turned to him to the new, calling him merciful and unhappy emperor, and all suffocatedly marveled at the arrival of the lawful sovereign: at his pributti they bachili the healing of all bіd .
The institute of caesarate ensured the work and stability of the state government in the middle of the 4th century. From the votes of Julian, we are sick of such a sight that the institute has ceased to exist, having been born less late, rich in many changes.
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Gaius Julius Caesar was born in Rome, in the patrician homeland of the Julius family, which engraved the role in the history of Rome from the most recent hours.
Rіd Julієv vіv svіy rodovіd vіd Yul, the son of the Trojan prince Aeneas, who, zgіdno z mіfologiєyu, but the son of the goddess Venus. Perebovayuchy on top of their glory, 45 BC. e. Caesar, having laid down the temple of Venus the Ancestor in Rome, straining, by himself, on his controversy with the goddess. cognomen Caesar not mave sense in Latin language; Radyansky historian Rome A. I. Nemirovsky let it go, scho resembles Cisre - the Turkish name of the place Tsere. It is important to establish the age of the very same time of Caesars (the first vіdomiy is taken until the end of the III century BC). The father of the future dictator, tezh Gaius Julius Caesar the Elder (Proconsul of Asia), was standing at his car'er in the praetor's quarters. From his mother's side, Caesar resembled from the homeland of Cotta the family of Aurelius Aurelius from the house of plebeian blood. Caesar's uncles were consuls: Sextus Julius Caesar (91 BC), Lucius Julius Caesar (90 BC)
Old Man Gaius Julius Caesar, after spending at the sixteenth century; from the mother saved these friendly stosunki until his death in 54 BC. e.
That noble cultural family created a friendly mind for yoga development; more physical training served him as a year for his chimal service; Gruntovna osvita - scientific, literary, grammatical, on Greek-Roman foundations - formed a logical idea, prepared it for practical activity, for literary work.
Until Caesar, Julius, after aristocratic adventures, were rich for the worlds of the Roman nobility at that hour. Even until Caesar himself, none of his relatives could reach a special infusion. Only the father’s aunt, Yuliya, took the place of Gaius Maria, a talented general and reformer of the Roman army. Mary was a member of the democratic faction, popular with the Roman Senate and spoke sharply against the conservatives from the optimist faction.
At that time, internal political conflicts in Rome reached such a degree that they led to a mass war. After the capture of Rome by Mary at 87 BC. i.e. for a certain hour, the power of the populace has risen. The young Caesar was awarded the title of flame of Jupiter. Prote, at 86 to zv. e. Mary died, and 84 BC. e. the hour of the rebellion at the viysks of the murders of Tsinna. At 82 to zv. e. Rome was conquered by Lucius Cornelius Sulli, and Sulla himself became a dictator. Caesar, on the other hand, was bound by disputed ties with the party of his adversary - Mary: seventeen fates of the people of wine, having made friends with Cornelia, the young daughter of Lucius Cornelia Cinni, an associate of Mary and worst enemy Sulli. This was a kind of demonstration of yoga pretentiousness to the party popular, at that time belittled and beaten by the all-powerful Sulla.
In order to thoroughly understand the mastery of oratorical art, Caesar specially in 75 BC. e. virushiv on Rhodes to the famous vikladach Apolloniya Molon. Having spent a lot of wine from the full to the kіlіkіyskih pirates, for the permission he had to pay a significant ransom from the rozmіrі of twenty talents, and the docks of his friends took pennies, and more than a month of provіv from the polon, running from the Reds in front of the vikradachas . After the sacking of the wines, they immediately took the fleet from Mileta, burying the pirate fortress and punishing the rozіyati zahplenih full of pirates on the cross for science to others. But the shards of the stink of their hour did good to him, then Caesar ordered to break his legs before the roses, in order to ease their suffering. Potim vin often showed indulgence to the fallen opponents. For whom, such Vihvalians were manifested by the ancient authors of "Caesar's Mercy".
Caesar takes a bad fate at the war with Tsar Mithridates on the part of an independent corral, but there is a lot of bad luck. At 74 to zv. e. vin turns to Rome. At 73 BC. e. vіn buv co-options to the priestly college of pontiffs to replace the deceased Lucius Aurelius Cotti, his uncle.
Years of wine peremagaє on elections to viysk tribunes. Forever and everywhere, Caesar does not bother to tell stories about his democratic reconciliation, liaison with Guy Mary and dislike for aristocrats. Taking an active part in the struggle for the restoration of the rights of the people's tribunes, urging Sulla, for the rehabilitation of the associates of Gaius Mary, as they recognized the retrial during the period of Sulli's dictatorship, the return of Lucius Cornelius Cinni - the son of the consul Lucius Cornelius Prices. Until this hour, an ear of closeness with Gnєєm Pompey and Mark Lіtsіnієm Crassus, on a close link with some wines, will be his distant career.
Caesar, chatting at the folding camp, does not say a word to the truth of the cadres, but lashes out at the one so as not to slander them on the stratum. The proposition of yoga is not to pass, and Caesar himself is not a guinea pig in the hands of an angry NATO.
Spain Far (Hispania Ulterior)
(Bibul used to be a consul only formally, the triumvirs actually put Yogo in vlady).
The consulate of Caesar is necessary for you, and Pompey. Having dismissed the war, Pompey, with all his greatness, appears powerless; it is worthy of this proposition not to go through the adoption of the opir to the senate, but at the same time, having declared the land to its veteran soldiers, and the chain did not tolerate the call. In the presence of one Pompey, it was not enough, it was necessary to have more powerful injections - on the basis of which the alliance of Pompey with Caesar and Crassus was based. The consul Caesar himself demanded Pompey's infusion and Crassus' pennies. It was not easy to reconcile the great consul Mark Licinius Crassus, the old enemy of Pompey, it was not easy to join the alliance, but it was not easy to get away - this richest man of Rome could not take back his command of the army for the war with Parthia.
So blamed those that historians for a year call the first triumvirate - the private favor of three osibs, none and none, krim їхної mutual benefit, not sanctioned. The private nature of the triumvirate of letters of support and cremation of yoga with hats: Pompey - on the single daughter of Caesar, Julius Caesaris (regardless of the cost of the vіtsі and vyhovanni, whose political hat was shown to be sealed with love), and Caesar - on daughters of Calpurnia Pison.
On the back of Caesar's mind, what can you do in Spain? ї ideї, there are more in Spain and in the Spanish Viysk strong traditions of Pompey.
Driven on the cob of viyskovyh diy at 58 to star. e. in Transalpine Gaul there was a mass resettlement on the land of the Celtic tribe of the Helvetians. After the victory over the Helvetians of which fate a war broke out against the German tribes who invaded Galiya, stunned by Ariovistus, which ended in the defeat of Caesar again. The strength of the Roman influx in Gaul called out the praise of the middle of the Bulgarians. Campaign 57 to star. that is, they start from the uprooting of the Bilgiv and continue to root the prairie-western lands, the tribes of the Nerv and Aduatuk lingered. Vlitka 57 to zv. e. on the river birch. Sabris witnessed a grandiose battle between the Roman legions and the Viysk nerves, if the weather was less and the legionnaires' less vitality allowed the Romans to win. At the same time, the legion under the command of the legate Publius Crassus subdued the tribes of the barn-zahdnoy Gaul.
Grounded on the report of Caesar, the Senate was determined to adopt a decision about the celebration of the holy day and the 15-day prayer service.
As a result three years successful war Caesar bagatorazovo zbіlshiv svіy camp. Vin generously bestowed a penny on his followers, winning new people, increasing his injection.
Tsgogo lita Caesar organizes his pershu, and offensive, 54 BC. e. - a friend expedition to Britain. Here the legions shot down the baked opir of the aborigines, so that Caesar had a chance to turn to Galicia for no reason. At 53 BC. e. continued praise among the Gallic tribes, yakі could not reconcile with the pressures on the side of the Romans. All stinks were upokorenny in short terms.
After the successful Gallic wars, Caesar's popularity with Rome reached the highest point. Navit so opponents of Caesar like Cicero and Gaius Valery Catullus recognized the grandiose merits of the commander.
Ancient coins with a portrait of Julius Caesar.
The brilliant results of the first expeditions tremendously increased the prestige of Caesar in Rome; Gallic pennies boosted their prestige no less successfully. Senate opposition against the triumvirate, however, did not doze off, and Pompey near Rome experienced low unacceptable moments. At Rome, neither wine nor Crassus felt at home; both wanted the vlady. Caesar, in order to reach the intended goals, it was necessary to continue the renewal. On the basis of qih bazhan vzimku - mm. a new favor of the triumvirs was made, for which Caesar took away Galiya for 5 more years, Pompey and Crassus - the consulate on the 55th river, and then the proconsulates: Pompey - in Spain, Crassus - in Syria. The Syrian proconsulship of Crassus ended in death.
Pompey was abandoned in Rome, de after his consulate, anarchy broke out again, perhaps, not without the efforts of Julius Caesar. Anarchy has reached such heights that Pompey was reprimanded for 52 BC. e. consul without collegium. The new rise of Pompey, the death of Pompey's squad, Caesar's daughter (54 e.), a number of intrigues against Caesar's growing prestige inevitably led to a rift between allies; Prote rebel Vercingetorix timchasov vryatuval camp. Seryoznі zіtknennya pochalis less than 51 to stars. e. Pompey figuring with him in the role, as if he had long ago learned - in the role of the head of the Roman state, recognized by the Senate and the people, who zadnuvav vіyskovu power from civilized, scho sitting white thief Rome, far to the end elected senate (Old Rome) , that mav proconsul's power and ordering a strong seven-legged military in Spain. If earlier Caesar was necessary for Pompey, then now the moment was for Pompey more than a pereskodo, as it was necessary to use the yaknaishvidshe, calling on those that Caesar’s pragnennya was insane in Pompey’s camp. The conflict, which was especially pronounced earlier in 56 r, is now political; Initivativi Yogo is guilty of Viditi not wing Yulia Caesar, the camp of the Yakki Bulo is unhealthy girchas half a half, and the pompey, Yaki Mav at the hands of the Usi Koziri, Krim Viysikovikh, the Ostannih is not enough in the first moment. Pompey put it on the right so that the conflict between him and Caesar appeared not to special closures, but to closures between the revolutionary proconsul and the Senate, that is the legal order.
Cicero's listings serve as a documentary touchstone, showing the authenticity of the clad written by Caesar himself in his political pamphlet of historical literature, which I can call "De bello civili". Of great significance is the 109th book of Titus Livius, yakbi won out before us in the original, and not among the heroes Flora, Eutropia and Orosia. The basis of the Livian clad was saved for us, perhaps, by Dion Kasii. We know a lot of data in a short drawing by the officer of the watch of Emperor Tiberius, Velei Paterkul; richly given by Suetonius, deshcho - the author of the historical sing of the hour of the mass war, Nero's co-worker, Lucan. Appian and Plutarch converge at the vikladі gromadyanskoi war, imovirno, to the historical practice of Aziniya Pollio.
To please Caesar and Pompey in Lucca 56 p. and according to the law of Pompey and Crassus 55 p. with tsiom, a bulo is impeccably appointed, up to 1 birch 50 r. talk in the Senate about the successor to Caesar will not be. At 52 p. Only a few Gallic turmoil did not allow the rise between Caesar and Pompey, which resulted in the transfer of all power into the hands of Pompey, as the only consul and at the same time the proconsul, which violated the equal duumvirate. As a compensation, Caesar, having the opportunity to have such a position at the future, that is to say to the consulate and the proconsulate chi, in fact, the negaine replacement of the procoxulate by the consulate. For whom it was necessary to seek permission, I will charge the consul for 48 rubles, without entering into a stretch of 49 rubles. at the place, which would have been equal to vіdmovі vіyskovoї vlady.
Plebiscite 52 p. To whom the privilege was given, for the benefit of the zvichay, and for the present, the proconsulship was continued until 1 Sichnya 48 r. The success of Julius Caesar in the fight against Vercingetorix caused a series of slanders about a broken deed - and in that fate a low battle laws were passed against Caesar. Pompey was sold by the Lord in Spain up to 45 rubles; for the adoption of the ability of Caesar after the consulate was given a negain proconsulate, a law was passed, having hindered the administration to the province earlier than 5 years after the folding of the magistracy; nareshti, right on the vіdminu schoyno given privileges brought the boulo decree, hindered the efforts of the magistrates, not at Rome. Prior to the enactment of the law, despite all legality, Pompey arrived, however, a clause that confirmed the privileges of Caesar.
At 51 p. The happy ending of the Gallic wars gave Caesar the opportunity to renew his active participation in Rome. After asking the Senate, in case of any formal recognition, I would like to continue the proconsulate, if I want to have a part of the province until September 1, 48 r. Senate vіdmoviv, і tsim Bulo put on the line of food about the recognition of the successor to Julius Caesar. Let's legalize, however, if you can do more after 1 day 50 rubles; Dosi any intercession of tribunes friendly to Caesar and formally was a whole ground. Caesar did his best to make a special deposit of his money with Pompeii; the rest in the Senate did not want to admit anything; the middle people joked about the exit, knowing yoga in that Pompey stood on the top of the war, recognized for the Parthian war, urgently necessary through the blow and death of Crassus. Pompey himself is very ill and spent many hours far away from Rome.
At 50 r on the right, it is small to take a more serious turn, moreover, Caesar knows his own brilliant agent in political intrigue - Curion, who was appointed tribune to his fate. Three consuls are one - Emilij Pavlo - for Caesar, the other - R. Marcellus - quite the opposite, like a champion of the Senate ultraconservatives. By the method of Curio, it was possible to weld the Senate and Pompey and to reap the rest of the rest before joining with Caesar. For which wines, having made an opir be-yakіy resolutions to the senate about the provinces and vimahav, so that the legality of the bula was fully confirmed, so that Pompey and Caesar were moved to renovate. Hanging Pompeii is severely ill; at the hour of dressing up, having waited for a letter, Curion I was washed up, having left the rest, rushing to Rome. Yogo suprovodzhuvav sucilny triumph; sermons, prayers, etc., gave you the impression of the one who had all of Italy for him. Irrespective of the price, and under Rome, without taking back what was given to them. As much as possible, it’s 50 rubles in the cinema. a new diplomatic campaign of Caesar was launched, which called Pompey to please; on Parthia, imovirno, it was pointed out as for the purpose of reconciliation. Pompey should be there at his own sphere and find his own laurels. As an indicator of Caesar’s peaceful mood and ability to please serve those who, Caesar, to the aid of the Senate, two of his legions (one - condemning Yomu Pompey) and driving them to Italy to Brundus.
Autumn 50 rub. Caesar vinic, nareshti, near Pivnichniy Italy, de yogo made a copy of the urochistas given to Pompey. At the fall of the vines, I am reborn in Gaul, de for a political demonstration, which I only saw in Italy, I went to the viiskova, looking around the legions. Rick approached to the end, and the camp was all marginally insignificant. Reconciliation between Caesar and Pompey did not go far enough; a symptom of this is those that the legions of Caesar, were sent in the fall of the leaves to Brundus, they were caught in Capua and then they minted under the fall in Luceria. At the Senate, G. Marcellus energetically argued that Julius Caesar was voted out by power, which is illegally volodіy, and the enemy of the estate, for which there were no legal bases. The majority of the Senate, however, was nailed peacefully; The Senate most wants, so that Caesar and Pompey have laid down their offenses. The head opponent of Marcellus buv Curion. 10 breasts of wines no longer functioned as tribunes for a moment: the next day new tribunes entered. But now Marcellus was not far off to drag the senate behind him; these wines, without fail, to hand over to the right to the hands of the new consuls, at the escort of a number of senators, without the annual remembrances, on the 13th day of breastfeeding, appearing in the Kumansky villa of Pompey and handing over to you the sword for the defense of the free way. Pompey, who is called to war, greets with reward and destroys up to the legions at Lucerius. Act 13 of Caesar's breasts is rightly respected with an ear of confusion - initium tumultus - from Pompey's side. The Die of Pompeii were illegal and negaino (21 breasts) voted as such by the promos of Anthony, one of the legates of Julius Caesar and tribune of that fate. Curio especially spoke about those who became Caesar, which was at that hour at Ravenna. The position was abandoned indefinitely, but in the hands of Pompey there were two miraculous legions, enlisting the support of one of the closest people to Caesar - T. Labien; Caesar, on the other hand, had only one legion of veterans in Italy, and maw, at the time of the present, children at the fortune-teller of your fortunes - so, admittedly, it was given to Pompey - the country. Vіm, already now, imovіrno, Pompey mav on uvazі residual rahunki zvesti not in Italy, but in the provinces.
For Caesar, the most important thing was to win an hour; I brought a cob of cob of viyskian deeds in his hands, but there was little strength for the war. Take it to you bulo vigidno, sob the cob diy buv for yogo vorog_v nepod_vankoy. Curion gave Caesar's ultimatum in the Senate on the 1st day of the month. Caesar, deafening about his readiness to lay down power, ale at once from Pompeii, and threatening war anyway. Threats shouted to the protidium of the Senate: Pompey does not lay down the power, Caesar is guilty of laying down її to the lime 49 rubles; and those, th іnshe bulo, vtіm, completely legal. Tribunes M. Antoniy and Kasii protested against the senatus adviser. Let me tell you, prote, they tried mirkuvannya about those, how to know modus vivendi without war. That's what Caesar wants. Until the 7th of September in Rome, it was taken away yoga new, m'yakish_ mind. Pompey mav virushiti to Spain; sobi Caesar, asking for the continuation of power until 1 Sichnya 48 p., Wanting only in Italy, from the whole 2 legion. Cicero, who appeared on the 5th day under the walls of Rome after the return of his Cilician proconsulship, achieved a further deed: only Illiriya and 1 legion of vimahav Caesar. Prote Pompey and don’t wash your mind on cі shov.
On the 7th of September the senate was elected and all efforts were made alive, so that the tribunes took back the intercession of the 1st of September. Antony and Kasij were indestructible. The consul longed for the same respite from the senate. Following a heated protest, Antony Kasij, Cauliy Ruf and Curion left the Senate and, in the guise of slaves, sweat, at the hired vіzka, went to Caesar. After the removal of the tribunes to the consuls, the Senate gave an extraordinary reinstatement, in order to save the confusion. At distant gatherings, the posture of the walls of the city, at the presence of Pompey and Cicero, the votes of the decretum tumultus, so that Italy is stunned by the military camp; divided provinces, allocated pennies. The commander-in-chief is actually Bouv Pompeii, on im'ya - chotiri proconsuls. All on the right was now in front of him, how to stand up to the one Caesar, who are clattering about his grandiose preparations for war with him.
The news about the dії senate Caesar otrimav vіd vtіkaіv-tribunіv 10 sіchnya. There were close to 5,000 legion soldiers at the yogi's order. Half of their forces stood on the front line of the province near the river Rubikon. Children were required to be yaknaishvidshe, so that the Senate would be called in, until the official call came about holding, nareshti, a legal rank of help to the Senate on September 1. On the day of the 10th, Caesar taєmno in the wake of his appointment to the necessary orders, at night - again, taєmno - with a lot of relatives they throw themselves to the countryside, cross the cordon of their province - Rubikon - and choke Arimin, the key of Italy ї. At the same hour, Anthony with the other part of the army went to Arrezia, which is also choking with an unbearable onslaught. In Arimin, Caesar is caught for a set of new military posts after the Senate. Caesar, according to what the world wants, promises to clear the province to 1 lime, and Illiria was left behind him, and Pompey pishov bi to Spain. At the same time, Caesar obediently shrugged off Pompeii. Tim an hour near Rome, zhahlivy bits are spreading. The Senate, following the aftermath, after arguing with Pompey for a year, ruled them back to Caesar. Pobachennya s Pompey is guilty of buti (please s-pomіzh them the senate allow Bulo); Caesar was declared a triumph and consulship, but the first one was guilty of all the faults, clearing the occupied place, drinking from his province and dissolving the war. Tim hour Caesar occupied buli 14th and 15th Ancona and Pizavr. Nadia to the Senate and Pompey for those that Caesar would give them an hour to prepare, called.
Pompey, with the recruits of those two Caesar's legions, it was important to go over to the offensive, it was important to put everything at stake, occupying Rome. Calling on the tse, not checking the turn of the embassy, Pompey floods Rome on the 17th day with the usm mayzhe senate, sealing the treasury, in a terrible hurry. The head quarters of Pompeii are located near Capua. Zvіdsi vіn thinking, uzyavshi legіony at Lutserії, zahopit Pіtsent and organize zakhist there. Ale, already on September 27-28, Picenum, with the main point of Auximus, leaned in the hands of Caesar. The garrisons of the occupied places passed to Caesar; Yogo Viysko grew up, the spirit zdіymavsya. Pompey was left to leave Italy alone and organize an opir at the Gatherings, de vin could command one-sidedly, de lesser was a change in the presence of strong colleagues and radnikiv; the senators did not want to leave Italy. The stench's treasury was stripped of in Rome, razrahovyuchi to turn against the will of Pompey. In an hour, the embassy turned in the direction of Caesar to no avail; there was no need for a negotiation. It was necessary to rouse Pompey to the defeat of Italy. The house of Ahenobarbus, out of 30 cohorts, is closing in Corfinia and calling Pompey on a roll. For money, the Senate proclaims the treasury, like Pompey vimagala. The Ale of Pompeii flies for an hour, while J. Caesar stays in the Domitia, in order to set the forces in Brundusia and organize the crossing. At the middle of the fierce Korfin they took; Y. Caesar hurry up to Brunduziy, de everything is ready to zakhistu. 9 birch, the oblog is being started; On the 17th, Pompeii, with a sprit maneuver, respects the respect of the enemy, boarding a ship and leaving Italy. From which moment the struggle is transferred to the provinces. In an hour, the Caesarians overtook to occupy Rome and set up a deacion like a order.
Caesar himself, appearing in Rome, less than short hour at the kvіtnі, zahopiv kasu and zrobiv deakі order about di ї yogo legatіv pіd іt's yogo vіdsutnostі. There were two ways for you to follow: either follow Pompey, or turn against your forces on the way. Vіn having chosen the rest, it is obvious to the fact that Pompey's descending forces were less terrible for him, less than 7 old legions in Spain, Cato near Sicily and Var in Africa. Having made it easier for you to do in Spain and those that Gaul was trying to hide, and success on the very cob was especially important and expensive. The head office was represented by Spain, commanded by three legates of Pompey - Aphranius, Petrius and Varron. At Gallia, Caesar was hindered by Massilia, who stood on the beak of Pompey. Caesar did not want to spend an hour here; having lost three legions to oblige the place, he himself hastened down to the Sicoris river, de on the new legate Fabius, who stood like a camp against the fortified camp of the pompeyants of the city of Ilerdi. After long and exhaustive operations, Caesar was far away from the temptation of the pompeians to get rid of their tabir. With a swift march and a brilliant detour of the wines, having broken up the camp of the enemy, which, having stepped up to Ebro, important pavements, that the legates of Pompey had a chance to get away. Varro was also left with nothing else. Here, like Italy, Y. Caesar did not go into strata and zhorstokam, which significantly eased the possibility of surrendering to the future. On the way back, Caesar found Massilia zovsіm vysnazhenoyu and having accepted її capitulation.
For this reason, Kourion flew out of Sicily Cato and managed to cross over to Africa, but here, after ephemeral successes, he did not resist the onslaught of the Pompeian troops and the Moorish king Yubi and died with his mustache. Caesar was now in charge. The forces of Pompey were, generally speaking, weaker, ale vin volodym by the sea and seized the soil organization of the quartermaster's quarters. The strong kinnota, the allied contingents of the Macedonians, Thracians, Thessalians, and others gave him great prestige. The way by land to Greece, where Pompey established itself, was closed; having occupied Illiriya, G. Antony, zmusheny, would build up with his 15 cohorts. It was overdue and then spodіvatisya on swidkіst and nespodіvanku dіy. Pompey's head quarters; he himself stood at Thessalonica, yogi viysko - at Perea. Totally unspent, 6 leaf fall 49 r, Caesar with six legions from Brundusia, burying Apollonia and Orik and rushing to Dirrachia. Pompey was far ahead of Yogo, and the insults of the warriors became one against one at Dirrachiy. The camp of Caesar was unenviable; the innumeracy of the military and the lack of provisions allowed themselves to be felt. Pompey, however, did not dare to fight with his own superior military. The white of spring came to M. Anthony to deliver three more legions, but the camp did not change. Fearing the arrival of Pompey to the reserve from Thessaly, Caesar sent the opposite part of his army, and tried to block Pompey. Pompey broke through the blockade, moreover, he gave Caesar a strong blow. After that, Caesar was left with less to lift the blockade and drink on the front of his Thessalian army. Then Pompey overtook yoga at Pharsalus. The senatorial party in the yoga camp had an impact on the fact that a decisive battle was given. The strength of the bula on the battles of Pompey, ale vishkil and spirit on the battlements of the 30000th army of J. Caesar. The battle (6 worms, 48 r.) ended with Pompey's new defeat; In the meantime, it was possible to complete it, Pompey ducked at the nearest harbor, stared at Samos and went to Egypt, de buv murders, for the order of the king. Caesar revisited yoga and appeared for yoga death in Egypt.
With a small military wine, having entered to Oleksandriya, and having intervened at the inner right of Egypt. Egypt has been consumed by you as a naybagatsha country and having adopted it with its collapsible and master administrative organization. She took yoga and a link from Cleopatra, the sister of that retinue of the young Ptolemy, the son of Ptolemy Avletes. The first act of Caesar was to settle Cleopatra, who was driven away by a man, at the palace. Oleksandriya took charge of the wines like a sovereign ruler, like a monarch. Tse zv'yazku zі weakkіstyu Tsezar's vijska kicked in Oleksandrії to the feet of the entire population; at once, from Pelusia, the Egyptian army stepped up to Oleksandria, as if it were the voice of Queen Arsina. Caesar closed at the palace. Trying to bury the lighthouse with a path to know the sea did not go far, to appease Ptolemy's rising powers - tezh. Vryatuvalo Caesar's arrival pіdkrіplen from Asia. At the battle near the Nile, Egyptian Egypt was defeated, and Caesar became the ruler of the land (Birch 27, 47).
Pizno vesnі Caesar having flooded Egypt, having flooded the queen Cleopatra and the young Ptolemy (the elder was killed at the Battle of the Nile). 9 months after having tried Caesar in Egypt; Oleksandria - the remaining capital of Hellenism - and Cleopatri's door gave him a little enmity and a lot of proof. Ignorantly on the planet, right in Asia Minor and on the Sunset, Caesar from Egypt destroys to Syria, de, like the Seleucid’s protector, inspires their palace at Daphne and vzagali led himself like a master of that monarch.
Having flooded Syria at the lindens, quickly ran into the rise of the Pontic king Farnak and hurried to Rome, de yogo the presence was insolently necessary. After the death of Pompey, the party of that party to the Senate was far from being evil. There were few pompeyants, as they were called, in Italy; stench was unsafe in the provinces, especially in Italy, Spain and Africa. It is important for Caesar's legates to order Іllirik, for a long time not without success in the opera M. Octavius. In Spain, the mood is clearly Pompeian; in Africa, all prominent members of the Senate Party were elected with a strong Viysk. Here are the boules and Metel Scipion, the head commander, and the blues of Pompey, Gnaeus and Sextus, and Cato, and T. Labien, that іn. Supported by the Moorish king Yuba. In Italy, on the part of pompeyants, becoming a colossal addict and agent of J. Caesar, Cael Ruf. At the union with Milon, they started a revolution on an economic soil; koristuyuchis his magistracy (pretury), vіn voicing the line of all borgs for 6 years; if the consul was resurrected as a magistrate, he raised the ensign of the rebellion on the pivdni and perished at the fight with the ranks of the military.
At 47 p. Rome buv without magistrates; having ruled over the new M. Anthony, as magister equitum of the dictator Julius Caesar; embarrassingly blamed the tribunes for L. Trebelli and Cornelius Dolabelli on the same economical soil, but without the pompeian lining. The unsafe bulls, however, were not tribunes, but Caesar’s military, as it was not enough to be sent to Africa to fight against the pompeians. Dovga vidsutnist J. Caesar weakened discipline; Viysko writhed. Veresni 47 p. Caesar is again the wine of Rome. Forcibly, I managed to calm down the soldiers, who were already collapsing on Rome. Shvidko left with the necessary right, the charge of which fate Caesar crossed to Africa. Details of the expedition in the house nasty; a special monograph about the war of one of the yogo officers suffering from ignorance and predilection. And here, like in Greece, the back of the head was not on yoga boots. After a long sitting on the birch of the sea in a sharpening of the wind and a dignified campaign in the middle of the country, Caesar decides to fight the battle of Tatssa, in a kind of pompeyance, the vshchent was beaten (6 April 46 rubles). Most of the pompeians perished in Africa; Reshta vryatuvalis to Іspanії, de viysko became on їhnіy bіk. At the same hour, wanderings began in Syria, de significant success of Mav Cecilius Bass, who suffocated all the provinces.
28 lime 46 p. Caesar, turning from Africa to Rome, but having tasted there for a few months. Already in the chest wines in Spain, de yogo was struck by a great fortune-telling power, which was carried out by Pompeii, Labien, Atijem Var and іn. The battle did not end with the defeat of Caesar; yogo life, as recently as in Oleksandriya, was in trouble. With terrible susilly, the bula was vibrated at the enemies, and the victorious pompeyants at a significant part were cut. From the core of the party, we live alone, having lost one Sextus Pompey. After the return of Rome, Caesar entrusted the reorganization of the state to prepare before the campaign Skhid, but on February 15, 44, having fallen into the hands of the magistrates. Causes of which can be z'yasovani less after the analysis of the reform sovereign arrangement, yak zapochatkovana and carried out bula Caesar in a short period of peaceful activity.
Guy Julius Caesar
For a long time political activity Yu. vikonavchoi vladi, hisististic and high-party and becoming character of the senate. From the first moments in their careers, they vіdcrito and endlessly fought for this, and for the rest. I in the era of the death of Catilini, and in the era of Pompey's extraordinary renewals, and in the era of the triumvirate of Caesar, having carried out the idea of centralization of power and the need to increase the prestige and significance of the senate.
One-sidedness, one can judge by the scale, did not give up to you necessary. Agrarian commission, triumvirate, then duumvirate with Pompey, for such a Yu. It is impossible to think that these forms were appointed for a new political necessity. After the death of Pompey, Caesar actually became the only stone of the state; to the senate bula zlamana and power zoseredzhen in the same hands, as if in the hands of Sulli. For the implementation of all quiet plans, as if Caesar had conceived, the power of yoga is guilty of being possibly strong, possibly unrestricted, possibly new, but at the same time, taking the back, it is not guilty of going formally outside the framework of the constitution. Nayprirodnіshe - shards of ready-made form of monarchical power, the constitution did not know and was placed before the royal power with heat and protection - it was common in one person to reinvent the extraordinary and extraordinary character of one center. The consulate could not have been such a center, weakened by all the evolution of Rome: a bula magistracy was needed, not a piddana intercession and veto of the tribunes, which united civil functions, not surrounded by collegiality. Dictatorship was the only magistracy of which. Nesruchnistnost її in the same form, invented by Pompeii - odnannya odnosіbnogo consulate with proconsulate, - it was believed in the fact that it was somehow invisible and, giving everything into the hands of vzagali, did not give any secret. Extraordinary and terminological її can be taken away, as if having robbed Sulla, showing steel on її (dictator perpetuus), insignificance of re-importance - Sulla does not care about it, shards of bachelor at dictatorship are less than an hour's worth for carrying out one's own x reforms - only stumbled along the path of the wicked z'ednannya . Dictatorship, as a basis, and a mandate from a series of special upgrades - the axis, then, those frames, for which J. Caesar wanted to establish and put his power. At these borders, the power of yoga developed in such a way.
At 49 rіk - rіk to the cob of the gromadyanskoy ї vyyni - under the hour of rebuking yoga in Spain, the people, on the proposition of praetor Lepid, rob him as a dictator. Turning to Rome, Y. Caesar to carry out a few laws, to collect comitia, to rob some of them suddenly as a consul (for 48 times), and to act in the dictatorship. Nastupnogo 48 rock (zhovten-leaf fall) vіn otrimav dictatorship suddenly, on the 47th p. What fate, after the victory over Pompey, under the hour of one’s own presence of wines, we take low importance: around the dictatorship - the consulate for 5 years (from 47 years) and the tribune’s power, then the right to sit together from the tribunes and conduct simultaneously with them іduvannya, - moreover , the right to name to the people their candidate for the magistracy, for the plebeian vinatka, the right to distribute without a foal the provinces to many praetors [Provinces to many consuls are given, as before, the senate.] and the right to slander war and make peace. The representative of Caesar's fate in Rome, his magister equitum, is the assistant to the dictator M. Anthony, in the hands of which, regardless of the reason for the consuls, all power is seized.
At 46 p. Caesar became a dictator (from the end of the quarter) in the third place, and a consul; Another consul and master equitum buv Lepid. What fate after the African war, the renewal of yoga is significantly expanding. Vіn obraniy as a dictator for 10 years and at the same time as a dictator (praefectus morum), with indispensable improvements. Let those who win the right to first vote in the senate and take in a new special chair between the chairs of both consuls. It also confirmed the right to recommend to the people candidates from the magistrate, which was equal to the right to recognize them.
At 45 r vіn buv dictator in the quarter and one hour consul; yogo's helper was the same Lepid. After the Spanish war (sichen 44 p.) he was robbed by the dictator for 10 years as a consul. From the rest, like from the 5th consulate of the past fate, I was moved [At 45 p yogo was selected as a consul for the proposition of Lepid.]. Before the tribune's power, the lack of tribunes comes; the right to recognize magistrates and promagistrates is expanded by the right to recognize consuls, to divide provinces between proconsuls and to recognize plebeian magistrates. At this fate, Caesar was given a vinyatkovo rozpriyadzhatisya military and penny power. Nareshti, besides, on the 44th day, he was granted censorship and order, and was praised by the Senate and the people.
Tsim Shlyahom Caesar, becoming a sovereign monarch, zalishayuchis at the borders of constitutional forms. past life Rome: Sulla was already a dictator, repeating the consulate of Mary, ordering in the provinces for the help of his agents of Pompeii, and more than once; Well, Pompey was given by the people an unrestricted order penniless powers.]. All sides of the life of the state are in the middle of yoga hands. Vіyskom and provintsіami vіn ordering through their agents - recognizing them as promagistrates, like magistrates fought only for his recommendation. Ruhome and unruhome mayo bulk boulo in yogo hands like a dovіchnogo censor and through special refurbishment. The Senate is left with a lot of money left over by finances. The activity of the tribunes was paralyzed by his participation in the meetings of the їхної collegium and the tribune’s power granted to you by the tribune’s sacrosanctitas. Protégé tribune vіn not buv; Mayuchi їhnyu power, vin not mav їhny imeni. So, having recommended them to the people, then a hundred of them were blamed by the greatest authority. The senate of wines is ordered according to the svavoli and like the head of yogo (nowadays yoma, the head rank, and the first consulate is needed), and like the first giving advice on feeding the head-headed: like the thought of an almighty dictator, it’s unlikely that any of the senators would be super read yoma.
Zreshtoy, and the spiritual life of Rome was in his hands, the shards are already on the cob of their kar'єri vins of rebuke by the great pontiff, and now the power of the censor has come to him, and now the power of the censor is ringing. Special improvements, as if they gave him judicial authority, Caesar did not mav, but the judicial functions were small and consulate, censorship, and pontificate. Above those, we feel more about the post-judgment at Caesar's house, the head rank for the nourishment of a political character. With the newly created dominion, Caesar, having begun to give and new im'ya: this was the cry of honor, like the emperor was able to overcome it. Tse im'ya Y. Caesar putting on the title of his own name, replacing him with his special name Gai. Tsim Vіn gave Viraz not only the breadth of his own dominion, his imperium, but also to the one who is now Vіn to go out of the ranks of the great people, replacing his own designations with his own dominion, and at the same time suvaying from the new one hour to belong to one genus: head of state cannot be called like a be-yaky іnshiy Roman S. Iulius Caesar - vin Imp (erator) Caesar p (ater) p (atriae) dict (ator) perp (etuus), like to certify his title in inscriptions and on coins.
About the power of J. Caesar and especially about yoga dictatorship divas. Zumpt, "Studia Romana", 199 ff.; Mommsen Corp. inscr. latinarum", I, 36 that word; Gunter, "Zeitschrift fur Numismatik", 1895, 192 ff.; Groebe, in a new vision of Drumann "Geschichte Roms" (I, 404 ff.); since. Herzog, Geschichte und System. (II, 1st line).
The core idea of Caesar's modern policy was the creation of a strong and whole state, with natural, if possible, cordons. Tsyu ideyu Caesar spent і pіvnochі, і pіvdnі, і Skhodі. Winters in Gaul, Germany and Britain were called out to him by the need to hang a cordon to Rome from one side to the ocean, to the Rhine, on the other. Yogo plan to march on the getiv and dakiv to bring, like the Danube cordon lay between yogo plans. In the middle of the cordon, which united Greece with Italy with a dry path, Greco-Roman culture is small; the borderlands between the Danube and Italy and Greece were the same buffer against the peoples of the pivnochi immediately, like the Gauls - against the Germans. Tіsno z tsim i politika Caesar Skhodі. Death overtook him ahead of the march to Parthia. This policy, including and actually coming to the Roman state of Egypt, was directed at the rounding of the Roman Empire at the Skhodі. The only serious opponent of Rome was the Parthians here; The picture on the right with Crassus showed that the stink of a wide expansive policy is on the verge. The renaissance of the Persian kingdom went against the orders of Rome, the successor of the monarchy, Oleksandr, and threatened to boost the economic dominance of the state, which was more likely to rest on the factory, penny Gathering. Rishucha victory over the Parthians robbed Caesar in the eyes of the Lord Immediately as the direct successor of Alexander the Great, the legitimate monarch. Nareshti, in Africa Yu. Caesar continued the daily colonial policy. Africa's political significance is not small; economically important, like a power, like a virobable large number natural products, was deposited by a significant world in the regular administration, attached to the accumulation of nomadic tribes and the creation of the best harbor of African beer, the natural center of the province and the central point of exchange with Italy - Carthage. Podіl kraїni on dvі provіntsії pleased with the first two requests, residually Carthage - the third.
In all the reformatory activities of Caesar, two main ideas are clearly visible. One - the need to unite the Roman state in one goal, the need to smooth out the difference between the huge man-master and the provincial-slave, to smooth out the fortunes of nationalities; otherwise, it is closely connected with the first, - the ordering of the administration, the close connection of the state with the subordinates, the adoption of intermediaries, the central power is strong. Insults and ideas appear in all of Caesar's reforms, regardless of those who spent their wines swiftly and quartetly, smearing the short spans of their stay in Rome. I look around at the sequence of the next visits of vipadkov; Caesar took care of those that were given to him as the most inconvenient, and arguably left behind everything that was broken by him, independently of the chronology, allowing him to catch the essence of his reforms and mark the line of the system in his past.
The general tendencies of Caesar were marked out in front of many political parties among the core classes. Your policy of mercy by offering to opponents, for the blame of the irreconcilable, to get everyone to a sovereign life, without a difference in the party, that mood, allowed them to among their neighbors, many of their opponents, without a doubt, testify about bajannya to anger all the thoughts of your own person and your regime . The value of the common policy is explained by the wide confidence in everyone, as it was the cause of his death.
The general trend of Italy is clearly visible. Before us, one of the laws of Caesar, which regulates certain parts of municipal life in Italy, has been discussed. It’s true, now it’s impossible to affirm that this law was the universal municipal law of J. Caesar (lex Iulia municipalis), the prote is no doubt, that it is guilty of adding to all municipalities the statutes of the other Italian communities, serving as a corrective to it. On the other hand, according to the law, the norms that govern the life of Rome and the municipal norms, and the significance of the fact that the norms of the city will improve Rome were obov'azkovymi and for municipalities, clearly showing the tendency to call Rome to m municipalities, municipalities go to Rome, what a vidteper is to blame only for the first of the italian cities, the residence of the central government and all similar centers of life. The legal municipal law for all of Italy, in the case of municipalities, was unacceptable, but the deuce, the global norms were bazhanimi and brown, and clearly indicated those that the time of the month of Italy and the city of Rome represent one unity of Rome om whole.
Caesar's bulo was beaten on 15 birch 44 p. BC e. at the cost of the session of the Senate. If one time friends have pleased dictators, beware of enemies and sharpen their guard, Caesar vіdpovіv: “It’s better to die once, or else you’ll get death.”
Gaius Julius Caesar is a richly talented man, a prote in the history of wines, having lost his heart to the main ones, the building is like people. In the success of Caesar chimalu, the role played a role of pohodzhennya - rіd Yuliyev, zgіdno with biographical dzherels, being one of the most recent in Rome. Julia's family was led by the legendary Aeneas (syn of the goddess Venus), who came from Troy and fell asleep the dynasty of Roman kings. Appearing in the world of Caesar in 102 BC, at that hour the man of the yogo aunt Gaius Mariy defeated a rich army of Germans on the cordon of Italy. Yogo's father, who was also called Gaius Julius Caesar, did not reach the heights of the car'er. Vіn buv proconsul of Asia. But the controversy of the young Caesar with Mary made the future brighter before the young man.
At 16 roki, young Caesar befriends Cornelia, Donka Cinni, Mary's closest associate. Approximately 83 BC they had a daughter, Julia, the only legitimate child of Caesar, - moreover, illegitimate children were already in their youth. Often roaming the squad on their own, Caesar is with the company of friends in the charter roaming the taverns. Vіdrіznyavsya vіn vіd odnolitkіv khіba tim, scho lovіv іtati — Caesar having read uѕі books in Latin and Greek, like zmіg know, and more than once hostile svіvrozmovnіvnіv іznannymi in raznih areas.
Being a shanuvalnik of the ancient sages, he did not believe in the steel of his life, peaceful and safe. I mav ration - if Mary died at Rome, a mass war broke out. Sulla, the leader of the aristocratic party, took power into his own hands, as if he had started reprisals against the Marians. Guy, who, having been separated from the daughter of Tsina, was relieved, and he himself was in turmoil. "Shukait vovchenya, a hundred Marys sit with him!" - Vimagav dictator. However, by the time Guy had already broken to Asia Minor, to the friends of his recently deceased father.
Not far from Miletus, the ship was suffocated by pirates. By the foolish robes, the young man zatsіkav їх, and the stench greeted for the new great ransom - 20 talents srіbl. "Cheap for me!" - Vіdpovіv vіdpovіv nashchik Venus i propoponuvav 50 talіnіv. Having sent his servant to pick up the debt, he kept the wines for two months at the “guests” of the pirates.
Julius Caesar, arguing with the pirates to sing zuhvalo - having fenced them to sit at his presence, calling them louts and threatening roses on the cross. Having gained a penny, the pirates with relief let the scoundrel in. Guy immediately straightened up to the Roman Vlady, ordered a sprinkling of ships and overtook his vikradachiv from that city, de vin bov at the full. Having taken pennies in them, win and rightly rose up pirates - it’s true, it’s quiet, whoever is sympathetic to you, punishing you to suffocate.
Sulla died at that hour, but the party's followers took power, and Julius Caesar did not hurry back to the capital. Rick wine having tasted in Rhodes, learning the red spirit - in the meantime, it was necessary to speak politics, like wine firmly violating the statutes.
From the schools of Apollonius Molon, when Cicero himself became a teacher, Caesar became a brilliant orator, we prepare Rome to the root. The first mova їm was voted out in the 68th century BC. at the funeral of the aunt, widow Mary, - bitterly praising the disgraced commander of that yoga of the reforms, and at the same time calling out the commotion among the Sullans. Cicavia fact, Scho at the funeral of her squad, yak died in the nearby canopies of fate earlier, without saying a word.
Mova on Zahist Maria became the cob of yoga election campaign - Julius Caesar, hanging his candidacy for the planting of the quaestor. Such an insignificant tenure gave the opportunity to become a praetor, and then a consul - the greatest representative of power in the Roman Republic. Pozichivsya in someone only zmіg a great sum, 1000 talents, Venery's bait wasted її on miraculous banquets and gifts for them, for whom yogo was lying. At that hour, two commanders, Pompey and Crassus, fought for power in Rome, like Gaius, having uttered his podtrimka through the devil.
Tse brought to you the estate of a quaestor, and then Edil, an official, who gave him the honor of holiness in Rome. On the vіdmіnu vіd іnshih politikov, vіn іn іn generosity i saw the people not bread, but roses - either battles of gladiators, or magic from music, or jubilee of a long-forgotten victory. Forgive me, the Romans were in the new hoard. He deserved the sympathy of the illuminated Roman prosharka of the wines, having created an accessible museum on the Capitol Hill, de displaying a rich collection of Greek statues. As a result, yoga was sent to the settlement of the supreme pontiff, tobto the priest.
Don't believe in anything, try your luck. It was important for Julius Caesar to take care of the seriousness of the hour of the religious ceremonies. However, the settlement of the pontiff robbed him of a lack of torment. It saved you life, if at 62 roci they crowed the zmovu of Catalina. The solicitors took it upon themselves to propagate Gaius to become a dictator. The stench was scary, but Caesar was killed.
In addition, 62 BC. Vіn becomes a praetor, protégé vlіz at such borg, scho buv zmushniy Vіchne misto i virushiti namysnik to Іspanії. There, they beat the camp swiftly, bringing the non-covered places to ruin. He generously shared with his excesses of wine with his warriors, seemingly: "Vlada speaks two words - military and pennies, moreover, one without the other is inconceivable." The emperor was stunned by the elder soldiers of Yogo - they gave the old-fashioned ringing to the city for a great victory, although the monk did not take away such a victory.
After that Guy is robbed by the consul, but the settlement for the new one is already small. The days of the republican mode reached the end, on the right it went to the unity of rule, and Julius Caesar would become the right ruler of Rome. For whom youmu happened to enter into an alliance with Pompey and Crassus, whom youmu did not long to reconcile.
60 BC BC - A triumvirate of new allies having seized power. To consolidate the alliance, Caesar, seeing his daughter Julia for Pompey, and himself making friends with his niece. Moreover, the voice attributing to him a link with the squads of Crassus and Pompey. That and the other Roman matrons, for a little bit, wines without overstepping their respect. The soldiers sang about the new song: "Have the squads - we are led to the place of the fox rogue!".
Vіn really early oblisіv, soromivsya tsgogo i reach at the Senate, I will allow the whole hour to wear the laurel wreath of the victor on the head. Lisina, following the words of Suetonius, was the only water in the biography of Julius Caesar. Vіn buv is high, kindly folded, shkіru mav svіtlu, ochі chіrnі ta liveі. Knowing the world, beer is also not enough for a Roman; navit yogo vorog Cato, saying that "Caesar is one of the us zdijsniv sovereign coup, being truezim."
Bulo in a new one prizvisko - "the man of the usd squads and the squad of all the men." We walked a little, in Asia Minor, the young Caesar mav zvyazok with the king of Bethinia Nikomed. Well, call in ancient Rome were so that the whole thing could appear true. Adopt Guy, without trying to shut up the mouth of the mockers, following the whole modern principle "whatever they say, they say it." They spoke kindly - at the new post, they had generously served the Roman niello before, having now added bread to them. The people's kohannya was not cheap, the consul again climbed in at the Borg and in razdratuvann, calling himself "a bіdn z hromаdyan".
Vіn z polegshennyam zіtkhnuv, if after fate perebuvannya in the consul's quarters youma, for the Roman sons, had a chance to fold the povyovennya. Caesar, having achieved the approval of the Senate, which was ruled by the cherubati of Schlia - the present France. The Romans had only a small part of the rich country. For 8 years, Julius Caesar was able to conquer the whole Shlea. Ale, no wonder, they loved a lot of Galliyogo - having twisted their language, roaring wine about their religion and sounding.
On this day, “Notes on the Gallic War” is no less than the main biography about the Gauls, who went into trouble not without the help of Caesar, but one of the first historical examples of political PR. They have Venus's bait swaying. 800 cities were taken by storm, a million enemies were blamed, and another million were slaughtered, giving their lands to Roman veterans. Veterans with vdyachnistyu said in all kutkas that in the campaigns of Julius Caesar there were pishki in order of them, pіdbadyoryuchi vіdstayuchih. Trimavsya on a horse, like a natural leader. Having spent the night at the vozі just the sky, only in the planks hovavsya. At a halt, dictating to the secretaries two, or even three sheets on different topics.
On the stіlki zhvave at this hour, the listing of Caesar was explained to them that after the death of Crassus in the Persian campaign, the triumvirate had come to an end. Pompey was more and more distrustful of Caesar, who had already reversed yoga with glory and wealth. On this attack, the Senate called Julius Caesar from Hell and punished you to appear at the Vichne place, leaving the army at the cordon.
The decisive moment has arrived. On the cob 49 BC Caesar went to the cordon river Rubikon on the pіvnіch vіd Rimіnі and zvelіv 5000 of his soldiers go їїі virushiti to Rome. It seems that at the same time, having washed away the historical phrase “the colt is thrown” from the devil’s time. In fact, the foal was abandoned richly earlier, when the young Caesar mastered subtle politics.
Already in those hours, I saw that power is given into the hands of lesser people, who can sacrifice for her the decision-friendship, this, almost podyaki. The great son-in-law of Pompey, who had helped you on the cob of the kar'eri, now becoming the main enemy, without gaining strength, went as far as Greece. Caesar, with his military, set off after him, and, without letting him get shy, defeated his army at Pharsal. Pompeii anew vtіk, now already to Egypt, de Mіstsevі dignitaries hammered yoga, virіshivshi earn the favor of Julius Caesar.
To that, such a result was foreseeable, it’s more, that he gave you a lead to send an army against the Egyptians, ringing them at the beating of a Roman hulk. Vimagayuchi for the tse majestic voucher, vіn hotіv razpaytitsya z vіyskomu, albeit everything went differently. Yuna Cleopatra, the sister of the ruling king Ptolemy XTV, who appeared before the commander, raptomly propagated you to herself - and in her place her kingdom.
Guy in front of him, like a virushiti to Galiya, having made friends in the third place - with the rich recession of Calpurniya, prote not being sensitive to her. Vin succumbed to Cleopatra in such a way that she enchanted yoga. Ale and she tried for an hour to the old Caesar right a little. Later, the conqueror of the world, with a hail of zakidiv, took Cleopatra at the Eternal Mist, and she heard more more zakid for those who had destroyed to the last, the first of the Egyptian rulers, having deprived the sacred valley of the Nile.
In the meantime, while they were dying, they were surrounded by the Egyptians in the harbor of Oleksandriya. The Romans set fire to the place for the mess. having known the famous Oleksandriya library, Voni could trespass before the arrival of reinforcements and the rebellion was strangled. On the way home, Julius Caesar casually defeated the army of the Pontic king Pharnaces, telling him about going to Rome with the famous phrase: "Come, sing, win."
Yom had a chance to fight against Pompey's followers - in Africa and Spain. Less than 45 BC Vіn turning to Rome, devastated by hromadyanskim viynami, and yogi was voted out by the dictator's daughter. Julius Caesar himself, having vowed to call himself emperor more beautifully, did not encourage him to make contact with the army and military victories.
Having reached the power of the Bazhan, Venus's bait caught three important words. First - having reformed the Roman calendar, the Greeks called it the most vicious in the world. For the help of the Egyptian astronomers, who were sent by Cleopatra, they split the rivers for 12 months and punished once on chotiri the rocks to add to the new zayviy, leap day. The new, Julian calendar appeared to be the most accurate of the most important and trembling for the second time in thousands of years, and the Russian church is rooted in it for the rest of the world. Another - amnesty for all of their political opponents. Third - having become karbuvati gold coins, for which the gods will replace the images of Caesar himself at the laurel wreath. After Caesar, they began to officially call God Sin.
Vіd tsgogo zalishavshis more than krok to the royal title. For a long time, the leaves had proclaimed the crown to you, and the Egyptian queen gave birth to you, the son of Caesarion, who instantly became a son of the fall. Caesar succeeded in bringing a new dynasty to sleep, uniting the two great powers. And if the closest comrade-in-arms Mark Antony publicly wanted to put on a new gold royal crown, Caesar did it. Maybe, virishiv, more often than not, it’s possible, not wanting to transform from the only emperor in the world to the supreme king, which was impersonal.
The crumbling ruins are easily explained - Julius Caesar peacefully ruled Rome for less than two years. Those who, with all their wines, thought for centuries like a great sovereign fiend, are another one who has shown yogo charisma, which bleeds on people so strongly, like on fellows. We planned new transformations, but Rome's treasury was empty. Shchob popovniti її. Caesar vindicated the new Viyskovy pokhid, who declared him to be the greatest conqueror of history. We want to destroy the kingdom of Persia, and then we will turn to the Eternal Place with a pivnichny path, having nurtured the times, the Scythians and the Germans.
Occupying Rome, vіn mav deprive "on the state" of the nadіnyh people, so that they could be stabbed to death. Gaius Julius Caesar had three such people: his comrade-in-arms Mark Antony, his son-in-arms Gaius Octavian, and the son of the old kohanka Servilia Mark Brutus. Antony gave the emperor the frivolity of a warrior, Octavian - the cold voluptuousness of a politician. It is more important to understand what could have connected Caesar with the now middle-aged Brutus, a tedious pedant, a drag on the republic's henchman. And yet, Caesar, after slipping yoga at the vlad, publicly calling his "dear son." Possibly, we are hard-wired by the policy of vin rozumiv - we can tell a story about republican garlic, without any eternal place of decay and death. At the same time, Brutus instantly reconciled two of his comrades, who clearly did not like one another.
The emperor, who knows everything and everything, not knowing - chi does not want to know chi verity - that this “sin” together with other republics is ready to speak against it. Caesar was repeatedly informed about it, ale vin vіdmahuvsya, seemingly: “If so, it’s better to die once, or live in fear.” The swing was called on the birch tree, go - the 15th day of the month, if Guy Maw appears in the Senate. A detailed description of the Svіtlonіy about the way I create the defeat of the tragic action, in which the emperor played the role of the victim, the martyr of the monarchical idea, by the notes. As soon as the Senate was awake, a note was handed over to the senate with an advance, but he looked up.
One of the dignitaries, Decimus Brutus, turned in a hefty Anthony at the entrance, without disturbing him. Tіliy Tsimbre having sacked Julius Caesar for a toga - it was a signal for reshti - and Serviliy Kaska hit him first. Far away, the blows sank one by one - the skin from the beaten man tried to bring in its deposit, and at the smіtєzvalishchі the stink wounded one one. Then the solicitors parted, and until the last living emperor, who crouched down to the colony, Brutus fell. The “sin” of the move lifted the dagger, and the beaten bait of Venus fell dead, catching up to say the rest of the historical phrase: “You, Brutus!”.
As soon as it happened, the senators were stunned by the rage, as if they became fleeting lookouts for the beating, rushed tikati. Ribbed and beaten, having covered the curved daggers. The corpse of Julius Caesar had long been lying by the empty bed, the docks of yoga were not sent by the slaves of the virna Calpurnia. The body of the emperor was burnt in the Roman forum, where the temple of the divine Julius was built every year. Month of quintiles on yoga was renamed to lime (Iulius).
The builders supported the loyalty of the Romans to the spirit of the republic, but the power was firm, installed by a dictator, surrendered to the Republican chaos. Nezabar, the city dwellers rushed to beat Caesar and spared his cruel death. Svetoniy concludes his speech about the biography of Gay Yuliya with the words: “For this reason, no one has lived after 3 years. All the stench perished in a different way, and Brutus and Kasij struck themselves with the same dagger, like the stench drove Caesar.
V. Erlikhman
Gaius Julius Caesar - a famous ancient Roman politician, sovereign fiend, prominent commander, writer; This name was transformed into the title of the Roman emperors and became the basis for the designation of other names similar to the title (kaiser, kesar, king). Narodivshis vіn u 100 chi 102 r. to the sound e., 13 Linden (in other biographical dzherels the date of 12 Linden is given), Buv was the prodovzhuvach of the noble patrician family of Juliev. Yogo father was praetor, later - proconsul of Asia, mother was placed before Aurelius, a noble plebeian family.
Zavdyaks such a likeness and connections of his family, the young Caesar miraculously changed his mind for a distant glimmering political career. Yogo rodna titka was the retinue of Mary, mayzhe of the one-armed Roman emperor. Yuliy zdobuv garnu osvіtu, buv harmonically vindications, to which the physical vihovannya took; all this also prepared yoga for future success.
At 84 p. to the sound e. Caesar became a priest of Jupiter, prote was installed 82 p. to the sound e. Sulli's dictatorship significantly ruined this camp, having introduced a settlement. In addition, it was necessary to be separated from the retinue, for what a great priest of the guardian. Through this, they took away the Batkivska spadshchina from the new one, and confiscated mine from the yogo squad. Threat life without a hitch, Sulli's health was not on the side, the dictator pardoned Yogo, wanting to put himself on guard. Prote Julius Caesar, in order to escape possible reprisals, having gone to little Asia, having gone to military service.
At 78 p. to the sound That is, if Sulla died, Julius Caesar turned to Rome and actively turned on to a suspended life. Vin often spoke at the court and, schob be a master speaker, having studied with the famous Rator Molon in Rhodes. Yogo kar'єra rose from being recognized as a priest-pontiff and tribune of Viysk. In this settlement, I actively spoke out for those who had adopted Mary, who had been granted rights. At 65 p. to the sound e. Caesar became a more popular specialty - which was helped by the introduction of yoga edil. At the borders of the tsієї plant vines of vlashtovuvav bread distributions; also at Yogo Vіdannі bula organіzаtsіya is holy, urochistih podіy, mіs'kyi prosperous, gladiator fights. At 52 p. to the sound e. Caesar - praetor, then upholding two fates of wines as a monastic of the province of Spain Dalnya. Significance in this settlement demonstrated that Caesar was a great administrative officer, knowing well the Viysk law.
At 60 r. to the sound e. Julius Caesar entered into a voluntary political alliance with M. Crassus and G. Pompey, as commemorative posts in the political sky. The last creation of this so-called. the first triumvirate was the appointment of Caesar as a consul. It became 59 p. to the sound e. Together with Caesar on the qiu landing of Bibul's appointments, prote vin vykonuvav bindings, swidshe, formally. Caesar-consul was far away from low life laws, investments from the mind state system. Having distributed wine to the veterans of the land, having changed for a third the sum of tributes, then, for the sake of it, having obtained a great number of people on their own.
If the term of the consulship ended, Gaius Julius Caesar became proconsul of Galicia. Yogo's innovation included the ability, after typing a wіysk, to pick up wіysk dії. Caesar, without failing to speed up with the law and demonstrating prominent strategic and diplomatic talents, succumbing to the situation and making good use of it, having successfully conquered Zaalpine Gaul (like 58-51 BC). Caesar was far away not only from the attack of the Germans - he himself (and it was a precedent in Roman history) having stepped out of the legions beyond the Rhine. Caesar became famous as a prominent commander, as a majestic mav vpiv on pіdopіchnykh, by the power of the word, he instantly suffocated the warriors. The role of grave and special butt is also important: Caesar, vitrival and vіdvazhny, be it the weather with an unshaven head, unfailingly captivating the army.
Koli 53 p. to the sound that is, one of the members of the taem union, Crassus, having died, rozpochavsya a new stage in the biography of Caesar as a politician: between him and Pompey, the struggle for one-stop volodinnya power flared up. Caesar is miraculously wise, that in Rome, and in Viysk, who knows beyond yoga boundaries, he has majestic authority, and to that he was called to battles. At 49 p. to the sound e., 12 Sichnya, together with the soldiers of the 13th legion of wines, they made a crossing, which took them into history, through the river Rubikon. The battles fought more than one river, Pompeii was in a state of turmoil in the flow in the provinces that were known in Asia, after which it was beaten in Egypt. For orders, Caesar mourned the death of his colossal ally, that supernik, if Yomu was brought Yogo's head.
Turning to Rome, Julius Caesar felt himself overcome. Large-scale vistas prevail, warriors win from the hands of the fence, and the people are generously frequented. Yogo is assigned to the 10th term as a dictator, and sometimes he is rewarded with the titles of "father of the fatherland", "emperor". Caesar, changing into a new status, sees laws about local government, about Roman enormity, law, directives against luxury and quick distribution of bread in Rome. We are carrying out a reform of the calendar, which has been named in honor of Yogo. To the one who kept the republican form of government in Rome, Caesar's rule becomes more unfettered, tk. Golovnі republicanski plant, for example, the consul and the dictator, get away from you yourself.
In the world of that, as the power of Caesar grew and matured, in the suspense, especially in the midst of the oppressors of the republic, it was ripening. A group of opponents, among them the buli Mark the Young Brutus (there was a bit about the new one, like the poignant son of the emperor) and the closest comrade-in-arms Kasii, virishila saved his life. Created this namir bulo 15 birch 44 r. BC e. right in front of the senate. Throwing themselves at Julius Caesar with daggers, the heirs gave him faceless wounds, and in one case, a few of them, or he died bleeding.
The name of Caesar has been lost in history, the head rank, the zavdyak of his inexpressible, rich in what is an ambiguous state, political activity, talent of a commander. However, having declared to himself that he is a talented writer, he wants to work in this field for him not by self-kill, but, rather, by one of the additional methods political struggle. Until today, two works have been preserved - “Notes on the Gallic War”, as well as “Notes on the Great War”, as they are respected by the classics of Latin prose. Apparently, a treatise on grammar, a copy of pamphlets and verses, a selection of leaves and promos lay in my pen. The activity of Julius Caesar was revealed by a large-scale flooring, which is a development of the Western Europe pіd її vplivom recognized cardinal changes in the sphere of politics and culture.
