"creature. K. Linnay, in his “System of Nature,” placed both the highest and lowest forms in one group of primates. C. Darwin on numerical examples in the special exercise “Human behavior and state selection”, showing the close similarity of humans with the most common anthropoid species.
Lyudina is reasonable ( Homo sapiens) belongs to the Chordovia type, the Chrebetny subtype, the Ssavtsi class, the placental subclass, the Primate race, and the Hominida family.
Z chordovii People are pleased to note: the presence of a notochord in the early embryonic stages, a neural tube that lies above the notochord, glandular fissures at the walls of the pharynx, a heart on the vernal side under the herbal fact.
Belonging to people spinal subtype is indicated by the replacement of the chord with a ridge, an uneven skull and a slit apparatus, two pairs of ends, a cerebrum, which is formed by the heels of the brain.
Appearance of hair on the surface of the body, heels Viddilov ridge, greasy, sweaty and milk vines, diaphragms, four-chamber heart, a highly wrinkled cerebral cortex and warm-bloodedness testify to the trustworthiness of a person to the class of ssavtsiv.
The development of the fetus in the mother’s body and its consumption through the placenta are features characteristic of subclass placental.
The presence of the anterior ends of the hapal type (the first finger is placed against the other), well-arranged clavicle, fingernails, one pair of teat nipples, replacement in Ontogenesis of milk teeth on the post-life, people, as a rule, one child is allowed to bring a person to primates
More private features, such as the similar structure of the brain and facial lobes of the skull, the well-developed frontal parts of the brain, the large number of ridges on the cerebrum, the presence of the appendix, the prominence of the caudal lobe of the ridge, development of facial muscles, including the main blood groups, such as Rh factors and other signs that bring humans closer to human-like creatures. Anthropoids also suffer from a wide range of infectious diseases that affect humans (tuberculosis, typhus, infantile paralysis, dysentery, HIV/AIDS, etc.). In chimpanzees, Down syndrome is more common, which, like in humans, is associated with the presence in the karyotype of the creature of the third chromosome of 21 pairs. The closeness of humans to anthropoids is evident through other signs.
At that very hour, between humans and creatures, creatures and human-like monsters, the root qualities emerge. Only people walk upright. Due to its vertical position, the human skeleton has sharp vertebrae, a supporting foot with a strongly flexed great toe, and a flat chest.
The hand of the hand - the organ of pratsi - is designed to vikonuvati highly complex and high-precision hands. The brain lobe of the skull significantly outweighs the facial part. The area of the measles of the great brain and the volume of the brain are significantly greater than that of human-like patients. People have a deep knowledge and imaginative mentality, from which such activities as design, painting, literature, science are connected. I'm sorry, only people can join forces one by one for help. These peculiarities of life, life and behavior of people are the result of the evolution of their ancestors’ creatures.
Dzherelo : ON THE. Lemeza L.V. Kamlyuk N.D. Lisov "A Handbook of Biology for Entrants to VNZ"
like a human being.
Darwin showed that the main factors in the evolution of organic light are the agents of anthropogenesis. In the work “Human behavior and articulation” (1871) he provided evidence of the creaturely behavior of people. They can be divided into 3 groups:
The main stages that signify the clear changes of a person’s ancestors are:
The uniqueness of human evolution lies in the fact that progressively evolutionary factors spend their ongoing significance and give way to social factors (a successful way of life, culture, culture and language). Social factors include:
Rustic forces of anthropogenesis mean:
Similar to current scientific discoveries, anatomically normal humans result from the development of matter over a period of 13.7 billion years and are the most complexly organized species.
It is obvious that people must reach the world with rich cultural origins. Among the colossal number of richly cellular forms of a person can be brought to the group of bilaterally symmetrical ones: the right and left half of our body are placed among themselves as the subject of that image in the mirror. Among the bilaterally symmetrical organisms, humans sit at a different place from the kingdom of creatures.
The human body has a lot of features associated with the following: spine, 7 cervical spines, two pairs of important type endings, closed circulatory system, four-chambered heart, nuclear-free red blood cells, hairline, constant body temperature, legene ve dikhannya, good excuses nervous system ta organi pochuttiv. The greatest similarity between humans and primates.
According to the criteria of zoological taxonomy, the species of “homo sapiens” (Homo sapiens) in a particular family of hominids is classified into the primate group, the class of Sapiens, the subtype of vertebrates, and the type of chordates (Table No. 1).
Table No. 1
The place of everyday people in the kingdom of creatures
| Taxon | Latin Name | Russian Name | Warehouse of the Tvarin group |
| Kingdom | Creatures | Mustache creatures | |
| Type | Chordata | Chordovia | All the creatures that move around |
| Subtype | Vertebrata | Ridge | All creatures that have a backbone and 2 pairs of endings |
| class | mammalia | About | All warm-blooded creatures, openly, like the people of living babies |
| Zagin | Primates | Primati | Napivmavpi, mavpi, human-like mavpi and people |
| Pidzagin | Haplorhini | Haplori-new | Dovgop'yati, mavpi, human-like mavpi and people |
| Infrasagin | Catarrhini | Vuzkonosi Mavpi | Mavpi of the Old World, human-like Mavpi and people |
| Nadrodina | Hominoidea | Hominoids | Human-like mawpi and people |
| Family | Hominidae | Hominids | The people are the same ancestors |
| Read | Homo | Vlasna people | Lyudina |
| View | H. sapiens | - | Neoanthropus |
| Type | H. sapiens sapiens | - | Anatomically everyday lyudina (people) |
Taxonomy of representatives of the Primate pen.
There are approximately 200 species of living primates, found in 61 species, 12 families (Table No. 2). The number of primates is rapidly decreasing. More than 60 species and subspecies are listed in the Book of Chervona.
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Small 1.1. Zvichaina stupid Fig. 1.2. Mongoose lemur
This group includes 6 families: tupai (Fig. 1.1), lemurs (Fig. 1.2), loris (Fig. 1.3), Indri and others.
Strepsirrhine primates have nostrils that open onto the bare part of the tip of the nose; the upper lip of these primates is smooth, unruly and hairless. In addition to the primitive morphology, they are small in size and differ from other species in behavior. These are also nocturnal, mosquito-like and herbaceous creatures that live in groups or otherwise lead a solitary way of life.
Another group - haplorin primates (with rounded nostrils, obstructed by the walls of the nose and opening up on a crumbly, with a broken meatball, and a burnt upper lip), - consists of three main taxa - a 'yat, broad-nosed and narrow-nosed maws.
Dovgop'yati - this is a relict group that lives in Pivdenno-Skhidny Asia, similar to napіvmavp (Fig. 1.4). This group includes only one family, which includes creatures the size of a pike perch, and a number of systematization schemes bring them down to greater primates. Dovgopyatov appeared in the Eocene, and some of the groups were identified in the territory of Europe and Pivnichna
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America. Small 1.3. Tovstiy lori Mal. 1.4. Philippine Dovgop'yat
The nina were mostly preserved on the Indonesian and Philippine islands. Everyday drinks, including nightly creatures. Just a specialization to the nightly and 24-hour way of living - great things about the taste of the people. Live alone or in pairs, near bamboo chagarniks, on small trees or in light-colored forests. Thanks to the shavings, the hind legs are longer, with a specialized foot (the heel and toe are greatly reduced, the great and small tarsus are often overgrown, and the great toe is larger for gripping). They graze on mosquitoes, spiders, and lizards.
Broad-nosed and high-nosed mapi are a group of human-like primates. They are also called Mavpas of the New and Old World. Approximately 35 million years ago, the resentment of America arose in Eurasia and Africa, and the broad-nosed monkeys developed there in isolation. Most of the New World, the cartilaginous nasal septum is wide, and the nostrils are widely separated and angular. Today's broad-nosed mawpi are represented by villages of mawpi of two families - igrunidae and cebia, which live in the tropical rainforests of the Central and New America, It’s practically everywhere that trees, herds of creatures, stinks don’t descend to the ground, it’s important to grow and grow. The calls are even different, and the behavior of the node is even more complex. The morphology is characterized by the presence of several primitive characters in the skull and even special features in the body, for example, the tail. The broad-nosed species are characterized by the creation of “mixed animals”, which include representatives of various species of mafia, and sometimes include raccoons and birds.
The size of broad-nosed monkeys ranges from a mouse to a dog. Broadnoses are daytime creatures, in addition to many species, who lead a daytime way of life.
In the Old World, primates developed more intensively and settled down to terrestrial life. In Europe and Africa, the nasal septum and nostrils, like in humans, are pointed downward. Vulknosti mapi are divided into two groups: lower viknosti mapi and human-like mapi - hominoids.
Among today's lower, narrow-nosed maws there is only one family - maws, to which family can be found - mawpi, macaques, mandrills, baboons, slender-bodied mawpi, colobus monkeys, proboscis monkeys, langurs, which linger in Africa, Asia and Europe (Gibraltar).
Small 1.5. Nosach Mal. 1.6. Japanese macaque
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cover a wide range of ecological niches, all representatives being herds and herds.
Small 1.7. Rice. 1.8. Gorila
Before the gominoids there are modern people and their closest relatives - the Pongids - the human-like creatures. Today's human-like creatures (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons) represent forms that, about 10-15 million years ago, evolved along a line of development compatible with humans (Fig. 1.7, Fig. 1.8). These are great creatures beyond their size, who lead a daily, gregarious way of life and growing up. Great pongidae - orangutans, and chimpanzees - lead a terrestrial way of life, and the other ones - gibbons - are terrestrial creatures. Gibbons and orangutans inhabit Pivdenno-Skhidna Asia, gorillas, and chimpanzees inhabit equatorial Africa.
Therefore, they are divided into two groups: Asian forms, which include the orangutan and gibbon, and African ones, which include chimpanzees and gorillas - the largest of the primates that live. People have close relations with African humanoids. Among them, the closest people are anatomically and behaviorally similar to chimpanzees.
The Chimpanzee series includes two current mind: chimpanzee or bonobo, or pygmy chimpanzee.
The most common chimpanzee in Equatorial Africa, where it hangs around the tropical rainforests and mountain forests. These large bodies have a full body length of up to 1.5 m, body weight of 45-50 kg, and sometimes up to 80 kg. Chimpanzees eat a lot of hedgehogs, sometimes termites and ants. With regularity, chimpanzees peck at other creatures. It is typical that someone’s behavior changes dramatically. For example, it is altruism - they share meat, and also the group ceases to have a hierarchy that has been established - and a dominant individual cannot take meat from a smaller individual.
The pygmy chimpanzee roams a small area between the Congo and Luabala rivers. In size, he is much smaller, lower-ranked chimpanzee, thin, with a black skin, with longer hair on the sides of his forehead. It is characteristic that the pygmy chimpanzee often moves on its hind legs, carrying it to the hands various items for example, peas. Chimpanzees are even more prone to vikorism, for example, the stink of peas splits into stones.
Nowadays, people tend to see other gominoids in the same way and are very similar to them in others. Everyday people inhabit the entire planet, are accustomed to a daily way of living and are everywhere.
The appearance in the process of embryonic development of the human notochord, zebra fissures in the empty pharynx, dorsal empty nerve tube, bilateral symmetry in the human body - indicates that humans belong to the phylum Chordata. The development of the spinal column, the heart on the ventral side of the body, the presence of two pairs of ends – up to the spinal subtype (Vertebrata). Warm-bloodedness, the development of mammary veins, the presence of hair on the surface of the body indicate that the person belongs to the class of Mammalia. The development of the child in the middle of the mother’s body and the feeding of the fetus through the placenta indicate that the person belongs to the placental subclass (Eutheria). The most anonymous signs clearly indicate the status of humans in the Primates system.
Well, from a biological point of view, humans are one of the species of animals that lie before the enclosure of primates, the enclosure of the lichens.
The place of a reasonable person in the current classification is presented as follows:
1. Species Homo sapiens sapiens
2. Viglyad Homo sapiens
4. Triba Homini
5. Pidrodina Homininae
6. Family Hominidae
7. Nadrodina Hominoidea
8. Section Catarrhini
9. Row Harlorhini (Antropoidea)
10. Zagin Primates
Anatomical evidence. About the creaturely behavior of people, one can witness the evidence of vestigial organs and atavisms in them.
Rudiments are organs that have lost their primary significance during the process of evolution. There are 90 rudiments in the human body:
1. spinal ridges (excess caudal shaft);
2. weak hair growth on the body;
3. subcutaneous meat;
4. pulps that lift hair;
5. pulp, which collapses the ear shells;
7. superciliary arches in the skull;
8. wisdom teeth;
9. appendix - cecum;
10. at the corner of the eye - the third turn;
11. in the circulatory system - the median artery of Krizhova.
Atavism is proof of creaturely behavior. This is a change from the norm.
Atavism - the appearance of a sign of power over distant ancestors. These are the signs that were laid down by embryonic development but they didn’t know, but lost their entire life in the human genotype:
o a number of pairs of nipples - rich nipples;
o hairline - polymastia all over the body;
o cervical fistula – due to the lack of healing of the zebra fissure;
o showing ikol more strongly;
o good for apologizing for the hump at the little corner of the whoosh.
o Atavism that disrupts normal life:
o opening at the interseptal septum of the heart;
o the opening between the atria is the botal duct.
Prior to historical anatomical evidence, there remains: however, the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, visual and other organ systems in humans and mammary glands. Embryological evidence of human creation.
Embryology is the science that lives embryonic development organisms
At the early stages of development in the human embryo there are signs of the lower ridges:
ü cartilaginous skeleton - notochord;
ü winter arcs;
ü symmetrical position of the vessels towards the heart;
ü smooth surface of the brain.
Later, rices appear, characteristic of ssavts:
Ø thick hair growth on the body of the fetus;
Ø number of pairs of nipples;
Ø left-sided aortic arch;
Ø stable body temperature;
Ø The empty part of the body is divided by a diaphragm: into the thoracic and abdominal sections;
Ø mature erythrocytes;
Ø teeth are divided into two groups (milk and permanent) and divided into 3 groups;
the human skeleton does not have a gland, which would not have been present in the Saviors;
the inner ear has 3 auditory ossicles;
o A 6-month-old human fetus is covered with hair. Similarities of humans and human-like creatures
o The same expression of feelings of joy, anger, confusion.
o Mavpi gently nurtures the children.
o Mavpi swear about children, or punish them for disobedience.
o MAVP has a good memory.
o Mavpi created objects of nature in the simplest way.
o Mavpi loom specifically mislennya.
o Mawpi can walk on their hind ends, resting on their arms.
o On the fingers of a mawp, like a human, there are nigti, not pazuri.
o Mavp has 4 teeth and 8 back teeth - like a human.
o People have serious illnesses (influenza, HIV/AIDS, fever, cholera, typhus).
o In humans and human-like systems, all organ systems are similar.
o Biochemical evidence of the closeness of humans and animals:
o the level of DNA hybridization between humans and chimpanzees is 90-98%, between humans and gibbons - 76%, between humans and macaques - 66%;
o Cytological evidence of the closeness of the person to the MAP:
o humans have 46 chromosomes, chimpanzees and mavp have 48 each, and chimpanzees have 44;
o the chromosomes of the 5th pair of chimpanzee and human chromosomes have an inverted pericentric section
All listed facts tell about those that humans and human-like creatures look like a wild ancestor and allow us to designate the place of humans in the system of organic world. The person can be classified as a type of chords, a subtype of ridges, a class of savants, a person is reasonable in appearance.
The similarity between people and mawps is a proof of their sporidness, sleepiness of the journey, and the distinction is a legacy of different directions in the evolution of the mawp and ancestors of people, especially the labor force (harmoniously i) human activities. This is the leading factor in the process of transforming mawpi into people.
The greatest characteristic peculiarity people, yak vіdrіznyaє yogo of anthropomorphic mawp, є vykljuchno strong development of the great brain. In terms of body weight, humans occupy approximately the middle position between those of chimpanzees and chimpanzees. Data on the size of the brain in humans and other primates is given in Table. 11 in Fig. 13.9.
The great brain of a human being looks like the great brain of anthropomorphic mawp is no less great mass, but with other important features: the frontal part of the tim'yanі was more open, the number of other furrows was increased. Significant part of the measles in a person is tied with promo: “ruhovy center” promo, “hearing center”. There is a greater richness of interneuronal contacts. People have discovered new things - sound and written language, abstract art. Many anatomical features of humans are associated with upright walking and labor activity, which requires the replacement of rich organs. The spinal column of a person has characteristic ridges in the sagittal plane (lordosis and kyphosis), sternum It has a flattened shape, the pelvis expands, and the fragments of the veins are taken into the pressure internal organs(Fig. 13.10).
For a person, a more significant connection between the vertebral column and the pelvis is more significant, massive lower kіntsіvki: stegnova cyst - the most intense in the skeleton, it can be shown to weigh up to 1650 kg. Strongly separated and m'yazi of the lower kіntsіvok: sіdnіchnі, yakі zaspepechyuyut vіdvedennja that razginannya stegna, sіdnichny (pereskodzhaє prgnennya tuluba spread forward), litkovy m'yaz і p'yatkove tendon (Fig. 13. 11). The foot is a support organ that has a high skeletal structure in front of the flat foot.
People's first fingers are less flimsy. At the mavp, the upper pimples are attached to the hanging of the body at the venerable stand, and the trees are brachiated with trees. The first fingers of the brush and the feet are short (Fig. 13.12), the stench plays the role of a hook when moving on the knees. When the soil is over-drained, the long front ends play the role of additional support. In humans, the upper tips, which do not win the function of the support, are shortened, less massive (Fig. 13.13). For the Swedish free rulers, the overly large ends of the hands would be invisible.
A person has an increased penis frivolity, which gives the possibility of greater freedom to ruhiv and the security of variability. Significantly better than the first finger, its muscles are more differentiated.
Humans are characterized by a dominating development of the cerebellar cranium, the presence of sagittal and potylic ridges, to which the mavs are attached chewing m'yazi, a weaker development of the suprafossular relief (superciliary arches). The facial opening of the skull on the vіdmіnu vіd mavp less razvineniy (Fig. 13.14), which is due to the change in the massiveness of the chewing apparatus, the mass of the lower fissure in the vіdsotkakh by vіdnennia to the mass of the skull in the burner becomes close 4 5%, but in humans less than 15%.
The teeth are obviously small in size, standard sign people are the existence of the final form and their smaller size. Characteristically, the development of the selection, which is not to be avoided in life, is typical for the ancient ancestors of humans. The strengthening of the chin is associated with the reduction of the alveolar part, the straightening of the teeth and the peculiarities of the growth of the facial cysts. People have reduced hairline. It is intended to testify about the fundamental diversity of humans among creatures, including the species.
All modern primates are the ancestors of humans, and they have been strengthened since the ancient formation of ancestral forms in the third period. The common nature of people is wary of two tendencies; On the one hand, the misunderstood clear specifics of people and the reduction of their features to the extreme (vulgar biology), on the other hand, a more nihilistic approach to the biological basis of people, represented by them To other living organisms, having exposed them to the created light and nature, partly which it is . Dialectical materialism will provide the basis for the scientific meaning of the essence of man, which has a subordinate nature: biological and social
79. Paleontological data about the behavior of primates and humans. Parapithecus, Dryopithecus, Australopithecus, Archanthropus, Paleoanthropus, Neoanthropus. It is often confirmed that everyday humans are not similar to everyday human-like creatures, which are characterized by a high degree of specialization (attached to a long way of life in tropical forests), but rather to the extinct number of millions of people, which is due to this high organized creatures - Dryopithecus. The process of human evolution is very complex, the main stages of which are presented in the diagram.
Main stages of anthropogenesis (evolution of human ancestors)
According to the data of paleontological discoveries (discoveries), about 30 million years ago, ancient primates parapithecus appeared on Earth, living in open spaces and trees. Their gaps and teeth were similar to the gaps and teeth of humanoid creatures. Parapithecus gave buds to living hibons and orangutans, as well as the stems of Dryopithecus, which died out. The rest of their development was divided into three lines: one of them led to the current burning, the other to the chimpanzee, and the third to the Australopithecus, and finally to the human. The relationship between Dryopithecus and humans was established on the basis of the implantation of teeth and teeth discovered in 1856. in France.
The most important step in the process of transforming monster-like creatures into most recent people upright walking appeared. Due to climate change and forest conditions, there is a transition from a tree-based to a land-based way of life; To take a closer look at the place, people’s ancestors had a lot of enemies, they had to stand on their hind ends. Next, the natural selection expanded and secured the upright movement, and, as a result, the hands became involved in the function of support and transfer. This is how the Australopithecines came to be - the rank of hominids (the birthplace of humans).
Australopithecus
Australopithecus- Highly corrupted bipedal primates, who vikorized objects of natural movement as a matter of course (after all, Australopithecines cannot yet be taken into account by people). Kistkov's excesses of Australopithecines were first discovered in 1924. at Pivdenny Africa. They were as tall as chimpanzees and weighed about 50 kg, with a brain volume reaching 500 cm 3 - which means that australopithecines stand closer to humans, even from copalins and modern maws.
The shape of the pelvic bones and the shape of the head were similar to such people, which indicates a straightened shape of the body. They lived for about 9 million years ago on the wet steppes and ate wild vegetables and hedgehogs. Their items consisted of stones, brushes, clubs, and chips without traces of piecework.
Lyudina vmila
Without any slight specialization of the wild life, Australopithecines gave rise to a more progressive form, which gave rise to the name Homo habilis - the human being. Kistkov's surpluses were revealed in 1959. in Tanzania. Their values are approximately 2 million. Its height reached 150 cm. The volume of the cerebrum was 100 cm3 larger, lower in australopithecines, teeth of the human type, phalanges of the fingers like those of humans, flattened.
Although there were signs of both mavp and people, the transition from this point to the preparation of pebble shells (or crushed stone) to indicate the appearance of a new labor activity. They could catch creatures, throw stones, and engage in other activities. Buy a brush that can be found at the same time with the accumulated surpluses of the people of the world, to know that meat has become a permanent part of their diet. These hominids used rough stone implements.
Lyudina erecta
Homo erectus is a human who walks upright. the kind of person who respects and resembles a real person. Yogo century 1.5 million years. His gaps, teeth and brow ridges were still massive, but they formed the brain of some individuals who were just like a real person.
The hollows of Homo erectus were found in ovens that allow their life to be allowed to simmer continuously. Around the brushes of the creatures and a good amount of crushed stone shells, in some of the stoves it was found that there were wooden coals and burnt brushes, so, perhaps, at this time the Australopithecus had already begun to produce fire.
This stage of hominin evolution is avoided by the settlement of other cold regions by people from Africa. It was impossible to survive the cold winters without developing good behavior and technical skills. It is now assumed that the pre-human brain of Homo erectus will eventually find social and technical solutions (fire, clothing, a supply of gills and sleeping in ovens) to the problems associated with the need to survive in the winter cold chu.
In this way, all digging hominids, especially Australopithecines, are seen as predecessors of humans.
The evolution of the physical characteristics of early people, including modern humans, takes place in three stages: found people, or archanthropes; ancient people, or paleoanthropes; modern people, and neoanthropes.
Archanthropy
The first representative of the archanthropes - pithecanthropus(Japanese people) - mawpocholovik, upright. Yogo kistki was revealed on about. Java (Indonesia) in 1891. At the beginning of this century, it was estimated at almost 1 million roki, but, with a more accurate daily estimate, it was a little more than 400 thousand. Rokiv. The growth of Pithecanthropus was approximately 170 cm, the volume of the cranium was 900 cm 3.
Soon after I woke up Sinanthropus(Chinese people). Numerical surpluses were found from the period 1927 to 1963. at a stove near Beijing. This is the essence that vicorized the fire and prepared the stones for use. To this group of ancient people they bring another Heidelberg man.
Paleoanthropy
Paleoanthropy - Neanderthals they brought change to the archanthropes. 250-100 thousand. Unfortunately, the stench was widely distributed throughout Europe. Africa. Western and Western Asia. Neanderthals prepared a variety of stone tools: hand choppers, scrapers, gostrokintseviki; they sweltered with fire and rough clothes. The size of the brain is 1400 cm 3 .
The peculiarities of the lower crevices indicate that there was an embryonic mosaic in them. The Voni lived in groups of 50-100 individuals, and when the ice-makers approached, the stoves burned, killing their wild animals.
What is the place of people in the system of organic light? At this point, it would seem that a proof was given long ago, which is increasingly noticed and watched.
In short, we can say that the place of man is strictly defined in the classification of organic light. Vin is a representative of the kingdom of creatures. The table shows the key ranks in the hierarchy of the biological world:
There are many groups of evidence that humans are creatures and are like them.
What the hell do you think:
Pure anatomical evidence: similar tissue, growth of organs, rudiments and atavisms in humans.
Embryological evidence: in the middle of the womb at the cob stage of development, the baby is similar to the baby creatures. This is called Beer's law, and, in short, it postulates: the younger the embryo, the fewer specific features it has.
Physiological similarity (food, food, etc.) between humans and creatures.
Similar chromosomal apparatus.
And the physiological peculiarities of the human appearance, as I see, the place of man in the system of organic light among creatures:
Upright, skeletal foot, loosened muscles of the lower ends.
Budova ridge with 4 viginas.
Loose hands.
Obviously, there is a high level of organization of behavior.
Binocular view.
Fertility is limited: one female normally bears one litter.
All these species and physiological characteristics led people to a new stage of evolution.
Anthropogenesis (part of the evolution that led to the emergence of humans) emerged as hominids. Human marriage lost the right to be called that way and ceased to be a herd for about 50 thousand years, since the neoanthropes (Cro-Magnons) created new look Homo sapiens.
With the further development of people, social, economic and religious laws began to matter. Progress has begun to go beyond biological nature. To be a member of a marriage, you cannot behave like an animal and obey your instincts. The place and peculiarities of humans in the system of the organic world have become such that the very right to be called a biological species is in doubt.
And low-grade organisms (for example, elephants and dolphins), what do people see from them? The social structure of people’s lives is high: their creative function, knowledge, practice, knowledge, language. It is entirely possible to take the place of mankind in the system of organic light beyond the initial limits accessible to other creatures.
The place of man in the system of organic light and its biosocial nature can sometimes be said one by one. People don’t behave like creatures and have many fits:
These five points demonstrate the social nature of people.
Abstract thought is not powerful beyond human creation. Indeed, the place of man in the system of the daily organic world is unique. After low repetition of singing actions and their inheritances of many creatures (especially primates) demonstrate figuratively miscellaneous. They can remember the image, especially if they are hungry, and they need to know it. Otherwise, the next step, the abstract idea, is inaccessible to them. Identify and remember, learn and see the hidden sign of something that you can’t remember, that you can’t touch or smell, there’s no stench.
Accumulation of evidence, abstract ideas, cleverness comes out of in various situations, analyze and, based on this, make decisions and implement actions, size up, clarify concepts - the privileges of people.
This article does not have the ability to clearly understand the concepts of abstract thought, but rather to draw attention to how the interruption breeds among people one of their closest relatives - the mauson chimpanzee. The stench lies down to the hominid family. A typical experiment with them was carried out in his laboratory. I.P. Pavlova near Koltushi near St. Petersburg.
Chimpanzee Raphael Mav, to wash off, extinguish the fire that is burning in front of the hedgehog on the police ledge. It’s time to quickly learn how to cook a cup and water for this, which you put in the tank and other containers. Then on the lake, on two rafts, connected by a difficult crossing, they placed a hedgehog on one (as if they were behind a fire), and on the other a cup and a tank of water. The chimpanzee tried to make a quick crossing over and over again in order to scoop it into the tank, but ignored the entire lake of water. It became clear that we could not clarify this concept. Youmu water is tied to the image of a tank. For the sake of fairness, Rafael must be informed that if the water was collected from the tank, it should be drained, let it drain, and by scooping up water from the lake, extinguishing the fumes, removing the lasso.
The place of people in the system of organic light is the entire planet. People do not live strictly within the boundaries of the people’s place, but adapt the environment to suit their needs. And never forget to make your sleep as comfortable as possible. Ale people її to recreate. This is the simplest creation that serves as a solution to basic needs, but which resulted from a conscious choice of life in an unusual environment. People literally go against biological selection. Don’t look for the easiest areas, but stick to even the most unusual ones.
And creative creativity. It’s important to lose a trace in history, to sink into the world for the rest of your life, and not just to catch your breath.
Another sign of an abstract human being is the language. The truth is its ability. If some natural phenomena need a concrete (and, before speech, abstract) understanding, the word has no semantic meaning. It is not directly related to this, as it is what the sensory organs perceive at a particular time here and at the same time. The image that a person's skin forms about objects, of course, carries in itself information about vagina, temperature and other associations. Let me help you describe with words the unknown objects that you can’t touch with your hands. Their favorite applications are love and mathematical terms. How to describe this concept?
This is not a nutritional problem. The evidence of creaturely nature and human behavior has been examined. As biology confirms, the place of man in the system of organic light. There are anthropological officials who will continue to explain how physiological characteristics as a result could influence the formation of a high-grade individual and human life. There are too many low social factors that put people on a different level. How can we talk about the heel of the kingdom of organic light? Or should we continue with the theories on the topic: the stars of our people? Is the soul separated from the body by matter or by physiological processes that have fluidity or are deprived of chemistry?
To reconcile differences, it is customary to talk about the biosocial nature of people.
The school curriculum has not yet reached a strong focus on evolution. Readers of biology and zoology have repeatedly correctly emphasized that Darwin simply put forth a theory. She's popular, but not backed by unfounded evidence. However, you will be deprived of plenty of nutrition, many problems and arguments against it.
Although the main postulates of this theory are an obligatory part of the school program, and it is necessary to know them in order to be an enlightened person with a wide view. What can we say about the theory of similarity of species, besides the fact that the social nature of people is clearly expressed, and their mentality is unique?
As Darwin himself confirmed, his followers confirmed: the idea of evolution was sweeping the wind at that hour. The genius of the famous naturalist, the author of “The Similarity of Species”, who formulated how from small things through billions of fates comes great. Sees not the strongest, but the greatest pressure until permanent changes dovkilla. This is a short formulation of natural selection.
Opponents of Darwinism are brutalized to the point of imminent complexity. Many organisms could not, in the process of evolution, step by step formulate (as a result of mutations) the experiences that were present at this stage of development and were always seen in the middle of life, otherwise they seemed to have passed into nature bir.
Another main argument against the theory of evolution is the informational complexity of chromosomes and, as a result, DNA molecules. Such arrangements and the long run could not be taken away suddenly for billions of billions of fates. Moreover, with the great growth of the Earth and the discovery of copals dating from different periods, a sufficient number of lanes, transitional forms of life, which the theory of evolution conveys to great love between different species.
Nutritional activity is closely connected with the place of man in the system of organic light and its role. Perhaps, the very social structure of people’s lives is primordial. Vaughn imposes on humanity a resemblance to the entire biosphere. The role and place of man in the system of organic light is given to him for a reason - in order to protect and wisely manage the planet, regardless of whether people are part of the ecosystem, whether they are simply similar to other biological organisms or not More likeness and metamorphosis.
