John the Warrior on Yakimanets is first guessed in 1625. Just as there was no longer the locality of “Yakimanka,” the same name of the saint sounded much different: Ivan Viyskovy.
St. Ivan, the patron saint of the Streltsy warriors who lived at that time on duty, was made of wood and was located below, “before the Krimsky yard on the birch.” When the river flooded, it often flooded, so the price for water was 1671 rubles. stayed behind the stone.
Photo from 1881
After the Streltsy uprising of 1682, a number of rebels were expelled from Moscow together with their families and companions.
Chergova Povin 1708 heavily flooded the city. There is a legend about this flooding of the temple that Peter the Great himself, having built the temple, which people reached by chovny, became obsessed with it, and having learned that the consecration was in honor of St. John the Warrior, the military king, especially ordered the creation of a new one in another, more safe place. Kazhut, 1709 rub. We decided to finish the church and donate 300 rubles for the construction of the stone church, dedicated to the memory of the victory at the Battle of Poltava.
This is how the axis appeared in Yakimantsi (at that time the place had already acquired its name in honor of the holy fathers of the Mother of God Joakim (Yakim) and Ganni, whose temple was located nearby) Ivanoviynivska. True, a legend is a legend, but the idea of keeping the temple alive has been around for a long time, and the land under the number of the Streltsy was acquired back in 1702. A chapel was placed on the site of the old church, as was customary at that time, but it was erected in the 1920s. and it didn’t reach us.
Icon of John the Warrior
It is not known exactly whose church was written by Peter I, but many historians agree on the Duma, or the architect Ivan Zarudny, even a temple similar to Menshikov Bashta (the Temple of the Archangel Gabriel). The traditional octagon, or more precisely, two octagons, on a double-light quadrangle is designed so that visually the lower octagon looks like a rotunda. A meal with a drink is standard for that hour. The church is a miraculous image of the Peter the Great baroque, which combines the designs of Moscow, Ukrainian and European baroque architecture.
The work was carried out at a rapid pace, perhaps due to the obsession of Peter I himself, so in 1711. buv consecration side vіvtar svv. Mchch. Guria, Samona and Avivi. Until 1712 r. The building of the temple was practically completed, the decoration and beautification began. The great consecration took place in 1717. Before this, the tsar had painted gold church vessels for divine services, a pound weight on a lance (hung above the entrance at the divination about the order in the services) and a picture with the inscription “The pharmacy that relishes sins.”
Fragment of the fence
The deeds before us practically cannot be changed, only in 1759 (at the will of Peter’s daughter Elizabeth I) another lateral church arrived in the name of St. Dmitry of Rostov. Around the same hour, the temple was rebuilt with a miraculous forged fence on a stone base (1984 transferred to the lower place). Unfortunately, the wall paintings of Gabriel Domozhirov’s pencil and the iconostasis of Vasily Bazhenov were not preserved, unless the fragments of the St. John’s Church were closed, then in the 1920s. n. Shrines from churches that were closed were collected in it. In this manner, the miraculous carving of the gilded iconostasis (1708) appeared here, and the transfer here from the Church of the Three Saints of the Chervonikh Vorit (the temple was not preserved).
Iconostasis from the Church of the Three Saints with the Red Brahma.
In 1812 The temple became a witness to the miracle: the French were searching for treasures in its basements, but they could not find out, and the fire they controlled went out, reaching the church fence.
The bell of the Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanets had a small sound and the church stood until those who “heard” the Kremlin gospel. Unfortunately, the workers from the bells were melted down after the revolution of 1917, and were sent to the theater (Moscow Art Theater). The “theatrical” bells turned to the Tetyana Doronin Church in the 1990s. One of the lowest bells (Dutch, XVI century) taken from the closed temple. Now the tinkling ensemble is once again delighting the ears of Muscovites with its ringing.
Without hiding in the rocks of severe persecutions, his rector Christopher, executions in 1922, insurance to the rank of the New Martyrs of Russia. The temple has a great number of holy icons brought here from damaged churches. Among them is the Volodymyr icon of the Mother of God with brands, the icon of the martyr. Varvara with a part of her finger and a ring from the temple named after Varvartsa, an icon of Joachim and Annie from the temple, which gave the name to Yakimantsi and many others.
Parts of the relics of over 150 saints are preserved at the temple. At the time of the Napoleonic invasion, there were 7 bells on the temple church, the largest of which was 130 poods.
In the other half of the 19th century, there were twice as many ringing calls, and the good ringing was as important as 303 poods. Unfortunately, all these calls have been lost.
First Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimantsi It will be guessed already by 1625 people, standing very close to the river, at the bottom of the street, and also on the afternoon - approximately on the site of the lower Central artist's booth. Temple serving parish church Streltsy Sloboda, which was founded here for Ivan the Terrible.
The constant ruins of the floods of the Moscow rivers prompted the archers to resurrect the temple at the stone, which was destroyed in 1671. However, it didn’t help - the temple leaned back at the desert after the hangers of the archers from Moscow in the aftermath of the Streltsy revolt, and in cob XVIII A century of flooding occurred around the time of 1709.
Behind the legend, at the hour of tієї the very line, passing by the shore, Petro bachiv, Church of John the Warrior stand right by the water. The tsar instructed to transfer the temple to the memorial day of Velikaya Street and signed a sum of 300 rubles for the life of the church. With that little money it was possible to buy not just a stone church, but a true masterpiece of the new taste of what had happened.
On the 12th of 1717 a new temple was consecrated in Imya St. Martyr John the Warrior on Yakimantsi, now standing not in the depths of the river, but along the line of the street.
In the photo: Church of St. John the Warrior near Moscow in 1961.
History of the Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimantsi near Moscow flowed calmly and measuredly. The diversity was brought about either by periodic renovations or rebuilt churches. The paintings of the temple, the iconostasis, and the temple became overgrown with Pribudovs were changed. The first cataclysm in the calm life of the church was caused by The Great Patriotic War 1812 roku.
In 1812, the war came just under the walls of the Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimantsi. The French, who plundered all of Moscow, desecrated this temple. What’s worse, after the gate, the city’s godless marauders reigned supreme.
Fortunately, the temple was plundered by God's providence and was saved by the great Moscow fire. The fire didn’t bump into it: the whole opposite beck of Vigoriv Street, ale half-light, rattled right across the church fence, sparing the temple and at once without bumping into it and the courts.
The end of 1812 and the beginning of 1813 became the only long period in the history of the temple (including the 20th century!), if there were no divine services. After the looting and desecration of the church, the church was quickly destroyed. Generous sacrificers step by step blew the filling and decoration of the temple, and after a day, even if not for a short hour, they became no less miraculous, lower earlier.
The 20th century navitt for zvni successfully survived the yoga of the temples, but still it was a terrible hour. Without becoming a culprit, the Church of Ivan the Warrior.
The temple was not repaired. Having become no less than a single active church in the great and vast territory where no one had flocked
The parishioners of various Zamoskvoretsky churches were afraid to confess their faith, and the shrines from the temples were closed one by one by a mob.
Along with the shrines, the church built and a new iconostasis: the 1708 iconostasis from the Church of the Three Saints of the Chervonih Vorit was moved here, as it was destroyed for the expansion of the Garden Ring. Thus, an iconostasis of the same age appeared at the temple. At the same time, people came with speeches and shrines from other parishes.
In 1930, the rector of the ancient temple of Maron the Hermit, Oleksandr Voskresensky, became the rector of the church, having survived both the Stalinist repressions and the Great Victic War.
Architecture of the Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimantsi- Petrivske baroque. This is a transitional style, which through one episode or another, the king wants to cut through “all the way to Europe” in all directions.
In Russia, the Petrovsky Baroque did not become popular, having been lost from isolated monuments, most importantly associated with the great yogis, the Princes of Golitsin. The most popular butt is famous. The churches of the Petrine and Elizabethan variations of the style appear at first glance to be Russian. The Russian image is characteristic of the Church of St. John the Warrior.
At the heart of the temple there is a three-dimensional volume, topped with an eight-shaped domed roof with mansard windows on the sides of the light, and then - two light-colored drums, which are gradually changing, and a thinned, with a round head.
The chetverik in the base does not look like a massive wreath to the decor, moving the middle sashes with arched completions and pinnacles on the kutah. Dali uphill "staggering" is less zavdyaki baroque luxuriously decorated attic windows, unusually bright rozfarbuvanny skhilіv dahu and maybe a playful balustrade that goes along the top of the roof. Just as the temple itself is intermediate between Narishkin and Elizabethan Baroque, so is this tier between the quadruple and the highest, which is similar to the traditional temples of the era, becoming a meaningful center in the composition of the church, itself The observer holds the greatest respect for him.
The western part of the quadrangle is three with a single-surface refectory, while the back of the temple is more traditional, but harmoniously looks like an octagonal twin. Unfortunate vapadok - dzvіnitsya vіnchana navіt more massive and commemorative commander-in-chief, lower the church itself, despite the fact that it's lower and through the roztashuvannya the street can't stand in the mud.
The temples, which were not closed behind the rule of the Radyans, are distinguished by their special beauty and the nobility of their internal decoration. The Church of St. John the Warrior is also missing, and the local antiquity does not create a “museum-like” appearance.
Entrance to the temple is carried out from the side at the base of the dzvinitsa. Even before the threshold into the refectory, the icon starts to buzz, as if anyone can guess who the temple is dedicated to. There is a great icon of the saint in the middle, and if there are a lot of great dark ancient icons of various saints, in truth, it can break the table.
The internal structure of the temple is typical for churches with a similar plan: a wide porch at the far part of the refectory ends with two barrel chanters, one of which was consecrated before the central chantry, and the one of the angels in it I am St. Demetrius of Rostov, navpaki, buv arrivals later. Between them, a narrow passage with icons (among them is an icon with many relics) leads to the main, simplest and most sophisticated part of the temple.
The interior of the refectory, which does not know the changes necessary for the Christian hour, is filled with painting: stucco molding, ornamental and plot paintings, gilding, relief heads of angels and other statues. However, the main temple wins for its open space, the light that flows from the high windows, and the beautiful carved iconostasis.
The iconostasis sounds burnt out, so the top rows no longer have so many icons, but their marriage, recognizable from a visual point of view, compensates for the subtle decoration. As it is, in the middle the main quadrangle of the temple is decorated with a prominent rotunda, oblique skeleta, and an eight-cut crown that goes uphill.
The original paintings and interior decorations of the temple date back mainly to the mid-19th century, when they were completely renovated; Most of the early paintings were not saved, so we will save the interior appearance.
Church of Ivan (John) the Warrior near Moscow on Yakimantsi - an Orthodox church in honor of the martyr John the Warrior.
Yakimanka is named after the righteous Joachim and Anni, the fathers of the Mother of God, the grandfather and grandmother of Jesus Christ. Before the revolution, there were several churches in Yakimanets, but only one - temple Ivana Voina. It was revealed that stylistic features and beauty were rare for Moscow. The Church will be preserved to the finest works of the early Peter's Baroque, which can be traced in Moscow on the fingers of one hand. In addition, it is decorated with a variety of Western European decor, which does not detract from further developments on the Russian soil, in order to give the St. John's Church a unique monument of Russian architecture of the past oh quarter of the 18th century.
The temple was built in 1704-1713, for the reign of Peter the Great. The author of the project is the architect Ivan Zarudniy.
The lowlands between the current street Velika Yakimanka and Moskva River, which regularly flooded in the spring, were Sloboda settlements, where the Streltsy, Poles and native villagers lived.
In 1709, the family of Peter I, who had won the fortress, handed over the descendants, noting the ruination of the Church of St. John, which was also closer to the river, and ordered to argue for a new temple in a safe place - for the riddle about Poltava this is a battle; According to the instructions, a new temple was built behind the chair of the Tsar himself.
In 1711, the birth was completed with a daily meal; The consecration of the entire temple was done on the 12th of November 1717 by the Exarch Metropolitan of Ryazan Stefan Yavorsky. In 1759, the birth of the spores had a lateral birth.
The forged Veserunkov fence on a solid foundation was built in 1754-1758 (the same side in 1984 was significantly placed closer to the temple as a result of the widening of the street; the fence from the side of the wall is still older Yes, after the raising of the shrine, standing there).
In 1779-1791 rocks Church of Ivan the Warrior the bula was decorated by Gavriil Domozhirov (frescoes) and Vasil Bazhenov (iconostasis); This creation was spent in the 1860s. In 1928, the church was equipped with an iconostasis from the rebuilt Church of the Three Saints on Chervona Brama.
From 1906 until his death in Travna in 1922, the rector of the church was Archpriest Christopher Nadezhdin, who shot at various other members of the Moscow clergy for the trial of the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal for “anti-violation of church rights” "innosti".
The temple was never closed for worship and was never renovated.
In the 1930s, many shrines from closed and abandoned local churches were placed here; One of them was the closed boor of Maron Pustelnik, the rector of whom Oleksandr Voskresensky, who became the rector of the Church of St. John the Warrior in 1930.
The architecture will combine elements of the Moscow Baroque styles with the Ukrainian Baroque, and the European infusion, extensions of Russian architecture during the Hours of Peter. The architect has become invisible; The similarity from Menshikova is transferred to the work of Ivan Zarudny. The head is a traditional Moscow eight-piece in a square (quadruple-shaped), however, in this type there are two coaxial eight-pieces, the head ends half of the dome.
U Church of John the Warrior The shrines are being preserved: the icon of the Volodymyr Mother of God, the icons of the martyrs Guria, Samona and Aviva, John the Warrior, Joakim and Anni (from the unpreserved church of Joakim and Anni on Yakimantsi), the Great Martyr Varvara (from the Church of Varvari on Var Varci), St. Basil the Blessed on Chervonia Square ), the image of the Smolensky Savior (behind the overclocks, on the Savings of the Kremlin), the Monk Annie Kashinsko, the Monk Serafim Sarovsky, and this is the frequency of the relics of the 150 saints, and the same rose -browed cereals.
The locality often suffered due to the vengeance, and the church simply collapsed under the vengeance. Therefore, a new temple was erected on Yakimantsi. Yogo was consecrated in 1711, and by 1717 all decorative works were completed. One change in the architecture of the church was made in 1759: the appearance of a side church in the name of Metropolitan Dmitry of Rostov.
The architect of the Church of John the Warrior becomes unknown, wanting to resemble Menshikov's Tower and transfers it to the work of Ivan Zarudny.
The Church of St. John the Warrior is decorated with white carvings and figurines of angels. The domes are painted with red, black, yellow and green paint “in shakhiv”. If such a mess appeared, it is not known, but there is a legend that in the 1790s it was worthy of Paul I and from that time the temple was beautified.
A little bit stands out from the chaotic appearance of the church, the dry decor and the daubed anniversary. And underneath the temple there is a forged fence with the appearance of curly fronds of leaves.
The interior decoration of the Church of St. John the Warrior was created under the supervision of Vasily Bazhenov, and the paintings on the icon were painted by the artist Gavriil Domozhirov. The original decor was carefully preserved, although the restoration was carried out as closely as possible to the original.
The iconostasis that stands at the Church of St. John the Warrior was created in 1712 for the Church of the Three Saints with the Red Brahna (where Lermontov was baptized and General Skobelev was buried). In 1928, the people demolished the temple, and miraculously reduced the iconostasis to the Church of St. John the Warrior.
During the Christian hours, icons were transferred here from adjacent churches that were closed: the icon “St. Joachim and Anna” was transferred from the church in Yakimantsi, the icon “Great Martyr Barbara” was transferred from the Varvara Church to the Kazan Icon Holy Mother of God- from the Kazan Church on Yakimantsi.
A traveler's guide to architectural stylesI guess......ring the bell of the Church of St. John the Warrior with a small miraculous sound, and following the decree of the Consistory, entering the number of those who “heard” the conciliar gospel.
The ringing of the Moscow churches began at the same time with the ringing in Moskovsky. The churches located far away were guided by the “famous church”, where they “heard” and “transmitted” the ringing of the Kremlin ring. They were robbed by the Consistory. In Zamoskvorich, such churches were the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi, the Church of St. Nicholas on Bersenivtsi, the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian at Nizhniye Sadivniki and the Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimantsi.
In the 1920s, the bell rings of St. John's Church were taken for melting down, and the bells were given to the Moscow Art Theater for artistic support.
