Mystery at rocky
Great Hamburg
war
At the Rock of the Great The Great Patriotic War not weak
interest and until further action. Artisty
dramatic and musical theaters, philharmonic societies
and concert groups made their contribution at the bedroom on the right
fight the enemy. Great popularity
front-line theaters and concert halls competed
brigades. Resigning their lives, and people with their own
they brought to light the beauty of mysticism
alive, it is impossible to kill her. Among the front-line soldiers
artists performed and the mother of one of our
vikladachiv. We are making some guesses about you
unforgettable concerts.
Zinkovich V.V. Bouquet in a green cupola. 1943
In suvori military fates, it was important not only to supply the front with food, but also to support the high fighting spirit of the military. Psychological and ideological support - an effort to overcome the victory, and in this chimal the role was played by the mysticism. At that time, the leather is important straight away: painting, cinematography, literature, music - all this contributed to its contribution to the hem of the power of the guards.
Artists, performers and musicians went to the front, signed up for militias and partisan camps, sacrificed their lives on the battlefields, and never forgot about their creativity. At this very hour there was a very important patriotic topic:
In the evacuation, far from the darkness of the front, many people's instincts were directed towards helping the fighters. At this time, painting has a special significance for the poster. The lamentable painting itself lifted the spirit, helping to courageously close the gates and calling out to the heels of difficulties. The poster “Batkivshchina - Mother's Cry”, known to everyone, belongs to Irakli Toidze. He also became the author of low masterpieces of poster painting.
Literature was inextricably bound up with the front. Many writers and poets took part in battles, and others who, having been in evacuation, gave all the power of their pen to the fight for victory. The songs were broadcast on the radio, they were seen in the collections. Versh Simonova “Wait for me” became the expression of the thoughts of the rich fighters who were dreaming about returning home.
Military mysticism represents a special layer in Russian culture, and even then all the creative energy of people was aligned with common goals - to help the front, raise the fighting spirit of the peasant soldiers and protect my native land like fireplaces.
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The Great German War became a great experience for the people of our land. From the first days of our heroic struggle against the fascist prisons, our artists have devoted their creativity to the battle against the enemy. Many of them marched together with the army from Brest to Moscow and the banks of the Volga and back from Moscow to Berlin, Prague, Belgrade. The activity of Radian artists was active, and together with all the people they began to defend the Great Patriotic War: trips to the front, participation in front-line newspapers, editorial offices, participation in exhibitions of anti-war directness.Slide 3
Agitation-mass mysticism. Poster At the beginning of the Great White War, propaganda and mass mysticism, posters, caricatures and graphics emerged, which contributed to the great expansion on the fronts and in the homeland. Kukriniksi Poster dedicated to the German attack on the USSR. 24 chervenya 1941 rub.
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Front-line drawings. In the most important areas of the Second World War, there were Radyan artists who produced posters, designed leaflets and front-line newspapers, and produced a large number of paintings. Everything today acquires great mystical, cultural, and historical value. The artists respectfully admired the important everyday life at the front, at home, in the partisan forests, noting the modest, unnoticeable feat of vibrancy, vitality, humanity Pakhomov A. “On the Neva for Water”
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Hero of the battles for Berlin Traidukov. Klimashin. V. S. 1945 “Tender hands” Klimashin. V.S.
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Shcherbakov B. Portrait of Lieutenant Z. M. Tanyushin. 1943 Lukomsky A. Guard Major Morozov. 1943
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Pimenov Y. “Bi bars” 1942 Pimenov Y. “Knocked down fascist plane. Pivnichno-Western Front. 1943
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Monumental works Regardless of the importance of the war, exhibition activity continued to actively develop during this time. During the course of the war, many art exhibitions were held, at which art exhibits presented their paintings, sketches, and miniatures. The robots witnessed the mittsiv’s efforts to put their creativity at the service of the Fatherland’s defense. There are a lot of creative works that have been made at the rocks of the VVV in honor of the history of the Radian mysticism. Inspired by A. Deineka’s savory Moscow landscape “Moscow Outskirts. Leaf fall of 1941 rock": in everyday life with empty glass windows, mutes caught in an alarming state, in the fierce, prickly rhythm of anti-tank exhortations, in vantageurs rushing along the empty streets, the atmosphere of the front-line city is amazingly accurately conveyed This is how it was prepared before zakhist before zakhist before zakhist. Deineka’s canvas “Defense of Sevastopol” (1942) is considered to be an inspiration for the heroism of the Radyan Army during the Great Patriotic War: the plot episode of one place conveys the scale of the battles and the spirit of the Radyan people, the manifestations of the struggle with the fascists.
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“Mother of the Partisan” (1943) Gerasimova S. It is possible to bring Radyansky’s painting to its greatest creativity. The artist, in a pathetic way, showed to everyone the greatness and spiritual beauty of the Russian wife-mother, who determined with all her worth her superiority over the fascist officer, who tries to steal her recognition and reveals her powerlessness And I’m crazy with anger in front of a simple village woman, which the whole peasant people are filled with. Gerasimov has reached this picture extremely high level artistic mastery. The Suvorian coloring and the entire compositional structure of the painting miraculously express the heroism of the Radyan people. In the painting by A. Plastov “Fascist of the Flight” (1942) with great power There was a feeling of intense loyalty to the Fatherland, boundless love to the nature of people, hatred to the enemy and war. The theme of war and death sounds with a sharp dissonance to a peaceful, soft nature.
EDUCATIONAL MYSTICITY During the hour of the Great White War, the culture of the SRSR was urgently needed to attract a patriotic feeling in the hearts of the people. The instrument of contraction is RADIANSKY PROPAGITATION POSTER. For their tasks, cry and their creators burst into obedience. The posters did not deprive the ordinary soldier, nor the soldier, nor the decision of the population of the region. Kozhen was working for the benefit of a great victory.
M.VATOLINA AND M.DENISOV “DON’T TALK!” From the first days of the war, the topic of sawing has become increasingly prominent. In the early 1941, M. Vatolina and M. Denisov created the poster “Don’t talk!”, which, due to the laconicism of the image, faded away, becoming the pinnacle of propaganda of current topics and surviving the hour of its creation for many decades. The basis for the poster was the verses of S. Marshak, placed on the arches: “Be on the alert, these days you can hear the walls. Not far from the balakanin and the tiles to the south.” Then we will help you folklore began to fade out: “Chatterbox is a treasure for a spy!” Before the intimidation of the enemy spies and saboteurs, all local and rural bastards were captured. Leningrad artist A. Pakhomov made the heroes of the poster the pioneers who are vigorously defending their native land from enemies (Boys, take over the Batkivshchyna! Whip the enemies, inform the grown-ups!)
D. SHMARINOV “Avenge” From the poster of the artist D. Shmarinov “Avenge” one can marvel at the woman’s gaze. There stands on the ashes of the dark smoldering fire, the untouched one is terrible in her grief. On her drooping arms is the body of a brutally beaten girl. In the wide-open, tears-filled eyes of the mother, there is no lack of suffering, but there is a way to take revenge!
V. KORETSKY “Warrior of the RED ARMY, ROLL!” The poster of the artist V. Koretsky “Warrior of the Red Army, scream!” appeared extremely widely during the war. Numerous repetitions on plywood boards along front-line roads, on the walls of booths, on postal leaflets, this poster became a symbol and an oath, awakening in the hearts of fighters the ardor of defeating the enemy, robbing troops and children in torment and death. wait. її lad. A hair has come out under the white bush, the eyebrows are furrowed in hatred and pain, the curls of the lips are sadly lowered. The child, in fear, looked up to her mother. Livoruch navskis to the center, right in the heart of the mother of directions, the Hitlerite soldier will be killed. Good details. Raise your fist at the child's heart for the hustka. The figures of the mother and son are shown in a chest-to-chest image, so that the sky is visible from the darkness in the uncertain light of the fire, which is flickering. The ruthless fascist bagnet, soaked in blood, and the young mother, ready to cover her son with her body, were celebrating an unforgettable hostility. Nevypadkovo, the artist Koretsky, removed from unknown front-line soldiers hundreds of collected sheets, from which soldiers swore an oath to drive out the enemy from the Radyan land, to liberate their people from fascist captivity. Koretsky, in his work, masterfully exploited the possibilities of photography in order to give the image the character of reliable authenticity. You were able to admire naturalism, exquisite detail, and rich photomontages. The laconicism, the sophistication of the selection of expressive features, the rich black-and-red color scheme, the great power of the emotional influx made this poster a significant creation of Radyansky figurative art, which do not resemble the same middle of wartime posters.
FATHER'S MOTHER COMMANDMENT Fatherland's Mother's Cry A middle-aged woman with a distinguished appearance holds the text of the military oath against her outstretched right hand, her left hand is raised up in a summons. Their unforgettable denunciation is with fiercely clenched lips, from the point of view of burning, point-blank, ferocious to the point of view. The lightly scattered lilac hair, the eyebrows tucked into a frown, the hustka that flutters in the wind, create a mood of anxiety and clearly indicate the main idea of the poster Fatherland Motherland, the name of its blue ones Conti ob'vyazok to seize Vitchizna.
The image of Alexander Nevsky, a man of powerful will, deeply inspired by the Fatherland, created by the artist P. D. Korin (1942). “When I wrote this, the artist confesses, the fate of war is upon us, writing the indomitable proud spirit of our people, which “in the hour of its day” has risen to its entire gigantic age.”
D. MOOR “THE HIM DID HELP THE FRONT?” The artist D. Moore created a composition for a poster from the period of the Gromadian War “Have you signed up as a volunteer?” under a new tone: “How did you help the front?” The relevance and viability of the poster was so high that it was re-circulated in other parts of the country with the translation of the gaslam of the peoples of the USSR. The most senior poster painter does satire more brilliantly than Volodya. Already at the poster “Everything is on “G”” D. Moor, having outlined his goal to the goal - to understand it with a penzlem and a word.
KOKOREKIN “THE BREAST FOR THE DEFENSE OF LENINGRAD”, SIROV “DEFEND THE PLACE OF LENIN”, BOYM “BIY VOROGA...”. The pathos of struggle fills A. Kokorekin’s cries “Breasts to defend Leningrad!”; V. Serova “The Protective Place of Lenin”; S. Boim “Beat the enemy, as the fathers and older brothers beat him - the sailors of Zhovtnya!”
V. Ivanov’s works “For Batkivshchina, for honor, for freedom!” also became a response to fascist aggression; I. Srіbny “By mіtsnіshiy, sinku!”; A. Strakhov-Braslavsky “Death to Fascism”; S. Boima and F. Bochkova “Destroy the fascist robbers!”; D. Shmarinova “The Nazis will not pass!” and others. L. Lisitsky created a wonderful poster “Everything for the front! Everything for victory!”, which was given after the death of the author during the 1941–1942 period.
The most important works that depicted the inhabitants of Vitchizny were created in 1941 by Leningrad artists V. Serov and A. Sitarov. V. Serov, having conveyed from the poster “Our right is right - victory will be ours,” the summer militia fighter’s resolve to protect the locality from the enemy that is approaching.
V.IVANOV “DRINKING WATER FROM THE DNIPPER” After the failure and defeat of the first fate of the war, our country has known and overcome with joy. The theme of the Radian military poster has changed. There was more light and joyful mood in the new world, due to the perception of imminent victory, and the call was heard more often not to turn the Radyan land into an enemy, but to bring freedom to the peoples of Europe. The participants of the war have a fond memory of the poster by artist V. Ivanov “Drinking the water of the Red Dnieper.” Half-sun at the end of the dark fires of the front light of the tank, beat at the dark and calm water surface. In the distance you can see a crossing carefully laid out by sappers. Tanks and cars crash down onto the right bank in an endless stream. In the foreground is a great figure of the Radian warrior. Having scooped up cold water with a helmet, it smells of willow and river freshness of the Dnieper water, carefully bringing it to the mouth and drinking thoroughly, using a leather pad. The breadth of creativity and lyricism, the blue love for Mother Fatherland, that sounded in his poster, made him a favorite creation for the people.
SERVICE OF POSTER ARTISTS Posters of the Great German War of 1941 – 1945 became our land’s contribution to the treasury of the world’s mystical downfall of the 20th century. Already at the start of the war, the Radian poster was recognized throughout the world as the pinnacle of agitation and propaganda mysticism. Unfazed by material difficulties, short-lived military forces and a shortage of paperwork, the Mitzi were able to “defeat the fierce battle”, smash the enemy without fail and unite the forces of the front and the front – the army and the people – to defeat fascism. Radyansky poster artists consecrated their patriotic commitment to the rocks of the war, having created a miracle for their artistic and ideological merits, a chronicle of the struggle that won, which will never be forgotten by our people.
LITERATURE The Great Vietnamese War is an important experience that befell part of the Russian people. The literature of that time could not be deprived of this aspect. So on the first day of the war, at a meeting of Radian scribes, the following words were spoken: “The Radian scribe is ready with all his strength, all his knowledge and talent, all his blood that is needed, to fight the holy people’s war against our enemies. ї Batkivshchyna". These words were true. At the beginning of the war, writers began to feel “mobilized and shouting.” Nearly two thousand scribes went to the front, but few of them turned back. Tse A. Gaidar, E. Petrov, Y. Krimov, M. Jalil; M. Kulchitsky, U. Bagritsky, and P. Kogan died very young. The front-line writers shared peace with their people during their approach, and joyfully prevailed. Georgy Suvorov, a front-line writer who died shortly before victory, wrote: “We lived our good life as people, so for people.” The writers lived the same lives as the people who fought: they froze in the trenches, went on the attack, performed feats and... wrote.
Russian literature during the Second World War became a literature of one and the same - those of the war, those of the Fatherland. Writers saw themselves as “trench poets” (A. Surkov), and all literature, in the spirit of A. Tolstov, was “the voice of the heroic soul to the people.” "All forces are going out to destroy the enemy!" directly placed before the writers. The writers of the military rocks introduced all kinds of literary genre: lyricism and satire, epic and drama. Lyricists and journalists said the first word. The news was published by the central and front-line press, broadcast on the radio with information about the most important military and political issues, and sounded from numerous improvised scenes at the front and in the country. A lot of leaders corresponded with the front-line notebooks and learned to memorize. Verses “Wait for me” by Kostyantin Simonov, “Zemlyanka” by Oleksandr Surkov, “Vognik” by Isakovsky gave rise to numerous types of verses. The poetic dialogue between writers and readers was witnessed by those who, in the course of the war between poets and people, have established heartfelt contact in the history of our poetry. Spiritual closeness with the people is the most significant and culpable feature of rock lyrics. Fatherland, war, death and immortality, hatred before the enemy, military brotherhood and comradeship, love and loyalty, dreams of victory, think about the share of the people - the axis of the main motives of military poetry. The leaders of Tikhonov, Surkov, Isakovsky, Tvardovsky feel anxiety about Fatherlandism, a merciless hatred of the enemy, the bitterness of expenses and the awareness of the cruel necessity of war. The day of war began to feel like viciousness. Having chosen to take the place of their loved ones, millions of people from the land became amazed in a new way at their native lands, at the villages where they were born, at themselves, at their people. This was reflected in poetry: penetrating poems about Moscow by Surkov and Gusev, about Leningrad by Tikhonov, Olga Berggolts, and about the Smolensk region by Isakovsky appeared. Love before Fatherlandism and hatred before the enemy - these are inextricable and the only source from which our lyricism drew its richness in the rocks of the WWII. The most famous poets at that time were: Mikola Tikhonov, Oleksandr Tvardovsky, Oleksiy Surkov, Olga Berggolts, Mikhailo Isakovsky, Kostyantin Simonov
In military poetry, one can see three main genre groups of poems: lyric (ode, elegy, song), satirical and lyrical-epic (baladi, sing). The fate of the Great White War brought about the development of not only sophisticated genres, but also prose. It is represented by journalistic and drawing genres, military accounts and I will tell a heroic story. Very diverse journalistic genres: statistics, drawings, feuilletons, beasts, leaves, leaflets. Statti wrote: Leonov, Oleksiy Tolstoy, Mikhailo Sholokhov, Vsevolod Vishnevsky, Mikola Tikhonov. With their articles they conquered the high-minded people, began to unapologetically rise to the level of fascism, and revealed the truthful denunciations of the “stewards of the new order.” Radyansky writers opposed fascist nonsense propaganda to the great human truth. AT THE ROCK OF THE GREAT VICHINA WAR, such things were created, in which the head respect was destroyed for the lot of people in the war. PEOPLE'S HAPPINESS AND WINNER – SO CAN WE FORMULATE THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SUCH CREATIONS, SUCH AS “JUST LOVE” by V. VASILEVSKO, “THE THING WAS IN LENINGRAD” by A. CHAK. IN 1942 ROK HAD A STORY ABOUT V. NEKRASOV’S VINA “IN THE Trenches OF STALINGRAD.”
BILORUSSIAN LITERATURE A special place in Belarusian literature is occupied by the creativity of front-line poets, which reveal masculinity, heroism, sacrifice, patriotism (Olexiy Pisin, Arkady Kuleshov) Irshi “We will know now, my mother’s will” Y. Kupala I will not only overcome it, but Having conveyed the hour when the restored places and villages are restored, people will die peacefully in the verse of the cononnade: So the day of retribution is approaching For everything that has been lost, For our bedrooms, For our virtuous children. Let's cleanse our forest and field. The inferno of Hitler, the inferno of his gangs, Let us know the happiness of our mother and our will in our new gardens. Therefore, sooner or later, our families will be destroyed, our young land will be adorned with light. Our palaces will be built again in the mountains, people will come to Svyatkovo, just as the Red Banner will flaunt over us.
Partisan, partisan, Ukrainian blues! For the captivity, for the Kaidans, the filthy Hitlerites, so that they do not increase the stench of the century. On ruins, scorches, On their crooked trails, High brush their scythes, To meet the owl's call, the Ball will be celebrated on their cassettes. Let Hitler the vampire peck at your heart and soak your blood; City was the fat of human beings, Drunken was the crooked faiths, - Hail to the beast of beasts! Staring at the eyes of the elders, Cutting mothers and children, Seizing the building, patarochaya Having obscured the days with the black night, - Hail to the gods! Revolving at its top to the Belarusian partisans Y. Kupala: Partisan, partisans, Belarusian blues! For the captivity, for the kaidan, the filthy Hitlerites, so that they do not increase the stench of the century. I call on you to help, May you have happy days, Bless the people, So that there is no trace of them on our holy land. The shadow of slaughtered mothers, children, your grandparents and fathers, the crooked pallets, the mistress is so crooked, as if the heat of the gods had not been saved. Don’t give the bastards the strength to spread your heart, Rise behind the graves, Live from the living, Blood for blood, and death for death! Partisan, partisan, Ukrainian blues! For the captivity, for the kaidan, the filthy Hitlerites, so that they do not increase the stench of the century. May your victory not abandon you, May your anxiety not scare you, - Your road is clear, May you be free... So let us cleanse the hell of evil spirits. Partisans, partisans, Ukrainian blues! For the captivity, for the kaidan, the filthy Hitlerites, so that they do not increase the stench of the century.
The symphony was created by composer Dmitr Dmitrovich Shostakovich in 1941. The first three parts were written by him at Benoit’s budinka in Leningrad (finished at the sickle of 1941, and on the 8th of May the siege of Leningrad began). The finale of the symphony, completed in early 1941, was created by the composer already in Kuibishev, where on the stage of the Opera and Ballet Theater and was first performed on the 5th of February 1942 by the orchestra of the Great Theater of the Union of the Russian Socialist Republic under the supervision of S.A. Samosud. The Moscow premiere (director S. A. Samosud) took place on March 29, 1942.
VIKONANNYA SYMPHONY On September 9, 1942, the rock appeared near besieged Leningrad. The conductor of the Leningrad Radio Committee orchestra was Karl Illich Eliasberg. Vikonannya was given significance to Vinyatkov. Regardless of the bombing and airstrikes, all the chandeliers at the Philharmonic Hall were set on fire. Viktor Kozlov, clarinetist: “All the crystal chandeliers were actively turned on. The hall is illuminated, so clean. This is how the musicians were in such a mood, this is how they played this music with their souls. “The Philharmonic Hall was completely in full swing. The audience was extremely friendly. The concert was attended by sailors, armed infantry soldiers, PPO fighters wearing sweatshirts, and thinner members of the Philharmonic. Vikonannya symphony cost 80 years. All this hour the enemy rushed: the artillerymen, who were seizing the place, refused the order to strangle the fumes of the German troops. Shostakovich's new creation impressed the ears: many of them cried without drawing tears. Great music was able to express those that inspired people in that difficult hour: faith in victory, sacrifice, boundless love to one’s place and the end. By the hour, the Vikonian symphony was broadcast on the radio, as well as by the Guchnomovites of the Moscow Merezh. They were not deprived of the inhabitants of the place, but they were the ones who surrounded Leningrad. German troops. Even later, two tourists from the People's Democratic Republic, who had asked Eliasberg, confided in him: “Today, September 9, 1942, we realized that the war was going to happen. We have seen your strength, and have been able to overcome hunger, fear and death..."
ORCHESTRA Vikonuvav symphony The Great Symphony Orchestra of the Leningrad Radio Committee. During the day of the siege, countless musicians died of hunger. Rehearsals were burning at the chest. When the stench reappeared in the birch tree, they could have lost as many as 15 musicians who had weakened. Regardless of the situation, the concerts began already near Kvitna. At the grass, he delivered the score of the symphony to the covered place. To fill the number of the orchestra, the musicians who were rejected were sent from the front. Among the prominent director-interpreters who made recordings of this symphony are Paavo Berglund, Leonard Bernstein, Kirilo Kondrashin, Evgen Mravinsky, Gennady Rizdvyany, Evgen Svetdanov, Karl Eliasberg and others. Memorial plaque in honor of Dmitro
