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Karamzin’s incredibly sincere and emotional work does not deprive anyone of his feelings - in the story, the author described the typical feelings of crazy people, christening the picture from the very inception to the decline of feelings of one of them.
The philosophical subtext and psychological basis of making this story similar to the legend is a sum of evidence, based on real ideas.
Karamzin's story is not supported by the present list of heroes. There are more than five of them:
The image of Liza in the finest traditions of sentimentalism is a sweet and generous girl, tender and flowing: “pure. a joyful soul shone in her eyes.”
The girl looks like an angel - she’s so innocent and good-natured: “ beautiful at heart and with the body.” It seems that she grew up in a different world, and was even able, despite all the complexities of marriage of that era, to preserve goodness and humanity.
At 15 years of age, Liza was left without a father. Life with my mother was important financially, but easy in the psychological aspect - good-natured, trusting relationships developed between my mother and daughter. Mother, being a pitiful woman, constantly worries about her beloved daughter, like all fathers, she wishes for her greatest share. The woman could not cope with the loss of her daughter - the news about Lizya’s death became fatal for her.
Erast is a nobleman for his wife. The people are reasonable and enlightened. What kind of life is typical for a young man of this century - parties, balls, card games, theater, if not to bring you any particular joy - all the troubles have come up for you. Getting to know Liza significantly changes him, and instead of boredom, he develops an expectation of the attributes of social life.
Liza’s harmonious life allowed him to look at other aspects of his life: “having thought about the disrespectful chivalry that he had previously imbibed.”
The image of Erast does not spare positive qualities - he is a gentle and kind person, the young man’s pro-hisistic dissatisfaction did not allow him to become as harmonious as Liza.
It is worthwhile to get to know what came from the pen of the classic author M. Karamzin.
The image of Annushka in the story is fragmentary - we become closer to this character at the end of the work: having learned about Erast’s fun, Liza realizes that she cannot come to terms with this and does not accept her life without value. neither - the option of ending life by self-destruction seems to be one of the most pleasant. At this hour, Liza notes Gannus, the daughter’s daughter, and gives her instructions to give the money to her mother. After this, Liza rushes at the bets.
Karamzin’s story has been repeatedly called a breakthrough of its time, a motif so typical for European literature was first transferred to the level of Russian culture, which was an innovation. The public's particular interest in the work also arose from the promotion of the new directly - sentimentalism.
Literary critics and researchers highly appreciated Karamzin’s story and noted that the author managed to create a “living” action before the reader - the story was completely realistic, reducing the artificial emotions and images.
Russian teaching, professor-philologist V.V. Sipovsky respected that Karamzin was the “Russian” Gete - whose living word has hidden a lot of literature.
Karamzin, for the most part, has given his readers a silver lining, having shown that human life, in fact, as the author guesses, will never be filled with an idyll, and can sometimes be filled with fatality and tragedy: “The Russian public, as it rang In the old novels, until the end of the day, there seemed to be a lot of fun, because they believed that honesty is always rewarded, and vice is punished, and for the first time in this story they came together with the bitter truth of life.”
A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, analyzing the significance of “Bad Lise”, emphasizing respect for the European basis, both in terms of plot and in terms of sentimentalism, while not yet expanding across the territory ї Russia, but also widely in Europe. “Everyone sank to the point of obscurity” - this is the assessment of the influx of wine to the public that the creator gives, and he also completely ironically respects that after the release of “Badnaya Liza” everyone began to “drown in kaluzha.”
G. A. Gukovsky also speaks about this effect, with respect, that after reading “Poor Liza,” a flood of young people began to appear at the Simonov Monastery and admire the smooth surface of the lake, in which, according to Karamzin’s idea, the girl drowned.
In my opinion, nature has its own special function - it reads with lyrical efficiency. Blessed Liza is not so much a good village woman as she is an ideal opera heroine, and her complex story is liable not to overwhelm, but rather to create a lyrical mood.”
V.M. It is strongly confirmed that “Poor Lisa” has become a significant work in Russian literature, and in the work of Karamzin – this work itself has “breakthrough” the era, both in the creativity of the literary figure, and in historical development literature zagalom.
“Poor Liza” is the very root from which the tree of Russian classical prose has grown, whose laborious crown sometimes comes to Stovbur and conveys reflections on the historically recent developments of the very phenomenon of Russian poetry. literature of the New Hour".
I love those objects that poke my heart and make me shed tears of tender sorrow!
The skin of a person is, in another way, sentimental. Some people show their sentimentalism with early century Others will be known in almost an hour, having acquired sufficient living proof.
The particular emotions that arise in a person during contact with objects of material and spiritual culture help create the effect of catharsis - emotional excitement.
Village women love to rip!
Until the last moment, it was appreciated that the villagers were not similar in emotional and mental terms to the aristocrats. The essence of this affirmation lay not in the lack of illumination of the villagers, but in the distortion that the villagers, due to the obviousness of illumination, could not become similar to the spiritual development of representatives of the aristocracy - they had uncharacteristically high manifestations of feelings, which is actually in It was believed, based on this theory, that the villagers including instincts, which are characterized by more than simple emotions. Karamzin showed what is wrong. Kripaks can reveal different feelings and emotions, and theories about those that are located a few steps lower in their development - this is concern.
Better be proud of your efforts and don’t take anything for nothing.
This phrase reflects the moral principles of an honest person - if you have not earned the right to sing, you have no right to claim it.
Old people can be suspicious
Through their age and life, old people try to save the mercy of young people from their youth. Since young people are often in no hurry to share their problems and problems with older generations, the only way to find out about a possible problem is to analyze the behavior of an individual, and for this purpose show caution.
How good everything is with the Lord God! It is necessary for the King of Heaven to really love the people, if she has tidied up the place here so kindly for the new one.
In the world of nature, everything is harmonious and aesthetic. A person with a sensitive soul cannot help but notice and be kind to these subtle things. In the spring and the influx of the beauty of nature is felt especially brightly - nature, which had slept for the winter, turns to life and delights with its beauty in the extra light. Those things that have the potential to capture all this beauty cannot be unloved by God, otherwise they would not try to create such a beautiful and harmonious light.
The crowning glory of all things is the most secure, tranquil love.
Between those who have died from the beginning, the passion of love is born, prote, in that time, when the bonds between people develop too quickly and the effect of permissiveness, the passion quickly goes out - if everything is achieved, then the thirsty quiet corner in the soul of a person is not lost, Where would you like to penetrate dream or fantasy - there is no drive for death, if in this type of life you do not go to another level (for example, a friend), then you experience extinguished emotions and addictions in relation to the subject of your addiction and hoarding.
Death for Fatherlandism is not scary
A person is inconceivable without his “roots”, so even so, every individual is obliged to recognize for himself not only partly matrimony, but also partly power. The prosperity and problems of the state may be perceived by everyone as the problems of the powerful family, so death for the sake of one’s state is not inglorious.
1. How many deaths did Liza have to endure since her father died?
A) 19
B) 15
AT 10
2. Why, after the death of my father, did my family begin to live in poverty?
a) could not pay rent for the land
B) the farmers did not farm the land so kindly and the crop yield decreased
C) the pennies were spent on the treatment of sister Lizy
3. At what price did Liza sell the convalia?
A) 5 copies
B) 5 rubles
B) 13 copies
4. Why didn’t Liza sell the tickets for 1 karbovanets?
A) It was too cheap
B) her conscience did not allow her
B) Ruble buv zipsovany
5. Why do Liza and Erast squeal at night?
A) Erast studies all day
B) They can be washed
C) Their teeth may become the cause of welding called Erast
6. Why was Liza angry at the same hour as her nightly encounters with Erast?
A) Vona was afraid that she would attack her as if she were an evildoer.
B) Liza was always afraid of thunderstorms.
C) The thunderstorm was very strong and the girl was afraid that her mother would throw up and discover that Liza was not at home.
7. Why didn’t Erast feel inspired to go to war?
a) bulo superechiti nakaza
B) Liza has become ohid
C) everyone would laugh at him and respect him with fear
8. Why is Erast not afraid of dying in war?
A) You have an unknown fear
B) death for the Batkivshchyna is not terrible
C) I have been dreaming about death for a long time
9. Why did Erast punish Liza to forget him?
A) you got a girl
B) afraid that everyone will laugh at him, having found out about her fight with Liza
C) if he made a promise and had a hundred years with Liza, he could have harmed his whore.
10. What did Liza earn from the money that Erast gave?
A) turned back Erast
B) gave the foal to stand in front of the church
B) gave up to the sister’s daughter, so that she would hand them over to Lizin’s mother.
11. How did Lizy’s mother deal with her death?
A) Killed Erast
B) Drowned in grief
C) The novelty for her was so loud that she immediately died
12. What do the villagers think, when they feel the wind curling at the little house, where did Liza live with her mother?
A) Lizi’s soul is crying
B) Volotsyugi climbed into the night until the daytime
B) Tse Erast comes to scold about wasted happiness.
B 2.b 3.a 4. b5.b 6.a 7.c 8.b 9.c 10.c. 11. O 12
Thus, it is important to reassess the significance of Karamzin’s story on the process of development of literature and culture. The images of these characters are actually endowed with typical qualities, a reflection of their inner world and jaskravy opis Almost all the characters create a picture of realism and uniqueness.
The story “Poor Lisa,” which became a glimpse into sentimental prose, was published by Mikola Mikhailovich Karamzin in 1792 in the Moscow Journal. Varto considers Karamzin as an honored reformer of the Russian language and one of the most highly enlightened Russians of his time - this is an important aspect that allows us to further evaluate the success of the story. First of all, the development of Russian literature is not of a “stimulating” nature, since it has remained behind European literature by about 90-100 years. At that time, just as they were writing and reading sentimental novels, in Russia they were writing incredible classical odes and dramas. Karamzin’s progressiveness as a writer lay in “bringing” sentimental genres from Europe to the Fatherland and cultivating a style and language for the further writing of such works.
In another way, the adoption of literature by the end of the 18th century by the public was such that they first wrote for marriage as a way to live, and then marriage began to live for writing. So before the sentimental story, people read mainly hagiography and church literature, where there were no living characters, no living language, and the heroes of the sentimental story - such as Liza - gave the secular ladies the same scenario of life, the traveler is feeling.
Karamzin brought a story about poor Liza from his numerous trips - from 1789 to 1790, visiting Germany, England, France, Switzerland (Fatherly sentimentalism is respected by England itself iya), and after turning around, published a new revolutionary story in a high-profile magazine.
“Poor Lisa” is not an original novel, parts of its plot were adapted by Karamzin for the Russian region, taken from European literature. There is no talk about a specific story or plagiarism - there were no such European stories. In addition, the author created an atmosphere of extraordinary relevance, depicting himself as one of the heroes of the story and masterfully describing the situation.
Apparently, up to the guesses of the day-trippers, never after returning from the road, the writer is alive at the dacha near the Simonov Monastery, in a calm place. The situation described by the author is real - readers recognized both the outskirts of the monastery and the “stakes”, and this felt that the plot was perceived as reliable, and the heroes were people who really lived.
The plot of the story is love and, according to the author, very simple. The peasant girl Liza (her father was a possible villager, and after his death the rule in the West and the girl had to earn money by selling handicrafts and kvitivs) is alive in the lap of nature with her old mother. In a place that seems grand and alien, she meets the young nobleman Erast. Young people are in trouble - Erast because of boredom, inspired by satisfaction with the noble way of life, and Liza - first, with all the simplicity, stickiness and naturalness of the “natural people”. Erast admires the girl’s trustworthiness and admires her, after which, naturally, he begins to become burdened with the girl’s matrimony. The nobleman goes to war and loses his entire camp to the map. The way out of this situation is to become friends with a rich widow. Lisa finds out about this and ends her life with self-destruction, throwing herself at the stakes, not far from the Simonov Monastery. The author, who shared this story, cannot remember poor Liza without holy tears.
Karamzin, first from Russian writers, unleashed a conflict and the death of the heroine - fragments that led to everything that happened in reality.
Of course, regardless of the progressiveness of Karamzin’s story, his heroes are clearly differentiated from ordinary people, they are idealized and embellished. Villagers are particularly concerned - Liza does not look like a villager. It’s unlikely that the important lady would have accepted that she had lost her “sensitive and kind” spirit, it’s unlikely that she would conduct internal dialogues with herself in a sophisticated way, and she would hardly be able to support Rozmova with the nobleman. Tim is no less, but the first theme of the story is “and the village women love to drink.”
The central character of the story, Liza, is infused with sensitivity, tartness and ardor. This intelligence, kindness and tenderness, says the author, are like nature. Having grown up with Erast, she begins to dream not about those who, like a handsome prince, brought them to his world, but about those who would be a simple villager or shepherd - who would equate them, and would allow them to be together.
The age is growing in Lizy not only because of his social sign, but also because of his character. It is possible, every author, that he described it lightly - he knows a typical way of life for an officer and a nobleman - he looks pleased and, having known them, is chilled to life. Age and reasonable, and kind, but weak, unprofessional - such a hero is also at the forefront of Russian literature, the type of “disappointed aristocrat.” From the very beginning, Erast is broad in his love life - it’s not wrong if you talk to Liza about love, and it turns out that he’s also a victim of circumstances. It does not ignore the experience of love, does not accept the situation “in a human way,” but recognizes the wide torment of what happened. Even though he himself told the author the story about poor Liza and took him to Liza’s grave.
Erast has indicated the appearance in Russian literature of low heroes of the type of “curious people” - weak and unskilled in key decisions.
Karamzin vikorista “Names, what to say.” In the case of Liza, the choice of name appeared “with a folded bottom.” On the right classic literature conveyed by typification techniques, and the name Liza does not mean much for an empty, flirtatious, unimportant character. So I could have been the mother of a little restroom - a cunning character in a comedy, skilled in love affairs, and by no means innocent. Having chosen such a name for his heroine, Karamzin destroyed the classic typification and created a new one. We have discovered a new understanding between the characters, the character and the actions of the hero and the path to psychology in literature.
I'm Erast is also not chosen in a unique way. Vono means “charming” in Greek. This fatality, the need for novelty, lured the enemy and spoiled the unfortunate girl. Ale Erast, let’s continue to reward ourselves until the end of our lives.
Constantly guessing the reader about his reaction to those that are expected (“I’ll guess…”, “I’m sorry to see you in my face, reader...”), the author organizes the information in such a way that it evokes lyricism and sensitivity.
"Matusya! Matinka! What's the matter? Here you go, and among the villagers...". Lisa.
“Nature calls me in its fullness, to its pure joys,” he thought and decided - at any time - to deprive himself of the great light..
“I can’t live,” thought Liza, “I can’t!.. Oh, as if the sky had fallen on me! As if the earth had fallen into misery!.. No! the sky is not falling; the earth is not falling! Woe to me.” Lisa.
“Now, perhaps, the stinks have already reconciled!” Author
Karamzin’s story revolves around several topics:
The main conflict is social, and even through the gap between wealth and poverty, the struggle of the heroes, and then the heroine. The author presents sensitivity as I see the value of people, strengthens the cult of feelings in opposition to the cult of reason.
Liza and Erast are represented in Karamzin’s story “Poor Liza” as two worlds: the lives of the holy rich aristocrats and the unpredictable everyday life of the working peasants. Karamzin unequivocally compares the heroes to each other. Liza, poor villager, has been given and given love; The author's assessment is given to the people of the village and mother Liza, who mourns the death of a man day and night (“Even the villagers love to sleep!”).
If Liza gave all of herself to Erast, not suspecting anything, her soul was so pure and immaculate, innocent! - Who do I call the one who has what happened? Less for yourself. Vona calls herself a villain. And who is the bigger one among them? Erast, the fragments for a new similar video with women were not new, and even without realizing anything. We have a lot to say about Liza’s reputation: even at that time, such hundred-days were bad for a girl.
After this fatal closeness, everything changed: Liza lived and breathed, “listened to his will,” and Erast began to come to church service more often, and once “for five days at a time she didn’t see him and was at his place.” I am more concerned." Erast is no longer afraid to spend Liza’s money, hoping that Liza will always pay attention to the new one. Wasn’t Erast only five days a day during those days when he was preparing to go to war? Well, Liza is now sitting in the most important place in life? The friends accept her well, but will find other satisfactions. Erast to act unkindly, falsely, to paint, pretend to be nicer, nobler, less true.
Getting ready for war, when separated from Liza, talk about those who cannot help but go, which will be the greatest dishonor for anyone, talk about honor, about serving the Fatherland. But in fact, “instead of fighting the enemy, you will engrave the card and lose all your cards.” І axis of the aristocrat's appearance: among the kohanna - fearless and contemplative, of the Fatherland - hopeless and unreliable. Hello, Liza shook her head! Indeed, there is a lot of good in Erast, the author himself speaks about him: “a rich nobleman, with a strong mind and a kind heart, kind by nature, but weak and flighty.” What is the reason for the weakness and fragility of your character?
Let's take a look at the heroes' way of life. What kind of minds do we live for, what do we do? About Liza we read from the beginning of the story: “I worked day and night,” stood in marriage to my mother, tried to comfort her in grief, “for a calm mother, I tried to hide the troubles of my heart and rest in peace.” she’s cheerful,” she was afraid to embarrass her, criticize her, tell her I spent an hour with Erast thinking about my mother. And Erast “forever Russians lived, thinking only about their own contentment, enjoying worldly amusements... being bored and squealing at their lot.” Both in her life and in her way of living, Liza and Erast are absolutely different people. What is its main priority?
Karamzin brings the reader to this point: the stink belongs to different countries, but their moral values are the same. Let’s think about the food: why did Erast deprive Liza? Is it possible to “live inseparably with her, in a village and in dense forests, like in paradise”? Having already engraved the cards into the cards, Erast did not die of hunger, and in addition to the card, he may have lost another wealth. What is the meaning of life for Erast? In pennies. For the new one, the stench is overwhelming. And in Karamzin’s story, the theme of pennies runs through the entire plot. The acquaintance of Liza and Erast began with the fact that Liza was selling a bouquet of flowers, and Erast, eager to establish an acquaintance with the pretty girl, wished to buy convalia from her, promoting instead of five copies of the ruble.
Worth only pennies, he cares to give the poor girl the reception he deserves. Z cikh sponukan Erast decided to pay ten times more for Liza’s robot, nizh
she was kosting. For pennies he gambles in the army. For the sake of pennies, he makes friends without spending money on a rich widow during the summer. And in the episode of the remaining separation from Liza, he gives her a hundred carbovants, putting them in the gut, they bribe from her for the sake of their well-being, for the sake of their mother’s ability, a lot of pennies.
He traded his food for pennies. I sold it to myself for pennies. And how can Liza bet on pennies? Just as for Erast pennies are a source of satisfaction and excitement, then for Lizya the stink is a source of satisfaction, but not an end in itself. Vona firmly mastered her mother’s lessons, as she said: “... better be good at what you do and don’t take anything for nothing.” How much wickedness and nobility these simple people, crushed by evil, have not ruined the pride of poor people!
What is the meaning of life for Lizya? The sense of life is love, self-surrender. Before the fight with Erast, there is love for the mother, passion for her, then reckless love for the “dear friend.” Liza never trades food for pennies. To confirm the girl’s daughter’s daughters, when she tells buyers that they are unsellable, they believe that a handsome gentleman will come for them again, and at the end of the day, without having realized it, Erast throws them at the river with the words: “No one has Volodymyr with you! » Even if she could get pennies for them, as they were so needed by her sick mother. For Liza, kviti is a symbol of kohanna, and her acquaintance with Erast began from the bouquet of convalia.
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The story “Poor Lisa” is the greatest work of N. M. Karamzin and one of the most thorough images of Russian sentimental literature. She has a lot of miraculous episodes that describe subtle emotional experiences. Creation has beautiful...
M. M. Karamzin’s story “Poor Lisa” was one of the first sentimental works of Russian literature of the 18th century. The plot is very simple - weak-willed, and the good nobleman Erast wants to fall in love with the poor village girl Liza. This mess will end...
Liza is a poor village girl. She lives with her mother (“a sensitive, kind old lady”) near the village. In order to earn money for bread, Liza will take on any job. In Moscow, selling her apartments, the heroine meets the young nobleman Erast and falls in love.
Erast was a rich young nobleman, weary and tired of life. In the midst of bad inclinations and in the world of strength, you have to be honest; Let us accept the wisdom of what to work broadly, and what not. You can say that wealth was important to him, because...
Sentimentalism is one of the most significant literary trends of the 18th century in Russia, the most colorful representative of which was N.M. Karamzin. Writers - sentimentalists showed interest in depicting extreme people and extreme human feelings. By...
“On the road to Little Russia” (1803) and “On the road to Little Russia” (1804) written by P.I. Shalikov, who takes the sentimental style of the video to the extreme. Vin is ahead of the readers: “This journey has neither statistical nor geographical descriptions:...
Karamzin’s story “Poor Liza” is one of the greatest household creations era of romanticism. The tragedy of the revelation will not deprive any reader of any century, and the relevance of those is obvious even today. The central character of the work is Erast - the bearer of all troubles, and the inspiration of the author’s thoughts.
Erast is a representative of the typical young nobility. There are tales of romance and love, tales of illusion and hope for the future. It seems to me that it is possible to sing against one’s family and friends for the sake of one’s khan if one has built up a legacy of tired traditions. However, in reality he appears to be very weak, but he admits to himself that he is collapsing under the pressure of the first difficulties of life. It is impossible to overestimate the role of Erast in the plot, since its very character, its internal risks determine the plot and make any other ending impossible.
The main goals of the hero are very emotional, the author does not portray him as either an easy-to-please or an unprincipled person. The negative aspects of Erast can be traced to his lightness and worthlessness that defines the word. The author also sharply condemns his self-deception: when going to war, he really admits his coldness towards the girl, but here he does not show it to himself, and only plays cards and gets excited with his friends. Erast lacks the willpower to cope with life’s difficulties and chooses the simplest route: instead of working hard, he simply makes friends with a rich widow, without thinking about the inheritance for others. Another sharply negative bitterness of Erast is his reconciliation with the fact that pennies can help the wounded heart of a girl.
However, who has positive symptoms? In front of us, this is your generosity. He truly loved Liza, although he could not admit to his cold, power-loving passion. It is easy to believe that the stench in two can weaken social membranes and all difficult inequalities. Give Lisa pennies, but also avoid transfers, which can lead to profit. If there is evil in your actions, there is virtually no possibility of deception. It is impossible to characterize Erast as anything other than a negative character. About those whose positive thoughts, whose conscience and whose spirit speak “alive” and the finale: until the end of life we suffer through those evils to which we have become guilty. Such a psychological portrait is complex and richly nuanced, and in fact signifies the entire plot. In general, the author himself characterizes the character as a good hero, but not subject to old orders and noble life.
In Karamzin’s work, Erast is embodied in two important themes, laid down by the author in the plot itself and his use of substitutions. We see through the actions of the romantic hero the contradiction between natural instincts and man-made laws, including social ones. Almost all of the creations from these prototypes are growing, and some of them are a demonstration of what most often defies the laws of man, and not the laws of nature. Above Erast, there is a mountain of financial well-being and social knowledge, the natural pores of the powerful soul that you have to put on another plane. The result is deep mental suffering that resembles the unnaturalness of such struggles between people.
What is important is that through the image of Erast Karamzin determines the position of power to similar representatives of the nobility. On the one hand, he condemns them morally, blames them for pangs of conscience, and does not allow them to calmly come to terms with their weaknesses. On the other hand, aesthetically, the author makes the hero truthful, showing that he is not the culprit of the circumstances that have developed, but rather their guardian. This position was emphasized not only by literary scholars, but also by scholars of literature. Immediately after the publication of the story, Erast became extremely popular among people in the future.
The role of Erast is very important in the history of Russian romanticism. Vin became the first central character, who infused into himself the image of the so-called conquests of people". Since similar characters appeared in most authors, Karmazin is directly credited as the founder of such characters.
