For rich people, they are associated with good people. I chain the world correctly. If you need to insulate, re-ventilate, build up a sump - additional space for saving agricultural products, you are ready. It is obvious that even in the basement there is a standing vogkіst, it is devastatingly pouring like on the foundation, so on the wall of the booth. Also, to the very bottom top, I should give due respect.
In order to find out why you need to write a log in the basement, you need to know that for this there are only two ways:
The primary choice between two options may be the rіven of ground waters. If the stench is close to the surface, then it is better to lay concrete underlays.
The cob works - tse tidying up smіtta, virivnyuvannya that tamping the surface of the earth. If you want to make mud puddles, then the stench will be warm without a doubt. If your choice falls on a concrete base, then such a pіdloga will be cold for adobe, and therefore mіtsnіsha for it. The foundation of the pіdvalu is to blame for the buti on the frost-resistant clay.
Vlashtovuemo adobe pіdlogu
For vashtuvannya, the foundations of the foundations were followed by a ball of crushed stone, mixed with clay. The tovshchina is to blame for the ball, but not less than 10-12 cm. After that, as the first ball is dry with crushed stone, we lay another one like this, a lesser comradeship: 6-8 cm. For example, vapnyano-clay rozchinym.
Vlashtovuemo concrete pіdlogu
For concrete foundations, it is necessary to prepare the foundation. Vlashtovuetsya, so the titles of the ball, scho pіdstilaє. Winning from crushed stone and gravel. Dalі the basis virіvnyuєtsya that is strengthened. In order to ensure that the basement was filled in with equal evenness, it is indicated by the height of the basement and it is indicated on the wall behind the additional marker. Dali pratsyuєmo gidrorivnym: zgіdno with a mark on one wall, we know you need a height on the protilezhnіy and marked with a marker. Fallow, in addition, the area is large, we will install one or two marks at the sight of a metal rod at a height of 1-1.5 m, one in one, for which it is also necessary to take a height, I will find it for help. The rod of the trail is simply driven into the base of the sublog.
Cement rozchin 1:5 is filled with a sub-log. Focusing on the marks, as a rule, we turn the ball to concrete. In the course of the work, the bars with marks need to be twisted and reinforced with them. After 3-4 days in the world, the rosette will be hardened, after the viconaty I will fill the residual filling with a rare rosette, as we will use all vadi. Under the hour of the formation of another concrete ball, it is necessary to periodically revitalize, in order to improve the characteristics of the mineral.
Waterproofing sublogs
At the time of the high level of the ground waters, there is a superfluous addition of waterproofing. For this purpose, we cover it with bituminous mastic and lay a ball of roofing material (two balls are possible, smearing them with each other with mastic). After that, if the surface hardens, then pour one more ball of concrete space. After that, as this ball is in the future, we fill in the ball of concrete screed, which is vibrating. Її tovshchina can revisit 1 div.
As if you were viruiuyuchi, why zrobiti pіdlogu in the podvalі, zupinilis on tsmu variantі, sіd vrahuvati deyakі nuances. Fallow in addition, some kind of soil (dry chi vology) and equal ground water, virishuemo nourishment of waterproofing. As soon as the moisture content of the temple is cleared up, then the wooden underlays follow the sound and the concrete work. Yakscho all harazd, let's get started. Need:
Treat the tree with an antiseptic spray. Cut the boards to the dovzhina, yak by 2-3 cm. Lay the first plank in 1.5 cm from the wall, so that the deformation of the underlays in the natural soil under temperature changes is avoided.
For log decks, cut according to the previous date. Under the deck (bar) it is necessary to lay sheets of roofing material. Install the lags strictly for equal. After that, as it is crumbled, we lay the flooring from the boards: with 6-7 cm flowers, we clog them up, attract the boards to the logs.
The wooden balls of the village on the wooden boards are guilty of "marveling" at the different sides. So pіdloga vyyde more equal. Behind the wooden flooring, you can put linoleum, or else cover it for underlayment.
At large vipadkivs, at private booths, they can cover a small area, so the Vlasniks slander with everything by truth and by falsity, so that there will be more free space. For example, to finish the hospitality of the dimensions of the accommodation (zocrema, yoga height) stand at that point, as if it were a victorious one like a garage. Ale, and in a great bliss, you want your mother to be able to break out at a later age. To the very same, a lot of zamіsky domovlasniks ask themselves questions about those, how to rob the tax as low as possible. Deyakі people virіshuyut zavdannya cardinally - just deprive the pіdlog in the podvalі budinka such as vin and buv after digging the ditch, tobto ґruntovim.
If it is necessary to grow up on a well-drained riverbed, it is not to blame for any particular problems. From the other side, if the soil under the bunker is to finish the waters and the waters come close, then the work from the obshtuvannya will be much more expensive.
If the houses are still at the stage of life, then, as it is possible, it is better to choose string foundation. Such a pіdkhіd will give sevnі perevagi when obshtuvannі pіdvalny pіschennya: mіtsnі stіni, pochatkovo zoning expanses vіdpovіdno to living rooms thinly.
For sporudzhennya pіdlogi vіdvalі can vikoristovuvatisya such materials: concrete, soil, logs, monolithic slabs.
When vikoristanny monolithic slabs can talk about the maximum nadіynіst pіdlogi. Obviously, such an undertaking can only be built at the early stages of building a house, just before the foundation is laid. In addition, the basement was made comfortable and warm, as if it were the so-called “Swedish stove”. Tsya technology can be used for laying insulating under the slab. As in Budov, the appearance of the basement was transferred on top, this option is also shorter. Concrete pouring can be carried out directly on the ground, but even better, before zim, tamp the sand and gravel, making your own “pie” (pillow) from these materials. Such a pie promotes the supremacy of the structure, especially in the presence of loams and clay.
Substrate concrete in to the basement- The widest option.
It is necessary to fight in quiet budinkas for victorious lags, to have a minimum level of flooding in the groundwater (otherwise the high-yielding drainage system was destroyed). Krіm tsgogo, such cover can be grown in garages, in which there is a deep loch.
Ground conditions can also be relevant, but only in quiet weather, if it is necessary to protect the height of the place or pennies.
For pouring concrete pidlogs in the basement, you need the following tools:
As a replacement for concrete mixes, mix the ingredients in proportions, as shown on a bear with cement.
The stages of the work carried out are as follows:
After all stages of preparation, we proceed without intermediary until the pouring of the concrete gap.
If some important fittings are installed in the basement (for example, laying tables for the mains), then the sublog needs to be additionally reinforced and the work of a larger company (over 10 cm). If there will be no serious pressure on your basement, then it is not necessary to carry out the reinforcement of the foundation in this direction.
For the folding of the reinforced belt, a mesh of reinforcement is cut. The thickness of the reinforcing battens is to be 5 mm. Їх pov'yazuyut mizh with a dart.
Cement sizing is necessary to work in the right way to the designation of the sizing ratios. All the elements of the possible variety need to be mixed in the concrete mixer. Step by step, water is added to the roses, until the wines reach the necessary viscosity and plasticity.
Concrete laying can be done in stages, but without interruption. Rozchin need to be checked on all surface areas. Before pouring the concrete, it is best to install beacons, as if to visually demonstrate the torso of a concrete ball. "Pirig", which vyyshov from sand, gravel and concrete, successfully copes with adventures.
In order to ensure that the tovshchina to concrete was the same, vikoristovuyut a special lighthouse profile.
As soon as the cement crack is dry, it is necessary to sand the concrete surface. Ale before the process of obov'yazkovo scurry expanding seams. A Bulgarian with a special disk on the surface is cut in such a way that a sprat of meters was seen between the seams. This simple way to help prevent the cracking of concrete underlays.
The pristrіy pіdvalnykh pіdlog on the ground may be one neperechnû pass before the great concrete plating - the pіdlog will be warm. Krym tsgogo, clay - vіdmіnny gіdroіzolator. If the whole process of laying on the ground is carried out correctly, then such a surface can last for more than a dozen years, without waiting for repairs and special maintenance.
Stages of work for the creation of sublogs on the soil are as follows:
If you have done the construction of a log at the basement of your private booth on wooden logs, then it is necessary for us to choose a wooden tree, and also to think about attaching a waterproofing ball.
The best way to choose a good drying beam, which will become a miraculous solution for the lag. Rosemary is recommended to choose 15/15. Small board cuts (4-5 cm) will become the basis for the surface. On the vіdmіnu vіd pіdlog оn the soil, it's not necessary to lay the impersonal balls and work the pie in any weather.
Steps work like this:
As a result, you chose the structure on the logs, behind the back of the earth before the burying of the earthen bottom of the pit, the shards of the pit in the pit of the mother's booth mean tovshchina. The cost of destruction may be no less than 30 cm.
If you want to add water to your premises, then the option for a low level of a private booth with planks is better not to choose, so that after an hour, no matter how high the quality of the waterproofing, the boards all the same start step by step.
The basement on top is one of the main places near the booth. If the wines (on top) are properly clad, then at the top of the cladding tops, it will be warm and quiet. Also, you can play the role of a warehouse or a garage, mothers are otherwise recognized. Somewhere in the world, navitovuyut stones. That is why it is important to keep the dryness here, but it is important to keep it dry. How to correctly fill in the sublog on the basement version? Let's find out what is necessary for whom and how the procedure is to be carried out.
The basement can be not only miserable, where different communications can take place, scorching boilers have been installed, or all old and uncommon speeches can be stoked. The basement on top of the booth can be:
If you turn on your fantasy, then you can see more rich options, like you can have a basement on top. However, in order to implement all these ideas, it is important to talk about the presence of a new good status and ensure waterproofing. This need is due to the functional features of the basement.
Pіdval budinka chi be-yakoy іnshої budіvlі y bolshostі zavzhdі sоtsіyuієєs іz vogіstyu. However, zayva vogkіst or dragged down the middle of the pіdvala threatening the ruined foundation of the booth, and also, and poshkodzhennya budіvlі in the future. To the very same, at the stage of everyday life, things vibrate in the future.
Here it is possible to increase the volume not only of the walls and sublogs, but also to learn more. Before the speech, this ostentatious show will be great at any time, lower at the booth itself, wind up unimportantly on the height of the waterproofing. Vologa from the soil easily penetrates concrete and other materials, such as a plinth. The water is especially actively used up to the foothill, as if the soil waters lie close to the surface of the earth in this area. Don’t forget about the spring floods, if the rivulet of the water rises high for an hour.
Note! The large amount of water in the basement is not only unsafe, but it creates a middle ground in the water and stimulates the development of mold fungus, but it also negatively spills onto concrete, mimicking the new variety of speech. The material is worth the cost
Such an effect is also characteristic for the pіdval, how to achieve sharp and significant temperature drops. If there is no scorching in the new, then, better for everything, in the basement version you will be cold, which, obviously, is beneficially indicated on the products that are saved in the new, and home preservation. Ale navіt yakscho pіdval to serve as a place for sberіgannya produktіv, yakіsna podloga in the new all the same can be. If you want wine, maybe not so beautiful and neat, like a house in the living quarters.
Pіdlogi, scho oblashtovatsya in pіdvalny pіschennі, pіdnі vіdpoіdati deyakim vimog ta buti:
Sound, as if in the basement, the basement is laid with concrete, the wines are laid directly on the ground. As soon as the robots are wound correctly, then there will be no empty ones under them and the foundation will be vide yakіsnoy. In my opinion, all the attention to the basis is applicable to those who are known under it, which means that the lien will be nadіynoy and mіtsnoy and serve for a long time.
Note! Oblashtuvati good pіdlogu in pіdvalі koshtuє it's expensive to do it, especially how to go about the place, roztashovane entrusted from the ground waters. However, it is possible to save a few koshtіv on the finishing decoration, so that the basement on top is far from being able to look beautiful. Golovnya, schob vykonuvav their main functions, and in the middle it was dry.
Pidlogs in the basement can be worked by kilkom in ways, skin from some of their own particularity vikonannya works. For folding, you can zastosovuvat wooden logs and boards, without middle soil and clay, concrete sumish, etc.
Note! Nayvischoy mіtsnistyu maє pіdlogu, prepared from monolithic slabs. However, such a design can only be built at the cob stage of life, if the stove is simply not possible to carry in the basement.
Tse, perhaps, the most wide-ranging version of the creation of pidlogs on the basement surface, the shards of concrete foundations are not for nothing vvazhivayutsya mіtsnimi and nadіnymi (їh dogovіchnіchnost revered by ten years), that varіst robіt will be small. Prior to that, at the same time, robots can be carried out directly on the rammed ground. Even though gravel and sand lie flat, the superstructure of the structure is vastly different.
Note! It is always recommended to use concrete foundations to make sure that soil water is planted close to the surface of the earth.
You can create such a subtext on your own. Here, it’s more smut to cover the garn of the pillow, as the mother’s tovshchina is close to 15 cm. So the beast on the tamping ball is squealing expanded clay or crushed stone, so that it can be rammed, if it’s important to lay a stone and a superfluous waterproofing material (for example, roofing material). In case of this, the protection of the water is to be blamed for being as superficial as possible, which means that the outer layers of the material are hermetically sealed with an overlap of at least 20 cm.
Another ball that is laid under the concrete underlay is the whole ball of heat-insulating materials (for example, squeezing, basalt material, polyurethane, foam plastic). The stench of protecting the warmth in the middle of the place will block the streams of cold that come out of the ground. Sticks between layers of thermal insulation are also recommended to close, vicorist mounting pin.
Important! A small gap can be left between the wall and the heat-insulating material. Vіn to ensure the possibility of thermal expansion of the material, and therefore to help avoid deformation of the insulation.
Change the sub-log of concrete in addition to reinforcement, as well as win over victories. It is not possible to allow the demonstration of critical attention without rotting. The best way to vikoristovuvat sіtku z tovshchina prutіv close to 5 mm. Just after that, a pouring of concrete summation is carried out. The tovshchina of the ball, which is being filled, is to blame but not less than 5 cm, but if it is planned to install important fittings, then the screed will be close to 10 cm.
Sometimes it is covered with clay soil. This option allows you to protect the bones. Such a basis is breathed in by the team, that the basement on top will be richly warm, lower at the bottom with concrete underlays. Sound the wines are made of clay, as by itself it is a miraculous waterproofing agent. The term of service of such a basis will be greater, lower than 10 years, so that everything is reduced to the rules of installation work.
At the preparatory stage, there is a strengthening of the grounds and their development. The base is filled with expanded clay - this is how an additional heat-insulating ball is formed.
Please! The maximum value for such undertakings can be given by concreting the first crushed stone ball.
Then the rubble churns with clay, and the warehouse, which is wiyshov, wriggles onto the deepening soil with a ball of tovshchina close to 20 cm. Before the speech the thinnest will be the balls.
The final stage is the plastering of the dry surface with rare clay. She will help and fill in all the cracks that have appeared on the surface of the base. Such a basis can be practically closed, whether it be some kind of back-up material. And most of the clay underlay is covered with paving slabs.
Chornova pіdloga in the socle version, made of wood, vikonuєtsya only in the fall, as the effect of the podloga is minimal or it is a high-yield waterproofing. In this fall, the foundation rests on the logs - supports, like raising the black underlay over the surface ground.
For the lag, the next vikoristovuvat mіtsnu and nadіynu wood - the best pіdіyde timber 15x15 cm, good drying. And the basis of sprouting can be made from a zavtovshka board up to 5 cm.
Note! Bagatosharovy "pyrig" is not necessary for different cladding of the foundation on the lags. Ale, prote, the death of a dead man can become no less than 30 cm, so as a lie, all the same mother to endure the great comrade.
At different wooden bases, it is important to think over the lining of waterproofing. And the tree itself is treated with antiseptics and zahisnimi warehouses. The lags are installed on the ground and turn around for the equal. Roofing material spreads under the support, which will secure the protection of the tree from vіd vologi.
We marvel at how the black lining looks like on the basement version of the booth. We are going to prepare all the necessary tools, typing some of them in the field according to the chosen technology for creating pidlogs at the base.
Crushed stone, clay, sand, water, shovels and buckets are needed for making clay plows. For wood - timber, boards, ruberoid, rubble, flowers or screws, saw, cutting tool, hammer. For the creation of pіdlog іz concrete it is necessary to add:
Please! For the installation of a screed in the basement version, it is recommended to vicorate quarry sand, crushed stone and cement grade M400. Some crushed stone can be replaced with expanded clay.
table. Equal characteristic expanded clay and crushed stone.
| Characteristic | Rubble | |
|---|---|---|
| Masa | Even lighter material, no matter how big the factions are. | I know the mass of the material, it is possible to work with it, if it is not easy to overtighten rubble in small portions. |
| Thermal insulation power | It is possible to create a basis for using expanded clay to create a warm base - the material can improve the characteristics of thermal insulation. | Bad signs of heat insulation, it will be cold. |
| Reaction to contact with water | Vologu actively porous, shards are porous material. | Chi does not react to the volog, does not select її, through which the term of the service is increased. |
| Vartist | Finish expensive material. | Cheap material. |
| Mitsnist | Nevisoka, through which the underlays for adding expanded clay will be less overhead, lower from crushed stone. | Dosit material, building vitrimuvat critical navantazhennya. |
In such a rank, at the bottom, where the flood is not cleared up, as a whole, there can be vikoristany expanded clay instead of crushed stone. It is especially important in that vipadka, because it is necessary to build the foundation as warm as possible. Then, using crushed stone allows the cost of preparing the foundation in the basement to be cheaper.
Before that, the work of plowing pidlogs in the basement begins, a series of preparatory work is carried out, which includes the determination of the level of ground water, and the better, the more folding will be the robots themselves. It is also recommended to take a look at the height and height between the foot and the foot of the foot. Sound out, do not exceed the parity of meters, prote, so that the rhubarb of the ground waters is high, the height between that stele can still be changed. Dali carried out a survey of the necessary quantity of materials.
Just after that, proceed to the earthworks, so that a foundation pit is created, the mold is deformed. Zaiviy ґrunt is blamed for pіdvalu. Dali svoryuєetsya drainage ball with expanded clay and pіsku zavtovshki close to 5 and 15 cm іdpovіdno.
The most popular are concrete pidlogs. To this we will look at the procedure of creation itself. Dekilka is glad to help you to build concrete pidlogs in the basement as much as possible with the best and the best:
The basement space is often small, so the housekeepers think about those, how to work for a lie so that the yakomog occupied less space.
It is especially important in the minds of a tight garage, where in a small space it is necessary to install equipment for a car, and home preparations. To that rich man who goes along the simplest path and robs a pidlog in the ditch of the soil.
Like a garden of rotting on dry soil, vitrati on the plinth cladding on top 2-4 times lower, lower in the heads of a high level of ground water and soil, saturated with water. The choice of the installation option for laying down the logs depends on how you wash your life on the job.
As if at once there will be a pіdval i lioh, it’s smarter to choose a line foundation, to the one who will give a lot of surfacing for an hour of cladding the internal space of the pіdval: superficial walls, which transcend the penetration of the wind and water, demarcation is placed on the surrounding stone zone for roses.
As a construction of underlays in the basement, vibudovuvatimetsya on the logs, behind the back, they transfer sufficient burying at the ground. Vono may be 30 cm larger, lower for earthen status. Krіm zahistu vіd vologi, pіdloga is guilty of hіdno to stand up to the vise of the soil. Therefore, in the old booths on the basement, it is necessary to add additional stones, like supports, stitched through the skin 3-4 m.
Turn to hell
In the rest of the fall of the day, it is most hopeful to go out. Wine is mounted on the cob stage of everyday life under the hour of laying the foundation. If brucht is installed on the UWhP (insulated Swedish plate), then it will be more comfortable, the shards will be the upper part.
Concrete cover should be stunned in quiet valleys, if there is a high level of groundwater on the road and the most necessary protection is required.
Like in a booth, there is a basement on top, this option is also shorter. Concrete can be poured directly on the ground or on a sand-gravel pillow. Another option is the most nadirny, as if on a distance, strongly heaving soil: clay or loam.
Pidlogs along the lags vlashtovuyut at quiet budinkas, where they are not afraid of being flooded with ground waters, or the yoke drainage. Trees of overlapping can be worked in garages, where there is a deep basement. Zemlyana podloga is relevant in quiet situations, if the most important factor is economy of space or penny koshtіv. If the soil is on a subsidence gap, the best option would be to install a reinforced concrete foundation such as this, so that it could stably trim the shape of the soil moving hour.
Turn to hell
Turn to hell
Turn to hell
Turn to hell
How to work for a pidlog in the basement of a booth, so that it would get out of ergonomics and superficially against the penetration of water from the soil? Aje is the basis of the life of the future, constantly succumbing to the grip of the soil and pouring into the new ground waters. To that obshtuvannyu under the bottom of the top of the next give special respect.
Іsnuє kіlka ways for arranging the basement. Basically, there are the following options:
Concrete laying can be carried out directly on the ground, or it would be better to drop the ball on gravel or sand. This option is to increase the surface on the plots with clay and loamy soil.
Set up a concrete booth
Clay pads are laid on the ground. The advantage of clay is accessibility, warmth and waterproofing. In the same way, this way is more good for protecting the height of the place, which is an important factor for pіdvalu.
Clay pidloga
The logs are laid on the logs, as if the dilyanka is on well-drained soil, otherwise there was a yakish drainage system around the perimeter of the booth.
Pidloga on logs
The monolithic “Swedish Pie” is a monolithic slab that is made up of foam plastic in the lower ball and a warm pad built in at the upper ball. This type of landscaping is suitable for water-filled plots with subsoil waters. Vikonuetsya at the stage of building the foundation and installation of the drainage system. In this weather, the basis of the booth is the most superfluous, moisture-proof and warm.
Monolithic "Swedish pie"
The first step is to start cladding of concrete foundations, it is necessary to make concrete for some applications, and in some cases it is necessary and possible to concrete the base. Concreting dotsіlno for offensive purposes:
Substrate concrete
Concrete for the basement of the basement of a private booth may have the following advantages:
The walls of the foundation are permanently strong to the pressure of the ground waters, to which the reinforcement is collapsed in the presence of a constant flow of water. Underground at the basement of concrete can create an additional barrier for the penetration of water.
P_dstava podval z concrete
Important!
At the basement, which is scorched, the presence of a concrete foundation can lead to the collapse of the foundation structure, which causes a laborious and expensive overhaul.
The non-flushed basement, which is used less for the storage of food preparations, is not concreted.
The foundation of a private booth with a concrete pad
Tools and materials for vikonannya robit:
Concrete base pіdvalu
The spore of concreted footings at the footings significantly promotes the operation of all constructions of life.
Vikonati concreting can be done independently, keruyuchis cover instructions installation:
Important!
Yakshcho the wall of the wall is moved 7 m or the base of the G or P-like form, it is necessary to control the deformation seams. Before pouring the concrete on the reinforcement, it is necessary to install a wooden formwork, so that the straight cuts are equal to the size. After hanging the screeds, the formwork is dismantled, and the seams are filled with damping material.
Screed pіdlogi - effective method ryatuvannya vіd zayvoї vologi i musty "podvalnogo" smell. Also, the acceptance advantage is the availability of all materials, the low price and the ability to perform assembly work independently.
Concrete base for the basement with integration into the screed
The main advantage of the soil is the first thermal insulation.
Clay pidlog near the pidval
Yakshcho all works with slabstuvannya vykonanі yakіsno, vіn serve as a good waterproofing agent.
Materials for robot:
Important!
Watery soils allow the hairs, which are found in them, to penetrate into the basement, creating the necessary atmospheric mind for the storage of food reserves.
Application that sings, establishes convection, creates the effect of a pump, that vaporizes the water. Qi vipari hang on the surface, and the earth absorbs excess water. The circle of the homeland is established.
Clay pidloga
Stages of work with the installation of clay bricks:
Rozchin for ceramic lining
Under the logs in the basement along the logs there were traces of land on the plots from the garnoy water penetration. Otherwise, a wooden structure can be slender to the point of rotting.
Laying log
Materials for the possession of logs in the basement of the booth behind the lags:
Sleeping a booth behind the lags
Stages of arranging pidlogs for lags:
Logs for pidlog
To the peculiarities of the monolithic "Swedish plate", thermal insulation of the foundation and the base from the sides and from the bottom can be seen. The basis of the warehouse is a tamping ball made of sand cement and pebbles or other drainage material. A slab is laid on top, reinforced with a 12-millimeter bar and with built-in heating communications.
Monolithic concrete slab
Advantages of the "Swedish plate":
Monolithic concrete slab
Tools and materials for cladding of monolithic underlays:
Monolithic slab
Stages of installation of a monolithic slab:
Construction for the installation of a monolithic slab
The basement in the basement of the booth is lined and ready for operation. As a kind of rank, yogo mount an individual choice of skin. It is important to remember that it is significant to bring the depth of the foot down to the transcendental level. Therefore, it is worthwhile to win the waterproofing.
Installation of a monolithic slab
In low pіdpіllakh, it is sufficient to cover the air with perimeter kums. Sokolnі on top of the sound of mayut vіkna, to natural ventilation you will be enough.
Insulated Swedish stove
